2739623
1
apa
50
date
desc
1
215
https://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/home2/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A1250%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22HKTFQWHS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Woods%20and%20Zinnert%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-08-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWoods%2C%20N.%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Zinnert%2C%20J.%20C.%20%282024%29.%20Shrub%20encroachment%20of%20coastal%20ecosystems%20depends%20on%20dune%20elevation.%20%3Ci%3EPlant%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11258-024-01453-2%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11258-024-01453-2%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHKTFQWHS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Shrub%20encroachment%20of%20coastal%20ecosystems%20depends%20on%20dune%20elevation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Natasha%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woods%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zinnert%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Woody%20plant%20encroachment%20is%20influenced%20by%20interactions%20between%20the%20physical%20environment%20and%20vegetation%2C%20which%20create%20heterogenous%20microenvironments%20some%20of%20which%20favor%20shrub%20recruitment%20through%20mitigation%20of%20the%20abiotic%20environment.%20Encroachment%20of%20native%20shrub%2C%20Morella%20cerifera%20into%20grasslands%20on%20Hog%20Island%2C%20Virginia%20has%20been%20attributed%20to%20warmer%20winter%20temperature%3B%20however%2C%20recruitment%20of%20seedlings%20in%20grasslands%20may%20be%20impacted%20by%20multiple%20factors%20at%20the%20level%20of%20the%20microhabitat.%20Our%20study%20focuses%20on%20a%20critical%20gap%20in%20understanding%20factors%20specifically%20influencing%20M.%20cerifera%20seedling%20recruitment%20and%20survival.%20By%20experimentally%20planting%20M.%20cerifera%20seedlings%20at%20varying%20dune%20elevations%20and%20grass%20densities%2C%20we%20tested%20hypotheses%20that%20dune%20elevation%20influences%20the%20microclimate%2C%20soil%20characteristics%20and%20vegetation%20cover%20and%20that%20grass%20cover%5C%2Fdensity%20is%20related%20to%20shrub%20establishment.%20We%20tested%20these%20hypotheses%20through%20gathering%20data%20from%20temperature%20data%20loggers%2C%20conducting%20soil%20water%20content%20and%20chloride%20analyses%2C%20and%20determining%20percent%20cover%20of%20grasses%20relative%20to%20dune%20elevation.%20Results%20indicate%20that%20dune%20elevation%20was%20positively%20related%20to%20moderated%20temperatures%20with%20reduced%20temperature%20extremes%20and%20vegetation%20cover%5C%2Fcomposition%20that%20led%20to%20favorable%20locations%20for%20M.%20cerifera%20establishment%20and%20growth.%20Where%20dune%20elevation%20is%5Cu2009%3E%5Cu20092%5Cu00a0m%2C%20we%20document%20an%20upper%20limit%20of%20grass%20cover%20on%20natural%20seedling%20establishment%2C%20suggesting%20a%20switch%20from%20facilitative%20to%20competitive%20effects%20with%20grass%20density.%20Overall%2C%20our%20work%20demonstrates%20interactions%20between%20dune%20elevation%20and%20medium%20grass%20density%20has%20a%20facilitative%20influence%20on%5Cu00a0M.%20cerifera%5Cu00a0establishment%20and%20can%20be%20used%20for%20future%20predictions%20of%20shrub%20growth%20with%20rising%20sea-levels.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-08-06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs11258-024-01453-2%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221573-5052%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11258-024-01453-2%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226QAI2UY5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tassone%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETassone%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Ewers%20Lewis%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20McGlathery%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pace%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282024%29.%20Seagrass%20ecosystem%20recovery%3A%20Experimental%20removal%20and%20synthesis%20of%20disturbance%20studies.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.12608%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.12608%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6QAI2UY5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Seagrass%20ecosystem%20recovery%3A%20Experimental%20removal%20and%20synthesis%20of%20disturbance%20studies%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Spencer%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tassone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carolyn%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ewers%20Lewis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGlathery%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pace%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20Net%20global%20losses%20of%20seagrasses%20have%20accelerated%20efforts%20to%20understand%20recovery%20from%20disturbances.%20Stressors%20causing%20disturbances%20%28e.g.%2C%20storms%2C%20heatwaves%2C%20boating%29%20vary%20temporally%20and%20spatially%20within%20meadows%20potentially%20affecting%20recovery.%20To%20test%20differential%20recovery%2C%20we%20conducted%20a%20removal%20experiment%20at%20sites%20that%20differed%20in%20thermal%20stress%20for%20a%20temperate%20seagrass%20%28Zostera%20marina%29.%20We%20also%20synthesized%20prior%20studies%20of%20seagrass%20recovery%20to%20assess%20general%20patterns.%20Seagrass%20shoots%20were%20removed%20from%2028.3%5Cu2009m2%20plots%20at%20edge%20and%20central%20sites%20of%20a%20meadow%20in%20South%20Bay%2C%20Virginia%2C%20USA.%20We%20hypothesized%20faster%20recovery%20for%20edge%20plots%20where%20greater%20oceanic%20exchange%20reduces%20thermal%20stress.%20Contrary%20to%20our%20hypothesis%20recovery%20was%20most%20rapid%20in%20the%20central%20meadow%20matching%20control%20site%20shoot%20density%20in%2024%5Cu2009months.%20Recovery%20was%20incomplete%20at%20the%20meadow%20edge%20and%20estimated%20to%20require%20158%5Cu2009months.%20Differences%20in%20recovery%20were%20likely%20due%20to%20storm-driven%20sediment%20erosion%20at%20the%20edge%20sites.%20Based%20on%20data%20from%20prior%20recovery%20studies%2C%20which%20were%20primarily%20on%20monospecific%20meadows%20of%20Zostera%2C%20seagrasses%20recover%20across%20a%20broad%20range%20of%20conditions%20with%20a%20positive%2C%20nonlinear%20relationship%20between%20disturbance%20area%20and%20recovery%20time.%20Our%20experiment%20indicates%20position%20within%20a%20seagrass%20meadow%20affects%20disturbance%20susceptibility%20and%20length%20of%20recovery.%20Linking%20this%20finding%20to%20our%20literature%20synthesis%20suggests%20increased%20attention%20to%20spatial%20context%20will%20contribute%20to%20better%20understanding%20variation%20in%20recovery%20rates.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flno.12608%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Faslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.12608%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A41%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PWQS4T4N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Turrietta%20and%20Reidenbach%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETurrietta%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reidenbach%2C%20M.%20A.%20%282024%29.%20Edge%20effects%20of%20a%20fragmented%20seagrass%20habitat%20on%20flow%2C%20bivalve%20recruitment%2C%20and%20sediment%20dynamics.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E732%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2053%26%23x2013%3B71.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps14545%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps14545%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPWQS4T4N%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Edge%20effects%20of%20a%20fragmented%20seagrass%20habitat%20on%20flow%2C%20bivalve%20recruitment%2C%20and%20sediment%20dynamics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Turrietta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reidenbach%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22ABSTRACT%3A%20In%20both%20continuous%20and%20fragmented%20seagrass%20ecosystems%2C%20the%20vegetation%20edge%20can%20be%20a%20location%20of%20abrupt%20hydrodynamic%20change%2C%20with%20impacts%20to%20both%20ecological%20and%20physical%20processes.%20We%20address%20how%20flow%20and%20wave%20activity%20change%20across%20seagrass%20meadow%20edges%20and%20the%20effects%20of%20vegetation%20on%20sediment%20dynamics%20and%20bivalve%20recruitment.%20Two%20%3Ci%3EZostera%20marina%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20seagrass%20meadow%20sites%20were%20monitored%3A%20a%20high-density%20site%20with%20%3E500%20shoots%20m%3Csup%3E-2%3C%5C%2Fsup%3E%20and%20a%20low-density%20site%20with%20%3C250%20shoots%20m%3Csup%3E-2%3C%5C%2Fsup%3E.%20Mean%20flow%20velocities%20were%20significantly%20reduced%20in%20seagrass%20vegetation%20adjacent%20to%20edges%2C%20with%20reductions%20compared%20to%20unvegetated%20areas%20ranging%20from%2030-75%25.%20Recruitment%20of%20juvenile%20bivalves%20was%20significantly%20elevated%20within%20vegetation.%20No%20significant%20differences%20in%20wave%20activity%20or%20sediment%20suspension%20and%5C%2For%20deposition%20were%20found%20spatially%20across%20a%2010%20m%20distance%20from%20a%20seagrass%20edge%2C%20but%20significant%20temporal%20variability%20was%20observed%2C%20caused%20by%20periodic%20storms.%20Wave%20height%20was%20a%20major%20predictor%20for%20sediment%20movement%20along%20seagrass%20edges%2C%20with%20an%20observed%2010-fold%20increase%20in%20sediment%20collection%20within%20benthic%20traps%20following%20severe%20storms.%20These%20results%20were%20found%20across%20various%20heterogeneous%20edge%20configurations%20and%20reveal%20abrupt%20hydrodynamic%20responses%20of%20both%20mean%20flow%20and%20turbulence%20to%20occur%20at%20short%20spatial%20scales%20%281-10%20m%29%2C%20with%20changes%20to%20wave%20and%20sediment%20deposition%20and%5C%2For%20suspension%20conditions%20only%20occurring%20over%20larger%20spatial%20distances%20%28~100%20m%29.%20Changes%20to%20the%20hydrodynamic%20regime%20were%20therefore%20found%20to%20be%20driven%20by%20meteorological%20conditions%20%28e.g.%20winds%2C%20storms%29%20on%20daily%20timescales%20and%20by%20changes%20in%20seagrass%20shoot%20density%2C%20altering%20both%20bivalve%20recruitment%20and%20sediment%20dynamics%20on%20longer%20temporal%20and%5C%2For%20spatial%20timescales.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3354%5C%2Fmeps14545%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.int-res.com%5C%2Fabstracts%5C%2Fmeps%5C%2Fv732%5C%2Fp53-71%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VZLGFJ3X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rubin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERubin%2C%20E.%20V.%20L.%2C%20Blum%2C%20L.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mills%2C%20A.%20L.%20%282024%29.%20Effect%20of%20Flooding%20on%20Water-Table%20Elevation%20and%20Salinity%20in%20an%20Abandoned%20Coastal%20Agricultural%20Field.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Coastal%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2112%5C%2FJCOASTRES-D-23-00071.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2112%5C%2FJCOASTRES-D-23-00071.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVZLGFJ3X%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effect%20of%20Flooding%20on%20Water-Table%20Elevation%20and%20Salinity%20in%20an%20Abandoned%20Coastal%20Agricultural%20Field%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20Victoria%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rubin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Linda%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blum%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aaron%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mills%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Rubin%2C%20E.V.L.%3B%20Blum%2C%20L.K.%2C%20and%20Mills%2C%20A.L.%2C%200000.%20Effect%20of%20flooding%20on%20water-table%20elevation%20and%20salinity%20in%20a%20coastal%20agricultural%20field.Water%20levels%20and%20salinity%20were%20measured%20in%20seven%20shallow%20%28%5Cu223c2-m-deep%29%20wells%20installed%20at%20distances%20proximal%2C%20medial%2C%20and%20distal%20to%20the%20source%20of%20tidal%20flooding%20between%202017%20and%202019%20in%20a%20warm-season%20grass%20meadow%20adjacent%20to%20a%20salt%20marsh.%20Water-table%20fluctuations%20greater%20than%2010%20cm%20were%20associated%20with%20seawater%2C%20precipitation%2C%20or%20a%20combination%20of%20the%20two.%20When%20the%20field%20was%20flooded%20by%20tides%20%28%26gt%3B0.5%20m%20above%20predicted%29%2C%20groundwater%20salinity%20increased%3B%20when%20the%20field%20was%20flooded%20by%20precipitation%20%28%26gt%3B2.5%20cm%29%2C%20the%20salinity%20of%20the%20groundwater%20decreased.%20The%20increased%20head%20gradient%20that%20accompanied%20the%20rise%20in%20the%20water%20table%20appeared%20to%20be%20sufficient%20to%20allow%20the%20freshwater%20from%20precipitation%20to%20push%20the%20saltwater%20down%20and%20towards%20the%20marsh%20creek%2C%20resulting%20in%20a%20freshening%20of%20the%20groundwater%20that%20persisted%20until%20the%20next%20saltwater%20flooding%20event.%20Thus%2C%20the%20relative%20frequencies%20of%20saltwater%20flooding%2C%20salinization%2C%20freshwater%20flooding%2C%20and%20flushing%20controlled%20the%20groundwater%20salinity.%20These%20findings%20indicate%20the%20importance%20of%20high-tide%20events%20in%20the%20process%20of%20salinization%20of%20the%20groundwater%20and%20the%20ameliorating%20effects%20of%20rainfall%20events%20when%20the%20magnitude%20is%20sufficient%20to%20increase%20groundwater%20elevation%20at%20least%2010%20cm.%20Further%2C%20the%20results%20contribute%20to%20a%20growing%20body%20of%20evidence%20in%20support%20of%20the%20interaction%20between%20freshwater%20and%20saltwater%20flooding%20events%20to%20enhance%20the%20salinity%20of%20groundwater%20and%20drive%20ecosystem%20transition%20from%20uplands%20to%20salt%20marshes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2112%5C%2Fjcoastres-d-23-00071.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220749-0208%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2112%5C%2FJCOASTRES-D-23-00071.1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2272WAZKQS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rubin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERubin%2C%20E.%20V.%20%282024%29.%20%3Ci%3ESalt%20Marsh%20Migration%20into%20Abandoned%20Agricultural%20Fields%20and%20the%20Role%20of%20Kosteletzkya%20pentacarpos%20in%20Ecosystem%20Transition%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%2810.18130%5C%2Fmxtn-wb21%29%20%5BUniversity%20of%20Virginia%5D.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2Fmxtn-wb21%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2Fmxtn-wb21%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D72WAZKQS%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Salt%20Marsh%20Migration%20into%20Abandoned%20Agricultural%20Fields%20and%20the%20Role%20of%20Kosteletzkya%20pentacarpos%20in%20Ecosystem%20Transition%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22contributor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Linda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blum%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20Victoria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rubin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Understanding%20the%20process%20of%20marsh%20migration%20into%20coastal%20areas%2C%20particularly%20low-lying%20old%20fields%2C%20will%20help%20to%20inform%20adaptive%20strategies%20that%20facilitate%20ecosystem%20change%20from%20upland%20to%20salt%20marsh.%20This%20study%20sought%20to%20understand%20better%20the%20drivers%20of%20old-field%20plant%20community%20response%20to%20sea-level%20rise%20and%20to%20evaluate%20how%20two%20types%20of%20disturbance%2C%20tilling%20the%20soil%20and%20introducing%20a%20new%20species%2C%20alter%20community%20response.%5CnFrom%202017-2019%2C%20water%20levels%20and%20salinity%20were%20measured%20in%20seven%20shallow%20wells%20in%20an%20abandoned%20agricultural%20field%20adjacent%20to%20a%20salt%20marsh.%20Water-table%20fluctuations%20greater%20than%2010%20cm%20were%20associated%20with%20flooding%20events%20from%20storm%20surges%2C%20precipitation%2C%20or%20a%20combination%20of%20the%20two.%20Groundwater%20elevation%20and%20salinity%20showed%20a%20temporal%20response%20to%20freshwater%20flooding%20from%20precipitation%20and%20saltwater%20flooding%20from%20storm%20surge%20and%20extreme%20tides%20that%20suggest%20overland%20flooding%20with%20saline%20water%20from%20nearby%20tidal%20creeks%20is%20the%20source%20of%20salinity%20in%20the%20groundwater.%20However%2C%20salinization%20of%20the%20groundwater%20may%20not%20persist%20if%20seawater%20flooding%20events%20are%20followed%20or%20accompanied%20by%20freshwater%20inputs%20from%20precipitation.%20These%20findings%20show%20that%20the%20magnitude%20and%20timing%20of%20precipitation%20events%20can%20reduce%20salinity%20stress%20to%20the%20plant%20community%20by%20retarding%20the%20salinization%20of%20old%20fields%20experiencing%20high%20rates%20of%20sea-level%20rise.%5Cn%5CnGreenhouse%20studies%20of%20Panicum%20virgatum%20%28switchgrass%29%20and%20Kosteletzkya%20pentacarpos%20%28salt%20marsh%20mallow%29%20seed%20germination%20and%20seedling%20growth%20in%20three%20levels%20of%20saline%20water%20showed%20that%20salt%20marsh%20mallow%20germination%20and%20survival%20was%20greater%20than%20that%20of%20switchgrass%20at%20all%20treatment%20levels%2C%20and%20that%20mallow%20began%20linear%20growth%20sooner%20than%20switchgrass.%20Mallow%20seed%20germination%20and%20seedling%20growth%20appeared%20more%20tolerant%20of%20saline%20water%20than%20switchgrass%2C%20and%20these%20findings%20suggest%20that%20mallow%20should%20become%20established%20more%20rapidly%20than%20switchgrass%20in%20abandoned%20agricultural%20fields%20experiencing%20increased%20frequency%20of%20flooding%20with%20saltwater.%5Cn%5CnA%20field%20experiment%20was%20conducted%20to%20determine%20the%20effect%20of%20increased%20frequency%20of%20flooding%20on%20the%20establishment%20and%20growth%20of%20monocultures%20and%20mixed%20cultures%20of%20salt%20marsh%20mallow%20and%20switchgrass.%20Mallow%20cover%20was%20higher%20in%20the%20wet%20treatment%20plots%2C%20which%20received%20supplemental%20fresh%20water%20every%20week%20during%20the%20summer%2C%20than%20in%20the%20dry%20plots%2C%20while%20switchgrass%20cover%20was%20unaffected%20by%20watering.%20Additionally%2C%20seeds%20of%20the%20two%20plants%20were%20mixed%20in%20different%20ratios%20and%20then%20planted%20together.%20Regardless%20of%20the%20seed%20mixture%20ratio%20in%20a%20plot%2C%20mallow%20cover%20was%20greater%20than%20that%20of%20switchgrass.%20Thus%2C%20salt%20marsh%20mallow%20may%20be%20a%20more%20suitable%20species%20than%20switchgrass%20for%20cultivation%20in%20abandoned%20agricultural%20fields%20where%20groundwater%20elevations%20are%20increasing%20or%20the%20fields%20experiencing%20more%20frequent%20overland%20flooding%20with%20saline%20water.%5Cn%5CnIn%202015%2C%20K.%20pentacarpos%20seeds%20were%20planted%20in%20experimental%20plots%20at%20the%20field%20site%20to%20determine%20if%20the%20recruitment%20of%20a%20native%20high%20marsh%20species%2C%20Distichlis%20spicata%2C%20was%20enhanced%20by%20disturbing%20the%20existing%20plant%20community%20by%20tilling%20and%20adding%20marsh%20mallow.%20Species%20richness%20and%20percent%20cover%20at%20the%20site%20were%20measured%20at%20the%20end%20of%20each%20growing%20season%20from%202015%20to%202019.%20After%20two%20years%2C%20coverage%20by%20high%20marsh%20species%2C%20including%20D.%20spicata%2C%20and%20transition%20species%2C%20including%20K.%20pentacarpos%2C%20increased%20in%20all%20treatment%20plots.%20Disturbance%20of%20the%20native%20plant%20community%20by%20tilling%20increased%20D.%20spicata%20cover%20in%20the%20plots%20one%20year%20after%20the%20initial%20treatment.%20Changes%20in%20hydrological%20conditions%20in%20response%20to%20seawater%20flooding%20in%20three%20distinct%20zones%20within%20the%20field%20resulted%20in%20different%20plant%20communities.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20cultivating%20K.%20pentacarpos%20in%20salinized%20agricultural%20fields%20may%20improve%20the%20natural%20recruitment%20of%20high%20marsh%20and%20transition%20plant%20species%20in%20coastal%20agricultural%20land%20experiencing%20sea-level%20rise.%5Cn%5CnBased%20on%20the%20results%20of%20these%20experiments%2C%20a%20new%20conceptual%20model%20was%20developed%20to%20explain%20the%20drivers%20of%20ecosystem%20transition%2C%20especially%20groundwater%20elevation%20and%20salinity%2C%20from%20abandoned%20agricultural%20fields%20to%20high%20marsh.%20This%20model%20decouples%20those%20drivers%2C%20which%20occur%20at%20different%20rates%2C%20and%20emphasizes%20the%20role%20of%20precipitation%20in%20plant%20community%20change.%20In%20fields%20experiencing%20high%20rates%20of%20salinization%2C%20disturbance%20facilitates%20the%20transition%20from%20upland%20to%20salt%20marsh.%20Thus%2C%20the%20rate%20of%20inland%20marsh%20migration%20depends%20on%20the%20abiotic%20conditions%20at%20a%20given%20site%20and%20the%20resiliency%20of%20the%20plant%20community%20to%20environmental%20change%2C%20which%20vary%20at%20different%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20scales.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20addition%20of%20new%20species%2C%20such%20as%20salt%20marsh%20mallow%2C%20that%20thrive%20under%20dynamic%20environmental%20conditions%20may%20preserve%20important%20ecosystem%20services%20that%20otherwise%20may%20be%20lost%2C%20at%20least%20temporarily%2C%20during%20transition.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22University%20of%20Virginia%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2Fmxtn-wb21%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VXGQT29P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Porter%20and%20Dueser%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPorter%2C%20J.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dueser%2C%20R.%20D.%20%282024%29.%20A%20Low-Cost%20Small-Mammal%20Camera%20Trap%20for%20Research%20and%20Education.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Bulletin%20of%20the%20Ecological%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E105%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20e02142.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fbes2.2142%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fbes2.2142%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVXGQT29P%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Low-Cost%20Small-Mammal%20Camera%20Trap%20for%20Research%20and%20Education%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Porter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raymond%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dueser%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fbes2.2142%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220012-9623%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fesajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fbes2.2142%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZXS5XF2J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22LaRoche%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELaRoche%2C%20C.%20%282024%29.%20%3Ci%3EUnderstanding%20variability%20and%20drivers%20of%20seawater%20inorganic%20carbonate%20chemistry%20across%20temperate%20nearshore%20marine%20systems%20in%20the%20U.S.%20Mid-Atlantic%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%2810.18130%5C%2Fsc6g-xt43%29%20%5BPh.D%20Dissertation%2C%20University%20of%20Virginia%5D.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2Fsc6g-xt43%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2Fsc6g-xt43%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZXS5XF2J%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Understanding%20variability%20and%20drivers%20of%20seawater%20inorganic%20carbonate%20chemistry%20across%20temperate%20nearshore%20marine%20systems%20in%20the%20U.S.%20Mid-Atlantic%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22contributor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22LaRoche%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20nearshore%20marine%20ecosystems%2C%20extreme%20seawater%20inorganic%20carbonate%20system%20variability%20is%20regulated%20by%20biogeochemical%2C%20hydrodynamic%2C%20and%20thermodynamic%20drivers.%20Rising%20CO2%20emissions%20and%20other%20anthropogenic%20perturbations%20have%20led%20to%20shifting%20coastal%20carbon%20cycles.%20Given%20a%20backdrop%20of%20global%20change%2C%20resolving%20regional%20uncertainties%20in%20drivers%20and%20variability%20of%20seawater%20carbonate%20chemistry%20in%20nearshore%20systems%20can%20improve%20out%20understanding%20of%20how%20these%20systems%20fit%20into%20critical%20climate%20issues.%20This%20dissertation%20will%20discuss%20the%20results%20of%20three%20projects%20investigating%20coastal%20carbonate%20chemistry%20at%20different%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20scales%20in%20the%20U.S.%20Mid-Atlantic.%20%281%29%20A%20publicly%20available%20inventory%20of%20Mid-Atlantic%20seawater%20carbonate%20system%20sampling%20sites%2C%20including%20all%20locations%20sampling%20pCO2%2C%20pH%2C%20Dissolved%20Inorganic%20Carbon%20%28DIC%29%2C%20and%20Total%20Alkalinity%20%28TA%29%2C%20was%20created%20to%20better%20understand%20the%20spatial%20distribution%20of%20regional%20monitoring.%20%282%29%20Seasonal%20and%20spatial%20DIC%20and%20TA%20dynamics%20were%20assessed%20across%20spatially%20diverse%20sites%20in%20the%20Virginia%20Coast%20Reserve%20%28VCR%29.%20Drivers%20of%20patterns%20were%20assessed%20across%20lagoonal%2C%20inlet%2C%20and%20marsh%20adjacent%20sites.%20%283%29%20South%20Bay%20in%20the%20VCR%20was%20examined%20at%20a%20higher%20temporal%20and%20spatial%20frequency%20to%20determine%20pH%20patterns%20in%20a%20seagrass%20meadow%20and%20a%20marsh%20influenced%20lagoon.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Ph.D%20Dissertation%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22University%20of%20Virginia%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2Fsc6g-xt43%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DCW2KJKJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Berger%20and%20Berg%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBerger%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Berg%2C%20P.%20%282024%29.%20Eelgrass%20meadow%20response%20to%20heat%20stress.%20I.%20Temperature%20threshold%20for%20ecosystem%20production%20derived%20from%20in%20situ%20aquatic%20eddy%20covariance%20measurements.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E736%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2035%26%23x2013%3B46.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps14587%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps14587%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDCW2KJKJ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Eelgrass%20meadow%20response%20to%20heat%20stress.%20I.%20Temperature%20threshold%20for%20ecosystem%20production%20derived%20from%20in%20situ%20aquatic%20eddy%20covariance%20measurements%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berg%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22ABSTRACT%3A%20As%20seagrass%20meadows%20are%20increasingly%20threatened%20by%20warming%20oceans%20and%20extreme%20heating%20events%2C%20it%20is%20critical%20that%20we%20enhance%20our%20understanding%20of%20their%20ecosystem%20response%20to%20heat%20stress.%20This%20study%20relied%20on%20our%20extensive%20database%20of%20hourly%20eelgrass%20%3Ci%3EZostera%20marina%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20ecosystem%20metabolism%20to%20determine%2C%20for%20the%20first%20time%2C%20the%20temperature%20stress%20threshold%20%28T%3Csub%3Eth%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%29%20of%20%3Ci%3EZ%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3Emarina%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20meadows%20under%20naturally%20varying%20%3Ci%3Ein%20situ%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20conditions.%20Eelgrass%20ecosystem%20metabolism%20was%20measured%20using%20the%20aquatic%20eddy%20covariance%20technique%20in%20a%2020%20km%3Csup%3E2%3C%5C%2Fsup%3E%20meadow%20at%20the%20Virginia%20Coast%20Reserve%20%28USA%29.%20We%20constructed%20and%20fitted%20a%20non-linear%20multivariate%20model%20to%20identify%2028.6%5Cu00b0C%20as%20the%20threshold%20above%20which%20substantial%20negative%20effects%20on%20net%20photosynthesis%20occur.%20On%20average%2C%20daytime%20oxygen%20fluxes%20decreased%20by%2050%25%20on%20afternoons%20when%20T%3Csub%3Eth%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20was%20exceeded%2C%20which%20shifted%20daily%20net%20ecosystem%20metabolism%20from%20metabolic%20balance%20to%20net%20heterotrophy%20and%20therefore%20a%20loss%20in%20carbon.%20This%20study%20highlights%20the%20vulnerability%20of%20eelgrass%20meadows%20to%20future%20warming%20projections.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3354%5C%2Fmeps14587%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.int-res.com%5C%2Fabstracts%5C%2Fmeps%5C%2Fv736%5C%2Fp35-46%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223AHC72XB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Murphy%20and%20Reidenbach%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMurphy%2C%20E.%20A.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Reidenbach%2C%20M.%20A.%20%282024%29.%20Pulsatile%20Ventilation%20Flow%20in%20Polychaete%20Alitta%20succinea%20Burrows.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Marine%20Science%20and%20Engineering%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E12%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%201037.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fjmse12071037%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fjmse12071037%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3AHC72XB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pulsatile%20Ventilation%20Flow%20in%20Polychaete%20Alitta%20succinea%20Burrows%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20A.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Murphy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reidenbach%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Fjmse12071037%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222077-1312%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mdpi.com%5C%2F2077-1312%5C%2F12%5C%2F7%5C%2F1037%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CG9YZTP8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Brahmey%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBrahmey%2C%20E.%20I.%2C%20McGlathery%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Doney%2C%20S.%20C.%20%282024%29.%20Quantifying%20seasonal%20to%20multi-decadal%20signals%20in%20coastal%20water%20quality%20using%20high-%20and%20low-frequency%20time%20series%20data.%20%3Ci%3ECambridge%20Prisms%3A%20Coastal%20Futures%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20e8.%20Cambridge%20Core.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2Fcft.2024.6%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2Fcft.2024.6%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCG9YZTP8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20seasonal%20to%20multi-decadal%20signals%20in%20coastal%20water%20quality%20using%20high-%20and%20low-frequency%20time%20series%20data%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emma%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brahmey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGlathery%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doney%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22To%20inform%20water%20quality%20monitoring%20techniques%20and%20modeling%20at%20coastal%20research%20sites%2C%20this%20study%20investigated%20seasonality%20and%20trends%20in%20coastal%20lagoons%20on%20the%20eastern%20shore%20of%20Virginia%2C%20USA.%20Seasonality%20was%20quantified%20with%20harmonic%20analysis%20of%20low-frequency%20time-series%2C%20approximately%2030%5Cu00a0years%20of%20quarterly%20sampled%20data%20at%20thirteen%20mainland%2C%20lagoon%2C%20and%20ocean%20inlet%20sites%2C%20along%20with%204%5Cu20136%5Cu00a0years%20of%20high-frequency%2C%2015-min%20resolution%20sonde%20data%20at%20two%20mainland%20sites.%20Temperature%2C%20dissolved%20oxygen%2C%20and%20apparent%20oxygen%20utilization%20%28AOU%29%20seasonality%20were%20dominated%20by%20annual%20harmonics%2C%20while%20salinity%20and%20chlorophyll-a%20exhibited%20mixed%20annual%20and%20semi-annual%20harmonics.%20Mainland%20sites%20had%20larger%20seasonal%20amplitudes%20and%20higher%20peak%20summer%20values%20for%20temperature%2C%20chlorophyll-a%20and%20AOU%2C%20likely%20from%20longer%20water%20residence%20times%2C%20shallower%20waters%2C%20and%20proximity%20to%20marshes%20and%20uplands.%20Based%20on%20the%20statistical%20subsampling%20of%20high-frequency%20data%2C%20one%20to%20several%20decades%20of%20low-frequency%20data%20%28at%20quarterly%20sampling%29%20were%20needed%20to%20quantify%20the%20climatological%20seasonal%20cycle%20within%20specified%20confidence%20intervals.%20Statistically%20significant%20decadal%20warming%20and%20increasing%20chlorophyll-a%20concentrations%20were%20found%20at%20a%20sub-set%20of%20mainland%20sites%2C%20with%20no%20distinct%20geographic%20patterns%20for%20other%20water%20quality%20trends.%20The%20analysis%20highlighted%20challenges%20in%20detecting%20long-term%20trends%20in%20coastal%20water%20quality%20at%20sites%20sampled%20at%20low%20frequency%20with%20large%20seasonal%20and%20interannual%20variability.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2Fcft.2024.6%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cambridge.org%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fproduct%5C%2FB0A5695E59A8A0BDDB94108C181CFFA7%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224QXYLXHG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Berger%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBerger%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Berg%2C%20P.%2C%20McGlathery%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20Aoki%2C%20L.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kerns%2C%20K.%20%282024%29.%20Eelgrass%20meadow%20response%20to%20heat%20stress.%20II.%20Impacts%20of%20ocean%20warming%20and%20marine%20heatwaves%20measured%20by%20novel%20metrics.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E736%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2047%26%23x2013%3B62.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps14587%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps14587%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4QXYLXHG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Eelgrass%20meadow%20response%20to%20heat%20stress.%20II.%20Impacts%20of%20ocean%20warming%20and%20marine%20heatwaves%20measured%20by%20novel%20metrics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGlathery%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aoki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kerns%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22ABSTRACT%3A%20In%20June%202015%2C%20a%20marine%20heatwave%20triggered%20a%20severe%20eelgrass%20%3Ci%3EZostera%20marina%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20die-off%20event%20at%20the%20Virginia%20Coast%20Reserve%20%28USA%29%2C%20followed%20by%20a%20slow%20and%20spatially%20heterogeneous%20recovery.%20We%20investigated%20the%20effects%20of%20heat%20stress%20on%20seagrass%20loss%20and%20recovery.%20Using%20hourly%20summer%20water%20temperature%20measurements%20from%202016-2020%2C%20we%20developed%20a%20novel%20approach%20to%20quantifying%20the%20stress%20of%20ocean%20warming%20on%20seagrass%20meadows.%20We%20defined%202%20metrics%3A%20cumulative%20heat%20stress%20%28as%20heating%20degree-hours%2C%20HDHs%29%20and%20heat%20stress%20relief%20%28as%20cooling%20degree-hours%2C%20CDHs%29%2C%20relative%20to%20a%2028.6%5Cu00b0C%20eelgrass%20ecosystem%20thermal%20tolerance%20threshold%20previously%20determined%20at%20this%20site%20from%20aquatic%20eddy%20covariance%20measurements.%20These%20metrics%20were%20compared%20to%20spatiotemporal%20patterns%20of%20summertime%20eelgrass%20shoot%20density%20and%20length.%20We%20found%20that%20the%20healthiest%20parts%20of%20the%20meadow%20benefited%20from%20greater%20heat%20stress%20relief%20%282-3%5Cu00d7%29%20due%20to%20tidal%20cooling%20%28inputs%20of%20cooler%20ocean%20water%20through%20ocean%20inlets%29%20during%20warm%20periods%2C%20resulting%20in%20~65%25%20higher%20shoot%20densities%20compared%20to%20the%20center%20of%20the%20meadow%2C%20which%20experienced%20higher%20heat%20stress%20%282%5Cu00d7%29%20and%20less%20relief.%20We%20also%20calculated%20the%20amount%20of%20heat%20stress%20preceding%20the%20eelgrass%20die-off%20in%20summer%202015%2C%20and%20found%20that%20this%20event%20was%20triggered%20by%20a%20cumulative%20heat%20stress%20of%20~100-200%5Cu00b0C-hours%20during%20the%20peak%20growing%20season.%20Sulfur%20isotope%20analyses%20of%20eelgrass%20leaves%20and%20sediment%20also%20suggested%20that%20sulfide%20toxicity%20likely%20contributed%20to%20eelgrass%20decline.%20Overall%2C%20our%20metrics%20incorporate%20physiological%20heat%20tolerances%20with%20the%20duration%20and%20intensity%20of%20heat%20stress%20and%20relief%2C%20and%20thus%20lay%20the%20groundwork%20for%20forecasting%20seagrass%20meadow%20vulnerability%20and%20resilience%20to%20future%20warming%20oceans.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3354%5C%2Fmeps14587%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.int-res.com%5C%2Fabstracts%5C%2Fmeps%5C%2Fv736%5C%2Fp47-62%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S9AM5LDX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tassone%20and%20Pace%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-12-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETassone%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pace%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282023%29.%20Increased%20Frequency%20of%20Sediment%20Heatwaves%20in%20a%20Virginia%20Seagrass%20Meadow.%20%3Ci%3EEstuaries%20and%20Coasts%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-023-01314-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-023-01314-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS9AM5LDX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Increased%20Frequency%20of%20Sediment%20Heatwaves%20in%20a%20Virginia%20Seagrass%20Meadow%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Spencer%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tassone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pace%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Coastal%20marine%20heatwaves%20have%20destructive%20and%20lasting%20impacts%20on%20foundational%20species%20and%20are%20increasing%20in%20frequency%2C%20duration%2C%20and%20magnitude.%20High%20atmospheric%20temperatures%20are%20often%20associated%20with%20marine%20heatwaves%20%28MHW%29%20which%20are%20defined%20as%205%5Cu00a0days%20of%20water%20temperatures%20above%20a%20seasonally%20varying%2090th%20percentile%20threshold.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20consider%20the%20prevalence%20of%20MHW%20propagation%20into%20surficial%20sediments%20to%20cause%20sediment%20heatwaves%20%28SHW%29.%20Within%20a%20shallow%2C%20subtidal%20seagrass%20meadow%20in%20Virginia%2C%20USA%2C%20sediment%20temperature%20was%20measured%20at%20hourly%20intervals%20at%20a%20depth%20of%205%5Cu00a0cm%20between%20June%202020%20and%20October%202022%20at%20the%20meadow%20edge%20and%20central%20meadow%20interior.%20The%20observed%20sediment%20temperature%20along%20with%20a%2029-year%20record%20of%20water%20temperature%20and%20water%20level%20was%20used%20to%20develop%20a%20sediment%20temperature%20model%20for%20each%20location.%20Modeled%20sediment%20temperatures%20were%20used%20to%20identify%20sediment%20heatwaves%20that%20may%20thermally%20stress%20belowground%20seagrass.%20At%20both%20meadow%20locations%2C%20sediment%20heatwave%20frequency%20increased%20at%20a%20rate%20twice%20that%20of%20MHWs%20in%20the%20average%20global%20open%20ocean%2C%20coinciding%20with%20a%20172%25%20increase%20in%20the%20annual%20number%20of%20SHW%20days%2C%20from%2011%20to%2030%5Cu00a0days%5Cu00a0year%5Cu22121%20between%201994%20and%202022.%20Sediment%20heatwaves%20at%20both%20meadow%20locations%20co-occurred%20with%20a%20MHW%2079%5Cu201381%25%20of%20the%20time%2C%20with%20nearly%20all%20SHWs%20having%20a%20zero%20day%20lag.%20The%20top%2010%25%20most%20extreme%20MHWs%20and%20SHWs%20occurred%20between%20November%20and%20April%20when%20thermal%20stress%20to%20seagrass%20was%20unlikely.%20In%20June%202015%2C%20a%20SHW%20co-occurred%20with%20an%20anomalously%20long%20duration%20MHW%20that%20was%20associated%20with%20a%2090%25%20decline%20in%20seagrass%20from%20this%20system%2C%20suggesting%20that%20SHWs%20may%20have%20contributed%20to%20the%20observed%20seagrass%20loss.%20These%20results%20document%20heatwave%20propagation%20across%20the%20pelagic-sediment%20interface%20which%20likely%20occur%20broadly%20in%20shallow%20systems%20with%20impacts%20to%20critical%20coastal%20ecosystem%20processes%20and%20species%20dynamics.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-12-15%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs12237-023-01314-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221559-2731%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-023-01314-7%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226ZQITCAR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Smith%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-09-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESmith%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20McGlathery%2C%20K.%2C%20Chen%2C%20Y.%2C%20Ewers%20Lewis%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20Doney%2C%20S.%20C.%2C%20Gedan%2C%20K.%2C%20LaRoche%2C%20C.%20K.%2C%20Berg%2C%20P.%2C%20Pace%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Zinnert%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kirwan%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282023%29.%20Compensatory%20Mechanisms%20Absorb%20Regional%20Carbon%20Losses%20Within%20a%20Rapidly%20Shifting%20Coastal%20Mosaic.%20%3Ci%3EEcosystems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10021-023-00877-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10021-023-00877-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6ZQITCAR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Compensatory%20Mechanisms%20Absorb%20Regional%20Carbon%20Losses%20Within%20a%20Rapidly%20Shifting%20Coastal%20Mosaic%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGlathery%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yaping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carolyn%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ewers%20Lewis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keryn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gedan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carly%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22LaRoche%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pace%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zinnert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirwan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Coastal%20landscapes%20are%20naturally%20shifting%20mosaics%20of%20distinct%20ecosystems%20that%20are%20rapidly%20migrating%20with%20sea-level%20rise.%20Previous%20work%20illustrates%20that%20transitions%20among%20individual%20ecosystems%20have%20disproportionate%20impacts%20on%20the%20global%20carbon%20cycle%2C%20but%20this%20cannot%20address%20nonlinear%20interactions%20between%20multiple%20ecosystems%20that%20potentially%20cascade%20across%20the%20coastal%20landscape.%20Here%2C%20we%20synthesize%20carbon%20stocks%2C%20accumulation%20rates%2C%20and%20regional%20land%20cover%20data%20over%2036%20years%20%281984%20and%202020%29%20for%20a%20variety%20of%20ecosystems%20across%20a%20large%20portion%20of%20the%20rapidly%20transgressing%20mid-Atlantic%20coast.%20The%20coastal%20landscape%20of%20the%20Virginia%20Eastern%20Shore%20consists%20of%20temperate%20forest%2C%20salt%20marsh%2C%20seagrass%20beds%2C%20barrier%20islands%2C%20and%20coastal%20lagoons.%20We%20found%20that%20rapid%20losses%20and%20gains%20within%20individual%20ecosystems%20largely%20offset%20each%20other%2C%20which%20resulted%20in%20relatively%20stable%20areas%20for%20the%20different%20ecosystems%2C%20and%20a%204%25%20%28196.9%20Gg%20C%29%20reduction%20in%20regional%20carbon%20storage.%20However%2C%20new%20metrics%20of%20carbon%20replacement%20times%20indicated%20that%20it%20would%20take%20only%5Cu2009~%5Cu20097%5Cu00a0years%20of%20carbon%20accumulation%20in%20surviving%20ecosystems%20to%20compensate%20this%20loss.%20Our%20findings%20reveal%20unique%20compensatory%20mechanisms%20at%20the%20scale%20of%20entire%20landscapes%20that%20quickly%20absorb%20losses%20and%20facilitate%20increased%20regional%20carbon%20storage%20in%20the%20face%20of%20historical%20and%20contemporary%20sea-level%20rise.%20However%2C%20the%20strength%20of%20these%20compensatory%20mechanisms%20may%20diminish%20as%20climate%20change%20exacerbates%20the%20magnitude%20of%20carbon%20losses.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-09-15%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10021-023-00877-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221435-0629%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10021-023-00877-7%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q7BMSS2D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Buelo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-08-25%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBuelo%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20Besterman%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Walter%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Pace%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Ha%2C%20D.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tassone%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282023%29.%20Quantifying%20Disturbance%20and%20Recovery%20in%20Estuaries%3A%20Tropical%20Cyclones%20and%20High-Frequency%20Measures%20of%20Oxygen%20and%20Salinity.%20%3Ci%3EEstuaries%20and%20Coasts%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-023-01255-1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-023-01255-1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQ7BMSS2D%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20Disturbance%20and%20Recovery%20in%20Estuaries%3A%20Tropical%20Cyclones%20and%20High-Frequency%20Measures%20of%20Oxygen%20and%20Salinity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buelo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Besterman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pace%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tassone%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Tropical%20cyclones%20impact%20estuaries%20via%20a%20variety%20of%20mechanisms%20including%20storm%20surge%2C%20flooding%20from%20precipitation%2C%20high%20winds%2C%20and%20strong%20wave%20action.%20Prior%20studies%20have%20documented%20disturbances%20caused%20by%20tropical%20cyclones%2C%20including%20prolonged%20periods%20of%20depressed%20salinity%20from%20high%20freshwater%20discharge%20and%20increased%20or%20decreased%20dissolved%20oxygen%20concentrations%20from%20increased%20loading%20of%20organic%20matter%20and%5C%2For%20nutrients.%20However%2C%20most%20studies%20of%20disturbance%20and%20recovery%20in%20estuaries%20have%20been%20limited%20to%20one%20or%20a%20few%20locations%20or%20storm%20events%2C%20limiting%20generalizations%20about%20tropical%20cyclone%20impacts%20and%20characteristic%20patterns%20of%20ecosystem%20response%20and%20recovery.%20We%20analyzed%20responses%20to%2059%20tropical%20cyclones%20across%2019%20estuaries%20in%20the%20eastern%20USA%20by%20applying%20a%20new%20method%20for%20detecting%20disturbance%20and%20recovery%20to%20long-term%20and%20high-frequency%20measurements%20of%20salinity%20and%20dissolved%20oxygen%20from%20NOAA%5Cu2019s%20National%20Estuarine%20Research%20Reserve%20System.%20We%20quantified%20disturbance%20occurrence%2C%20timing%2C%20recovery%20time%2C%20and%20severity.%20Salinity%20disturbances%20generally%20started%20earlier%20and%20lasted%20longer%20than%20dissolved%20oxygen%20disturbances.%20Estuaries%20usually%20recovered%20within%20days%2C%20but%20some%20disturbances%20lasted%20weeks%20or%20months.%20Recovery%20time%20was%20positively%20correlated%20with%20disturbance%20severity%20for%20both%20variables.%20Tropical%20cyclone%20properties%20%28especially%20precipitation%29%20and%20location%20characteristics%20were%20both%20related%20to%20disturbance%20characteristics.%20Our%20findings%20demonstrate%20the%20power%20of%20high-frequency%2C%20long-term%2C%20and%20cross-system%20data%2C%20when%20combined%20with%20appropriate%20statistical%20methods%2C%20for%20analyzing%20hurricanes%20across%20many%20estuaries%20to%20quantify%20disturbances.%20Estuaries%20are%20resilient%20to%20hurricanes%20for%20the%20variables%20and%20time%20periods%20considered.%20However%2C%20persistent%20impacts%20can%20potentially%20damage%20resources%20provided%20by%20estuaries%2C%20eroding%20future%20resilience%20if%20hurricanes%20become%20more%20frequent%20and%20severe.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-08-25%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs12237-023-01255-1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221559-2731%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-023-01255-1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BD9MYRYU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Buelo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-08-25%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBuelo%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20Besterman%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Walter%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Pace%2C%20M.%20L.%2C%20Ha%2C%20D.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tassone%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282023%29.%20Quantifying%20Disturbance%20and%20Recovery%20in%20Estuaries%3A%20Tropical%20Cyclones%20and%20High-Frequency%20Measures%20of%20Oxygen%20and%20Salinity.%20%3Ci%3EEstuaries%20and%20Coasts%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-023-01255-1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-023-01255-1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBD9MYRYU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20Disturbance%20and%20Recovery%20in%20Estuaries%3A%20Tropical%20Cyclones%20and%20High-Frequency%20Measures%20of%20Oxygen%20and%20Salinity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buelo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Besterman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pace%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tassone%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Tropical%20cyclones%20impact%20estuaries%20via%20a%20variety%20of%20mechanisms%20including%20storm%20surge%2C%20flooding%20from%20precipitation%2C%20high%20winds%2C%20and%20strong%20wave%20action.%20Prior%20studies%20have%20documented%20disturbances%20caused%20by%20tropical%20cyclones%2C%20including%20prolonged%20periods%20of%20depressed%20salinity%20from%20high%20freshwater%20discharge%20and%20increased%20or%20decreased%20dissolved%20oxygen%20concentrations%20from%20increased%20loading%20of%20organic%20matter%20and%5C%2For%20nutrients.%20However%2C%20most%20studies%20of%20disturbance%20and%20recovery%20in%20estuaries%20have%20been%20limited%20to%20one%20or%20a%20few%20locations%20or%20storm%20events%2C%20limiting%20generalizations%20about%20tropical%20cyclone%20impacts%20and%20characteristic%20patterns%20of%20ecosystem%20response%20and%20recovery.%20We%20analyzed%20responses%20to%2059%20tropical%20cyclones%20across%2019%20estuaries%20in%20the%20eastern%20USA%20by%20applying%20a%20new%20method%20for%20detecting%20disturbance%20and%20recovery%20to%20long-term%20and%20high-frequency%20measurements%20of%20salinity%20and%20dissolved%20oxygen%20from%20NOAA%5Cu2019s%20National%20Estuarine%20Research%20Reserve%20System.%20We%20quantified%20disturbance%20occurrence%2C%20timing%2C%20recovery%20time%2C%20and%20severity.%20Salinity%20disturbances%20generally%20started%20earlier%20and%20lasted%20longer%20than%20dissolved%20oxygen%20disturbances.%20Estuaries%20usually%20recovered%20within%20days%2C%20but%20some%20disturbances%20lasted%20weeks%20or%20months.%20Recovery%20time%20was%20positively%20correlated%20with%20disturbance%20severity%20for%20both%20variables.%20Tropical%20cyclone%20properties%20%28especially%20precipitation%29%20and%20location%20characteristics%20were%20both%20related%20to%20disturbance%20characteristics.%20Our%20findings%20demonstrate%20the%20power%20of%20high-frequency%2C%20long-term%2C%20and%20cross-system%20data%2C%20when%20combined%20with%20appropriate%20statistical%20methods%2C%20for%20analyzing%20hurricanes%20across%20many%20estuaries%20to%20quantify%20disturbances.%20Estuaries%20are%20resilient%20to%20hurricanes%20for%20the%20variables%20and%20time%20periods%20considered.%20However%2C%20persistent%20impacts%20can%20potentially%20damage%20resources%20provided%20by%20estuaries%2C%20eroding%20future%20resilience%20if%20hurricanes%20become%20more%20frequent%20and%20severe.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-08-25%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs12237-023-01255-1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221559-2731%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-023-01255-1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226HIGYS6H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-08-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EYang%2C%20J.%2C%20Dai%2C%20Z.%2C%20Lou%2C%20Y.%2C%20Mei%2C%20X.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fagherazzi%2C%20S.%20%282023%29.%20Image-based%20machine%20learning%20for%20monitoring%20the%20dynamics%20of%20deltaic%20islands%20in%20the%20Atchafalaya%20River%20Delta%20Complex%20between%201991%20and%202019.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Hydrology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E623%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20129814.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jhydrol.2023.129814%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jhydrol.2023.129814%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6HIGYS6H%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Image-based%20machine%20learning%20for%20monitoring%20the%20dynamics%20of%20deltaic%20islands%20in%20the%20Atchafalaya%20River%20Delta%20Complex%20between%201991%20and%202019%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jiangjie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhijun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yaying%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xuefei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sergio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fagherazzi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Deltaic%20islands%20are%20distinct%20hydro-environmental%20zones%20with%20global%20significance%20in%20food%20security%2C%20biodiversity%20conservation%2C%20and%20fishery%20industry.%20These%20islands%20are%20the%20fundamental%20building%20blocks%20of%20many%20river%20deltas.%20However%2C%20deltaic%20islands%20are%20facing%20severe%20challenges%20due%20to%20intensive%20anthropogenic%20activities%2C%20sea%20level%20rise%2C%20and%20climate%20change.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20dynamic%20changes%20of%20deltaic%20islands%20in%20Wax%20Lake%20Delta%20%28WLD%29%20and%20Atchafalaya%20Delta%20%28AD%29%2C%20part%20of%20the%20Atchafalaya%20River%20Delta%20Complex%20%28ARDC%29%20in%20Louisiana%2C%20USA%2C%20were%20quantified%20based%20on%20remote%20sensing%20images%20from%201991%20to%202019%20through%20a%20machine%20learning%20method.%20Results%20indicate%20a%20significant%20increase%20in%20deltaic%20islands%20area%20for%20the%20whole%20ARDC%20at%20a%20rate%20of%201.29%5Cu00a0km2%5C%2Fyr%2C%20with%20local%20expansion%20rates%20of%200.60%5Cu00a0km2%5C%2Fyr%20for%20WLD%20and%200.69%5Cu00a0km2%5C%2Fyr%20for%20AD.%20All%20three%20parts%20of%20the%20WLD%20naturally%20prograded%20seaward%2C%20with%20the%20western%20part%20%28WP%29%20and%20central%20part%20%28CP%29%20expanding%20southwestward%20to%20the%20sea%2C%20while%20the%20eastern%20part%20%28EP%29%20prograding%20southeastwards.%20Differently%20from%20WLD%2C%20the%20three%20parts%20of%20AD%20irregularly%20expanded%20seaward%20under%20the%20impacts%20of%20anthropogenic%20activities.%20The%20WP%20and%20CP%20of%20the%20AD%20expanded%20respectively%20northwestwards%20and%20southwestwards%2C%20while%20the%20EP%20remained%20stable.%20Different%20drivers%20dominate%20the%20growth%20of%20deltaic%20islands%20in%20the%20WLD%20and%20AD.%20Specifically%2C%20fluvial%20suspended%20sediment%20discharge%20and%20peak%20flow%20events%20were%20responsible%20for%20the%20shift%20in%20the%20spatial%20evolution%20of%20WLD%2C%20while%20dredging%20and%20sediment%20disposal%20contributed%20to%20the%20expansion%20of%20AD.%20Tropical%20storms%20with%20different%20intensity%20and%20landing%20locations%20caused%20short-term%20deltaic%20island%20erosion%20or%20expansion.%20Tropical%20storms%20mainly%20generated%20erosion%20on%20the%20deltaic%20islands%20of%20the%20WLD%2C%20while%20causing%20transient%20erosion%20or%20siltation%20on%20the%20deltaic%20islands%20of%20the%20AD.%20In%20addition%2C%20high-intensity%20hurricanes%20that%20made%20landfall%20east%20of%20the%20deltas%20caused%20more%20erosion%20in%20the%20AD.%20Finally%2C%20sea%20level%20rise%2C%20at%20the%20current%20rate%20of%208.17%5Cu00a0mm%5C%2Fyr%2C%20will%20not%20pose%20a%20threat%20to%20the%20deltaic%20island%20of%20WLD%2C%20while%20the%20eastern%20part%20of%20AD%20may%20be%20at%20risk%20of%20drowning.%20This%20study%20recognizes%20the%20complexity%20of%20factors%20influencing%20the%20growth%20of%20deltaic%20islands%2C%20suggesting%20that%20quantitative%20studies%20on%20the%20deltaic%20island%20extent%20are%20of%20critical%20for%20the%20restoration%20and%20sustainable%20management%20of%20the%20Mississippi%20River%20Delta%20and%20other%20deltas%20around%20the%20world.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-08-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jhydrol.2023.129814%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-1694%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0022169423007564%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QQVTG8D9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sward%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESward%2C%20R.%2C%20Philbrick%2C%20A.%2C%20Morreale%2C%20J.%2C%20Baird%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Gedan%2C%20K.%20%282023%29.%20Shrub%20expansion%20in%20maritime%20forest%20responding%20to%20sea%20level%20rise.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Forests%20and%20Global%20Change%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Fffgc.2023.1167880%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Fffgc.2023.1167880%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQQVTG8D9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Shrub%20expansion%20in%20maritime%20forest%20responding%20to%20sea%20level%20rise%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rheya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sward%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abigail%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Philbrick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morreale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cora%20Johnston%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baird%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keryn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gedan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Expansion%20of%20shrubs%20has%20been%20observed%20in%20a%20number%20of%20biomes%20and%20in%20response%20to%20diverse%20global%20change%20drivers.%20Noting%20shrub%20expansion%20in%20coastal%20forests%20affected%20by%20sea%20level%20rise%2C%20we%20began%20to%20monitor%20shrub%20populations%20in%20a%20transgressing%20loblolly%20pine%20forest%20in%20coastal%20Virginia.%20Forest%20study%20plots%20spanned%20a%20gradient%20of%20salinity%20and%20progression%20toward%20a%20ghost%20forest%20state%2C%20from%20high%20forest%20with%20a%20relatively%20closed%20canopy%2C%20to%20mid%20and%20low%20forest%2C%20where%20there%20were%20few%20remaining%20live%20canopy%20trees.%20Shrubs%20of%20the%20species%20Morella%20cerifera%20were%20censused%20for%203%20years%20from%202019%20to%202021.%20Shrub%20distributions%20were%20compared%20to%20distributions%20of%20the%20invasive%20grass%20Phragmites%20australis%20to%20test%20if%20competition%20with%20this%20invasive%20species%20played%20a%20role%20in%20the%20observed%20shrub%20distribution.%20Shrubs%20were%20most%20abundant%20in%20the%20mid%20forest%2C%20whereas%20P.%20australis%20was%20most%20abundant%20in%20the%20low%20forest%2C%20but%20we%20did%20not%20detect%20a%20negative%20correlation%20between%20changes%20in%20occupancy%20of%20P.%20australis%20and%20shrubs.%20Rapid%20growth%20of%20shrubs%20in%20the%20mid%20and%20high%20forest%20radically%20changed%20the%20forest%20understory%20structure%20during%20the%20study%20period.%20Basal%20area%20of%20shrubs%20in%20the%20mid%20and%20high%20forest%20tripled%2C%20and%20shrub%20occupancy%20increased%20from%2045%20to%2066%25%20in%20the%20high%20forest%2C%20with%20high%20patchiness%20between%20plots.%20A%20flooding%20event%20salinized%20the%20site%20in%20late%202019%2C%20during%20the%20study.%20Following%20the%20flood%2C%20soil%20porewater%20salinities%20in%20the%20low%20forest%20remained%20above%20levels%20known%20to%20cause%20mortality%20in%20M.%20cerifera%20for%20several%20months.%20We%20postulate%20that%20high%20salinity%2C%20rather%20than%20competition%20with%20P.%20australis%2C%20filters%20M.%20cerifera%20from%20the%20low%20forest%2C%20whereas%20moderate%20salinity%20in%20the%20mid%20and%20high%20forest%20favors%20M.%20cerifera%20growth%20and%20expansion.%20The%20increase%20in%20shrubs%20appears%20to%20be%20a%20hallmark%20of%20salt-affected%20maritime%20forest%2C%20with%20the%20shrub%20front%20occurring%20in%20advance%20of%20other%20indicators%20of%20transgression%20such%20as%20P.%20australis%20invasion.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-May-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Fffgc.2023.1167880%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222624-893X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Fffgc.2023.1167880%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AKGY7GPW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Valentine%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-03-13%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EValentine%2C%20K.%2C%20Herbert%2C%20E.%20R.%2C%20Walters%2C%20D.%20C.%2C%20Chen%2C%20Y.%2C%20Smith%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kirwan%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282023%29.%20Climate-driven%20tradeoffs%20between%20landscape%20connectivity%20and%20the%20maintenance%20of%20the%20coastal%20carbon%20sink.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Communications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201137.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-023-36803-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-023-36803-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAKGY7GPW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Climate-driven%20tradeoffs%20between%20landscape%20connectivity%20and%20the%20maintenance%20of%20the%20coastal%20carbon%20sink%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kendall%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valentine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ellen%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herbert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walters%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yaping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirwan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ecosystem%20connectivity%20tends%20to%20increase%20the%20resilience%20and%20function%20of%20ecosystems%20responding%20to%20stressors.%20Coastal%20ecosystems%20sequester%20disproportionately%20large%20amounts%20of%20carbon%2C%20but%20rapid%20exchange%20of%20water%2C%20nutrients%2C%20and%20sediment%20makes%20them%20vulnerable%20to%20sea%20level%20rise%20and%20coastal%20erosion.%20Individual%20components%20of%20the%20coastal%20landscape%20%28i.e.%2C%20marsh%2C%20forest%2C%20bay%29%20have%20contrasting%20responses%20to%20sea%20level%20rise%2C%20making%20it%20difficult%20to%20forecast%20the%20response%20of%20the%20integrated%20coastal%20carbon%20sink.%20Here%20we%20couple%20a%20spatially-explicit%20geomorphic%20model%20with%20a%20point-based%20carbon%20accumulation%20model%2C%20and%20show%20that%20landscape%20connectivity%2C%20in-situ%20carbon%20accumulation%20rates%2C%20and%20the%20size%20of%20the%20landscape-scale%20coastal%20carbon%20stock%20all%20peak%20at%20intermediate%20sea%20level%20rise%20rates%20despite%20divergent%20responses%20of%20individual%20components.%20Progressive%20loss%20of%20forest%20biomass%20under%20increasing%20sea%20level%20rise%20leads%20to%20a%20shift%20from%20a%20system%20dominated%20by%20forest%20biomass%20carbon%20towards%20one%20dominated%20by%20marsh%20soil%20carbon%20that%20is%20maintained%20by%20substantial%20recycling%20of%20organic%20carbon%20between%20marshes%20and%20bays.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20climate%20change%20strengthens%20connectivity%20between%20adjacent%20coastal%20ecosystems%2C%20but%20with%20tradeoffs%20that%20include%20a%20shift%20towards%20more%20labile%20carbon%2C%20smaller%20marsh%20and%20forest%20extents%2C%20and%20the%20accumulation%20of%20carbon%20in%20portions%20of%20the%20landscape%20more%20vulnerable%20to%20sea%20level%20rise%20and%20erosion.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-03-13%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41467-023-36803-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222041-1723%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-023-36803-7%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223M26CWHZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wittyngham%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWittyngham%2C%20S.%20S.%2C%20Carey%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Johnson%2C%20D.%20S.%20%282023%29.%20Resource%20availability%20and%20plant%20age%20drive%20defense%20against%20herbivory%20in%20salt%20marshes.%20%3Ci%3EOikos%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E2023%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%20e09672.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Foik.09672%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Foik.09672%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3M26CWHZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Resource%20availability%20and%20plant%20age%20drive%20defense%20against%20herbivory%20in%20salt%20marshes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Serina%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wittyngham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joanna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20Samuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20resource-availability%20hypothesis%20%28RAH%29%20and%20the%20intraspecific%20RAH%20%28RAHintra%29%2C%20posit%20that%20resources%2C%20%28i.e.%20nutrients%29%20control%20plant%20antiherbivore%20defenses.%20Both%20hypotheses%20predict%20that%20in%20low-resource%20environments%2C%20plant%20growth%20is%20slow%2C%20and%20constitutive%20defense%20is%20high.%20In%20high-resource%20environments%2C%20however%2C%20the%20RAH%20predicts%20that%20plant%20growth%20is%20fast%2C%20and%20constitutive%20defense%20is%20low%2C%20whereas%20the%20RAHintra%20predicts%20that%20increased%20resources%20attract%20more%20herbivores%2C%20and%20this%20intensified%20grazing%20pressure%20leads%20to%20high%20constitutive%20defense.%20Salt%20marshes%20are%20nutrient-limited%20ecosystems%20threatened%20by%20eutrophication%20and%20chronic%20herbivory%2C%20yet%20we%20know%20little%20about%20how%20these%20stressors%20shape%20saltmarsh%20plant%20antiherbivore%20defenses%2C%20which%20influence%20trophic%20interactions%20and%20ecosystem%20resilience.%20We%20manipulated%20resource%20availability%20via%20nutrient%20addition%20and%20herbivory%20via%20the%20marsh%20periwinkle%20Littoraria%20irrorata%2C%20on%20the%20saltmarsh%20foundation%20species%20Spartina%20alterniflora%2C%20in%20mesocosms.%20Because%20plant%20age%20can%20also%20influence%20trait%20variation%2C%20we%20measured%20traits%20in%20both%20original%20and%20clonally-grown%20new%20stems.%20Feeding%20assays%20then%20evaluated%20how%20treatments%20and%20plant%20age%20affected%20subsequent%20Littoraria%20consumption%20of%20Spartina.%20Nutrient%20addition%20stimulated%20growth%2C%20while%20decreasing%20defensive%20traits%20%28e.g.%20fiber%20and%20silica%20content%29%2C%20following%20the%20RAH.%20Herbivory%20enhanced%20belowground%20production%20and%20increased%20stem%20diameter%2C%20yet%20did%20not%20induce%20defensive%20traits%2C%20contrary%20to%20our%20expectations.%20Herbivory%20plus%20nutrients%20increased%20Spartina%20biomass%20and%20reduced%20phenolics%2C%20a%20defensive%20trait%2C%20further%20supporting%20the%20RAH.%20Regardless%20of%20treatment%2C%20clonally-grown%20new%20stems%20had%20greater%20variation%20in%20measured%20traits.%20Despite%20altered%20traits%2C%20however%2C%20treatments%20and%20plant%20age%20did%20not%20affect%20Littoraria%20consumption.%20Our%20results%20support%20the%20RAH%20and%20part%20of%20the%20RAHintra%20and%20suggest%3A%201%29%20nutrient%20availability%20is%20a%20primary%20driver%20of%20plant%20trait%20change%20and%202%29%20plant%20age%20controls%20the%20magnitude%20of%20trait%20variation%20in%20Spartina.%20Further%2C%20our%20findings%20indicate%20that%20eutrophic%20conditions%20may%20not%20always%20increase%20top%5Cu2012down%20control%20by%20herbivores%2C%20and%20in%20some%20instances%20can%20enhance%20saltmarsh%20resilience%20against%20sea-level%20rise%20via%20stimulated%20Spartina%20biomass%20production.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Foik.09672%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220030-1299%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Foik.09672%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226GQ3T6DV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wiberg%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWiberg%2C%20P.%20L.%20%282023%29.%20Temperature%20amplification%20and%20marine%20heatwave%20alteration%20in%20shallow%20coastal%20bays.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201129295.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2023.1129295%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2023.1129295%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6GQ3T6DV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Temperature%20amplification%20and%20marine%20heatwave%20alteration%20in%20shallow%20coastal%20bays%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patricia%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wiberg%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Shallow%20coastal%20ecosystems%20are%20threatened%20by%20marine%20heatwaves%2C%20but%20few%20long-term%20records%20exist%20to%20quantify%20these%20heatwaves.%20Here%2C%2040-year%20records%20of%20measured%20water%20temperature%20were%20constructed%20for%20a%20site%20in%20a%20system%20of%20shallow%20bays%20with%20documented%20heatwave%20impacts%20and%20a%20nearby%20ocean%20site%3B%20available%20gridded%20sea-surface%20temperature%20datasets%20in%20the%20region%20were%20also%20examined.%20Water%20temperatures%20at%20both%20sites%20increased%20significantly%20though%20bay%20temperatures%20were%20consistently%203-4%5Cu00b0C%20hotter%20in%20summer%20and%20colder%20in%20winter%20and%20were%20more%20variable%20overall%2C%20differences%20not%20captured%20in%20high-resolution%20gridded%20sea-surface%20temperature%20datasets.%20There%20was%20considerable%20overlap%20in%20heatwave%20events%20at%20the%20coastal%20bay%20and%20ocean%20sites.%20Annual%20heatwave%20exposure%20was%20similar%20and%20significantly%20increased%20at%20both%20sites%20while%20annual%20heatwave%20intensity%20was%20significantly%20higher%20at%20the%20bay%20site%20owing%20to%20the%20high%20variance%20of%20the%20daily%20temperature%20anomaly%20there.%20Event%20frequency%20at%20both%20sites%20increased%20at%20a%20rate%20of%20about%201%20event%5C%2Fdecade.%20Future%20simulations%20indicate%20all%20heatwave%20metrics%20increase%2C%20as%20do%20days%20above%2028%5Cu00b0C%2C%20a%20heat%20stress%20threshold%20for%20seagrass.%20Ocean%20temperatures%20on%20the%20U.S.%20mid-Atlantic%20margin%20have%20rarely%20exceeded%20this%20threshold%2C%20while%20summer%20bay%20temperatures%20commonly%20do%2C%20allowing%20ocean%20exchange%20with%20coastal%20bays%20to%20provide%20thermal%20relief%20to%20bay%20ecosystems.%20This%20will%20have%20changed%20by%202100%2C%20creating%20a%20thermal%20environment%20that%20threatens%20seagrass%20communities%20in%20these%20systems.%20Documenting%20such%20change%20requires%20development%20of%20long-term%20water%20temperature%20records%20in%20more%20shallow%20coastal%20systems.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2023.1129295%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-7745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2023.1129295%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Y5PTZ6Y3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wisnoski%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWisnoski%2C%20N.%20I.%2C%20Andrade%2C%20R.%2C%20Castorani%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Catano%2C%20C.%20P.%2C%20Compagnoni%2C%20A.%2C%20Lamy%2C%20T.%2C%20Lany%2C%20N.%20K.%2C%20Marazzi%2C%20L.%2C%20Record%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Smith%2C%20A.%20C.%20%282023%29.%20Diversity%26%23x2013%3Bstability%20relationships%20across%20organism%20groups%20and%20ecosystem%20types%20become%20decoupled%20across%20spatial%20scales.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E104%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%20e4136.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.4136%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.4136%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DY5PTZ6Y3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Diversity%5Cu2013stability%20relationships%20across%20organism%20groups%20and%20ecosystem%20types%20become%20decoupled%20across%20spatial%20scales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%20I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wisnoski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Riley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Andrade%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Max%20CN%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castorani%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Catano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aldo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Compagnoni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lamy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nina%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lany%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marazzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sydne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Record%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Annie%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fecy.4136%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220012-9658%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.4136%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229GQ6T64H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tassone%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETassone%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282023%29.%20%3Ci%3EQuantifying%20Heatwaves%20and%20Seagrass%20Recovery%20Dynamics%20in%20Aquatic%20Ecosystems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%2810.18130%5C%2F0vkc-jj16%29%20%5BUniversity%20of%20Virginia%5D.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2F0vkc-jj16%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2F0vkc-jj16%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9GQ6T64H%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20Heatwaves%20and%20Seagrass%20Recovery%20Dynamics%20in%20Aquatic%20Ecosystems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22contributor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pace%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Spencer%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tassone%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Increasing%20climatic%20variability%20has%20amplified%20the%20frequency%20of%20pulsed%20disturbance%20events%2C%20including%20extremes%20in%20temperature.%20These%20discrete%20periods%20of%20anomalously%20high%20temperature%2C%20referred%20to%20as%20heatwaves%2C%20have%20gained%20attention%20due%20to%20their%20destructive%20and%20lasting%20impacts%20relative%20to%20longer-term%20increases%20in%20mean%20temperature.%20Heatwaves%20in%20the%20open%20and%20coastal%20oceans%20have%20increased%20in%20frequency%2C%20duration%2C%20and%20magnitude%20in%20recent%20decades%2C%20occasionally%20producing%20mass%20mortality%20and%20regime%20shifts.%20While%20positive%20water%20temperature%20trends%20have%20been%20documented%20in%20many%20inland%20waterways%2C%20heatwaves%20in%20lotic%20systems%20have%20not%20been%20analyzed.%20In%20this%20dissertation%2C%20I%20quantified%20trends%20in%20heatwaves%20for%20rivers%2C%20estuaries%2C%20and%20coastal%20sediments.%20I%20also%20conducted%20a%20seagrass%20removal%20experiment%20to%20test%20seagrass%20resilience%20%28i.e.%2C%20recovery%20rate%29%20to%20a%20heatwave-like%20disturbance%20event%20and%20synthesized%20related%20studies%20on%20seagrass%20recovery%20following%20disturbance.%5Cn%5CnRiverine%20heatwaves%20increased%20in%20frequency%20throughout%20the%20United%20States%20over%20the%20period%201996-2021.%20Lotic%20heatwaves%20varied%20based%20on%20atmospheric%20temperature%2C%20discharge%2C%20stream%20order%2C%20and%20position%20relative%20to%20a%20reservoir.%20There%20were%20no%20significant%20trends%20in%20estuarine%20heatwaves%20based%20on%20analyses%20of%2017%20sites%20from%201996%20to%202019.%20However%2C%20estuarine%20heatwaves%20co-occurred%20with%20deleterious%20water%20quality%20conditions%20such%20as%20extreme%20low%20dissolved%20oxygen%20and%20acidic%20pH%20events.%20Within%20the%20Virginia%20Coastal%20Reserve%20%28VCR%29%20over%20the%20period%201994-2022%2C%20coastal%20sediment%20heatwaves%20increased%20in%20frequency%20at%20a%20depth%20of%205%20cm%20and%20were%20tightly%20coupled%20with%20water%20column%20heatwaves.%5Cn%5CnSeagrasses%20were%20removed%20from%20replicated%20plots%20at%20two%20locations%20within%20a%20large%20VCR%20meadow.%20Seagrass%20recovery%20was%20faster%20at%20the%20meadow%20interior%20relative%20to%20the%20edge%2C%20likely%20due%20to%20greater%20hydrodynamic%20stress%20at%20the%20meadow%20edge.%20Seagrass%20recovered%20linearly%2C%20independent%20of%20position%20within%20the%20meadow%2C%20and%20were%20facilitated%20by%20lateral%20clonal%20growth%20and%20seedling%20recruitment.%20Lastly%2C%20the%20literature%20synthesis%20provided%20evidence%20that%2047%25%20of%20known%20seagrass%20species%20have%20been%20included%20in%20English%20language%20disturbance-recovery%20studies%20but%20that%20the%20majority%20of%20studies%20have%20occurred%20in%20monocultures%20of%20the%20genus%20Zostera.%20Experimental%20disturbances%20were%20most%20often%20conducted%20on%20relatively%20small%20spatial%20scales%20%28median%20%3D%200.25%20m2%29%2C%20likely%20overrepresenting%20the%20contribution%20of%20lateral%20clonal%20growth%20and%20underrepresenting%20the%20effect%20of%20hydrodynamics%20that%20larger%20disturbances%20experience.%5Cn%5CnThis%20dissertation%20shows%20how%20climate%20change%20signals%20are%20manifesting%20in%20aquatic%20ecosystems.%20My%20findings%20provide%20an%20assessment%20of%20heatwaves%20in%20rivers%2C%20estuaries%2C%20and%20coastal%20sediments%20and%20the%20largest-scale%20experimental%20analysis%20of%20seagrass%20recovery.%20These%20studies%20suggests%20that%20key%20ecosystem%20services%20such%20as%20maintaining%20high%20water%20quality%20and%20high%20carbon%20sequestration%20could%20be%20reduced%20as%20heatwaves%20and%20disturbances%20become%20more%20frequent%20in%20coastal%20areas%20with%20a%20warming%20climate.%20Lastly%2C%20my%20dissertation%20highlights%20the%20value%20of%20long-term%20monitoring%20in%20establishing%20baseline%20assessments%20that%20inform%20ecosystem%20management.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22University%20of%20Virginia%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2F0vkc-jj16%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ME6LQY26%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Smith%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESmith%2C%20R.%20S.%2C%20Cheng%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Castorani%2C%20M.%20C.%20%282023%29.%20Meta%26%23x2010%3Banalysis%20of%20ecosystem%20services%20associated%20with%20oyster%20restoration.%20%3Ci%3EConservation%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E37%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20e13966.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fcobi.13966%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fcobi.13966%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DME6LQY26%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Meta%5Cu2010analysis%20of%20ecosystem%20services%20associated%20with%20oyster%20restoration%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Selina%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Max%20CN%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castorani%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fcobi.13966%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220888-8892%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fcobi.13966%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BFPL8NIZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Smith%20and%20Castorani%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESmith%2C%20R.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Castorani%2C%20M.%20C.%20%282023%29.%20Meta%26%23x2010%3Banalysis%20reveals%20drivers%20of%20restoration%20success%20for%20oysters%20and%20reef%20community.%20%3Ci%3EEcological%20Applications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20e2865.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Feap.2865%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Feap.2865%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBFPL8NIZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Meta%5Cu2010analysis%20reveals%20drivers%20of%20restoration%20success%20for%20oysters%20and%20reef%20community%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Max%20CN%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castorani%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Feap.2865%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221051-0761%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Feap.2865%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223GE4FB38%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Reeves%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EReeves%2C%20I.%20R.%20B.%2C%20Moore%2C%20L.%20J.%2C%20Valentine%2C%20K.%2C%20Fagherazzi%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kirwan%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282023%29.%20Sediment%20Exchange%20Across%20Coastal%20Barrier%20Landscapes%20Alters%20Ecosystem%20Extents.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E50%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2814%29%2C%20e2023GL103680.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023GL103680%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023GL103680%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3GE4FB38%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sediment%20Exchange%20Across%20Coastal%20Barrier%20Landscapes%20Alters%20Ecosystem%20Extents%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%20R.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reeves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valentine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fagherazzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirwan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20Barrier%20coastlines%20and%20their%20associated%20ecosystems%20are%20rapidly%20changing.%20Barrier%20islands%5C%2Fspits%2C%20marshes%2C%20bays%2C%20and%20coastal%20forests%20are%20all%20thought%20to%20be%20intricately%20coupled%2C%20yet%20an%20understanding%20of%20how%20morphologic%20change%20in%20one%20part%20of%20the%20system%20affects%20the%20system%20altogether%20remains%20limited.%20Here%20we%20explore%20how%20sediment%20exchange%20controls%20the%20migration%20of%20different%20ecosystem%20boundaries%20and%20ecosystem%20extent%20over%20time%20using%20a%20new%20coupled%20model%20framework%20that%20connects%20components%20of%20the%20entire%20barrier%20landscape%2C%20from%20the%20ocean%20shoreface%20to%20mainland%20forest.%20In%20our%20experiments%2C%20landward%20barrier%20migration%20is%20the%20primary%20cause%20of%20back-barrier%20marsh%20loss%2C%20while%20periods%20of%20barrier%20stability%20can%20allow%20for%20recovery%20of%20back-barrier%20marsh%20extent.%20Although%20sea-level%20rise%20exerts%20a%20dominant%20control%20on%20the%20extent%20of%20most%20ecosystems%2C%20we%20unexpectedly%20find%20that%2C%20for%20undeveloped%20barriers%2C%20bay%20extent%20is%20largely%20insensitive%20to%20sea-level%20rise%20because%20increased%20landward%20barrier%20migration%20%28bay%20narrowing%29%20offsets%20increased%20marsh%20edge%20erosion%20%28bay%20widening%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2023GL103680%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023GL103680%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226E87WU56%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nur%20and%20Bachmann%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENur%2C%20N.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bachmann%2C%20C.%20M.%20%282023%29.%20Comparison%20of%20Soil%20Moisture%20Content%20Retrieval%20Models%20Utilizing%20Hyperspectral%20Goniometer%20Data%20and%20Hyperspectral%20Imagery%20From%20an%20Unmanned%20Aerial%20System.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E128%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20e2023JG007381.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JG007381%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JG007381%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6E87WU56%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Comparison%20of%20Soil%20Moisture%20Content%20Retrieval%20Models%20Utilizing%20Hyperspectral%20Goniometer%20Data%20and%20Hyperspectral%20Imagery%20From%20an%20Unmanned%20Aerial%20System%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nayma%20Binte%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charles%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bachmann%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20To%20understand%20surface%20biogeophysical%20processes%2C%20accurately%20evaluating%20the%20geographical%20and%20temporal%20fluctuations%20of%20soil%20moisture%20is%20crucial.%20It%20is%20well%20known%20that%20the%20surface%20soil%20moisture%20content%20%28SMC%29%20affects%20soil%20reflectance%20at%20all%20solar%20spectrum%20wavelengths.%20Therefore%2C%20future%20satellite%20missions%2C%20such%20as%20the%20NASA%20Surface%20Biology%20and%20Geology%20mission%2C%20will%20be%20essential%20for%20mapping%20and%20monitoring%20global%20soil%20moisture%20changes.%20Our%20study%20compares%20two%20widely%20used%20moisture%20retrieval%20models%3A%20the%20multilayer%20radiative%20transfer%20model%20of%20soil%20reflectance%20%28MARMIT%29%20and%20the%20soil%20water%20parametric%20%28SWAP%29-Hapke%20model.%20We%20evaluated%20the%20SMC%20retrieval%20accuracy%20of%20these%20models%20using%20unmanned%20aerial%20systems%20%28UAS%29%20hyperspectral%20imagery%20and%20goniometer%20hyperspectral%20data.%20Laboratory%20analysis%20employed%20hyperspectral%20goniometer%20data%20of%20sediment%20samples%20from%20four%20locations%20reflecting%20diverse%20environments%2C%20while%20field%20validation%20used%20hyperspectral%20UAS%20imaging%20and%20coordinated%20ground%20truth%20collected%20in%202018%20and%202019%20from%20a%20barrier%20island%20beach%20at%20the%20Virginia%20Coast%20Reserve%20Long-Term%20Ecological%20Research%20site.%20The%20%28SWAP%29-Hapke%20model%20achieves%20comparable%20accuracy%20to%20MARMIT%20using%20laboratory%20hyperspectral%20data%20but%20is%20less%20accurate%20when%20applied%20to%20UAS%20hyperspectral%20imagery%20than%20the%20MARMIT%20model.%20We%20proposed%20a%20modified%20version%20of%20the%20%28SWAP%29-Hapke%20model%2C%20which%20achieves%20better%20results%20than%20MARMIT%20when%20applied%20to%20laboratory%20spectral%20measurements%3B%20however%2C%20MARMIT%27s%20performance%20is%20still%20more%20accurate%20when%20applied%20to%20UAS%20imagery.%20These%20results%20are%20likely%20due%20to%20differences%20in%20the%20models%27%20descriptions%20of%20multiply-scattered%20light%20and%20MARMIT%27s%20more%20detailed%20description%20of%20air-water%20interactions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2023JG007381%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-8953%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JG007381%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224A4IB8VP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELang%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20Luis%2C%20K.%20M.%20A.%2C%20Doney%2C%20S.%20C.%2C%20Cronin-Golomb%2C%20O.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Castorani%2C%20M.%20C.%20N.%20%282023%29.%20Modeling%20Coastal%20Water%20Clarity%20Using%20Landsat-8%20and%20Sentinel-2.%20%3Ci%3EEarth%20and%20Space%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E10%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20e2022EA002579.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022EA002579%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022EA002579%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4A4IB8VP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modeling%20Coastal%20Water%20Clarity%20Using%20Landsat-8%20and%20Sentinel-2%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kelly%20M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cronin-Golomb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Max%20C.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castorani%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20Understanding%20and%20attributing%20changes%20to%20water%20quality%20is%20essential%20to%20the%20study%20and%20management%20of%20coastal%20ecosystems%20and%20the%20ecological%20functions%20they%20sustain%20%28e.g.%2C%20primary%20productivity%2C%20predation%2C%20and%20submerged%20aquatic%20vegetation%20growth%29.%20However%2C%20describing%20patterns%20of%20water%20clarity%5Cu2014a%20key%20aspect%20of%20water%20quality%5Cu2014over%20meaningful%20scales%20in%20space%20and%20time%20is%20challenged%20by%20high%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20variability%20due%20to%20natural%20and%20anthropogenic%20processes.%20Regionally%20tuned%20satellite%20algorithms%20can%20provide%20a%20more%20complete%20understanding%20of%20coastal%20water%20clarity%20changes%20and%20drivers.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20used%20open-access%20satellite%20data%20and%20low-cost%20in%20situ%20methods%20to%20improve%20estimates%20of%20water%20clarity%20in%20an%20optically%20complex%20coastal%20water%20body.%20Specifically%2C%20we%20created%20a%20remote%20sensing%20water%20clarity%20product%20by%20compiling%20Landsat-8%20and%20Sentinel-2%20reflectance%20data%20with%20long-term%20Secchi%20depth%20measurements%20at%2012%20sites%20over%208%5Cu00a0years%20in%20a%20shallow%20turbid%20coastal%20lagoon%20system%20in%20Virginia%2C%20USA.%20Our%20satellite-based%20model%20explained%20%5Cu223c33%25%20of%20the%20variation%20in%20in%20situ%20water%20clarity.%20Our%20approach%20increases%20the%20spatiotemporal%20coverage%20of%20in%20situ%20water%20clarity%20data%20and%20improves%20estimates%20from%20bio-optical%20algorithms%20that%20overpredicted%20water%20clarity.%20This%20could%20lead%20to%20a%20better%20understanding%20of%20water%20clarity%20changes%20and%20drivers%20to%20better%20predict%20how%20water%20quality%20will%20change%20in%20the%20future.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022EA002579%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222333-5084%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022EA002579%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IRZSYEYD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Halpern%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHalpern%2C%20B.%20S.%2C%20Boettiger%2C%20C.%2C%20Dietze%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Gephart%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Gonzalez%2C%20P.%2C%20Grimm%2C%20N.%20B.%2C%20Groffman%2C%20P.%20M.%2C%20Gurevitch%2C%20J.%2C%20Hobbie%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Komatsu%2C%20K.%20J.%20%282023%29.%20Priorities%20for%20synthesis%20research%20in%20ecology%20and%20environmental%20science.%20%3Ci%3EEcosphere%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20e4342.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecs2.4342%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecs2.4342%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIRZSYEYD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Priorities%20for%20synthesis%20research%20in%20ecology%20and%20environmental%20science%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Halpern%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boettiger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dietze%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gephart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gonzalez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nancy%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grimm%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Groffman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gurevitch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hobbie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kimberly%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Komatsu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fecs2.4342%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222150-8925%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecs2.4342%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222F5G9MII%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nordio%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENordio%2C%20G.%2C%20Frederiks%2C%20R.%2C%20Hingst%2C%20M.%2C%20Carr%2C%20J.%2C%20Kirwan%2C%20M.%2C%20Gedan%2C%20K.%2C%20Michael%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fagherazzi%2C%20S.%20%282023%29.%20Frequent%20Storm%20Surges%20Affect%20the%20Groundwater%20of%20Coastal%20Ecosystems.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E50%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20e2022GL100191.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GL100191%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GL100191%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2F5G9MII%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Frequent%20Storm%20Surges%20Affect%20the%20Groundwater%20of%20Coastal%20Ecosystems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giovanna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nordio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frederiks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hingst%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matt%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirwan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Keryn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gedan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Holly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michael%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sergio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fagherazzi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20Recent%20studies%20have%20focused%20on%20the%20effect%20of%20large%20tropical%20cyclones%20%28hurricanes%29%20on%20the%20shore%2C%20neglecting%20the%20role%20of%20less%20intense%20but%20more%20frequent%20events.%20Here%20we%20analyze%20the%20effect%20of%20the%20offshore%20tropical%20storm%20Melissa%20on%20groundwater%20data%20collected%20along%20the%20North%20America%20Atlantic%20coast.%20Our%20meta-analysis%20indicates%20that%20both%20groundwater%20level%20and%20specific%20conductivity%20significantly%20increased%20during%20Melissa%2C%20respectively%20reaching%20maximum%20values%20of%201.09%5Cu00a0m%20and%2025.2%5Cu00a0mS%5C%2Fcm%20above%20pre-storm%20levels.%20Time%20to%20recover%20to%20pre-storm%20levels%20was%2010%20times%20greater%20for%20groundwater%20specific%20conductivity%2C%20with%20a%20median%20value%20of%2020%5Cu00a0days%2C%20while%20groundwater%20level%20had%20a%20median%20recovery%20time%20of%202%5Cu00a0days.%20A%20frequency-magnitude%20analysis%20indicates%20that%20the%20percent%20of%20time%20with%20salinization%20is%20higher%20for%20Melissa%20than%20for%20energetic%20hurricanes.%20Given%20the%20high%20frequency%20of%20these%20events%20%28return%20period%20of%201%5Cu20132%5Cu00a0years%29%2C%20and%20the%20long%20time%20needed%20for%20groundwater%20conditions%20to%20return%20to%20normal%20levels%2C%20we%20conclude%20that%20increasingly%20frequent%20moderate%20storms%20will%20have%20a%20significant%20impact%20on%20the%20ecology%20of%20vegetated%20shorelines.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022GL100191%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GL100191%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IDQ94PX8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nordio%20and%20Fagherazzi%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENordio%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fagherazzi%2C%20S.%20%282023%29.%20Recovery%20of%20salt%20marsh%20vegetation%20after%20ice-rafting.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E710%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2057%26%23x2013%3B70.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps14294%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps14294%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIDQ94PX8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Recovery%20of%20salt%20marsh%20vegetation%20after%20ice-rafting%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giovanna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nordio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sergio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fagherazzi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3354%5C%2Fmeps14294%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220171-8630%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z4QQYTU4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hardison%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHardison%2C%20S.%20B.%2C%20McGlathery%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Castorani%2C%20M.%20C.%20N.%20%282023%29.%20Effects%20of%20seagrass%20restoration%20on%20coastal%20fish%20abundance%20and%20diversity.%20%3Ci%3EConservation%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3En%5C%2Fa%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28n%5C%2Fa%29%2C%20e14147.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fcobi.14147%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fcobi.14147%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZ4QQYTU4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20seagrass%20restoration%20on%20coastal%20fish%20abundance%20and%20diversity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sean%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hardison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGlathery%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Max%20C.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castorani%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20Restoration%20is%20accelerating%20to%20reverse%20global%20declines%20of%20key%20habitats%20and%20recover%20lost%20ecosystem%20functions%2C%20particularly%20in%20coastal%20ecosystems.%20However%2C%20there%20is%20high%20uncertainty%20about%20the%20long-term%20capacity%20of%20restored%20ecosystems%20to%20provide%20habitat%20and%20increase%20biodiversity%20and%20the%20degree%20to%20which%20these%20ecosystem%20services%20are%20mediated%20by%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20environmental%20variability.%20We%20addressed%20these%20gaps%20by%20sampling%20fishes%20biannually%20for%205%5Cu20137%20years%20%282012%5Cu20132018%29%20at%2016%20sites%20inside%20and%20outside%20a%20rapidly%20expanding%20restored%20seagrass%20meadow%20in%20coastal%20Virginia%20%28USA%29.%20Despite%20substantial%20among-year%20variation%20in%20abundance%20and%20species%20composition%2C%20seine%20catches%20in%20restored%20seagrass%20beds%20were%20consistently%20larger%20%286.4%20times%20more%20fish%2C%20p%5Cu00a0%3C%5Cu00a00.001%29%20and%20more%20speciose%20%282.6%20times%20greater%20species%20richness%2C%20p%5Cu00a0%3C%5Cu00a00.001%3B%203.1%20times%20greater%20Hill%5Cu2013Shannon%20diversity%2C%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.03%29%20than%20seine%20catches%20in%20adjacent%20unvegetated%20areas.%20Catches%20were%20particularly%20larger%20during%20summer%20than%20autumn%20%28p%5Cu00a0%3C%5Cu00a00.01%29.%20Structural%20equation%20modeling%20revealed%20that%20depth%20and%20water%20residence%20time%20interacted%20to%20control%20seagrass%20presence%2C%20leading%20to%20higher%20fish%20abundance%20and%20richness%20in%20shallow%2C%20well-flushed%20areas%20that%20supported%20seagrass.%20Together%2C%20our%20results%20indicate%20that%20seagrass%20restoration%20yields%20large%20and%20consistent%20benefits%20for%20many%20coastal%20fishes%2C%20but%20that%20restoration%20and%20its%20benefits%20are%20sensitive%20to%20the%20dynamic%20seascapes%20in%20which%20restoration%20is%20conducted.%20Consideration%20of%20how%20seascape-scale%20environmental%20variability%20affects%20the%20success%20of%20habitat%20restoration%20and%20subsequent%20ecosystem%20function%20will%20improve%20restoration%20outcomes%20and%20the%20provisioning%20of%20ecosystem%20services.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fcobi.14147%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220888-8892%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fconbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fcobi.14147%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222E2KW9CX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Donatelli%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDonatelli%2C%20C.%2C%20Passalacqua%2C%20P.%2C%20Wright%2C%20K.%2C%20Salter%2C%20G.%2C%20Lamb%2C%20M.%20P.%2C%20Jensen%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fagherazzi%2C%20S.%20%282023%29.%20Quantifying%20Flow%20Velocities%20in%20River%20Deltas%20via%20Remotely%20Sensed%20Suspended%20Sediment%20Concentration.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E50%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20e2022GL101392.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GL101392%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GL101392%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2E2KW9CX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20Flow%20Velocities%20in%20River%20Deltas%20via%20Remotely%20Sensed%20Suspended%20Sediment%20Concentration%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carmine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donatelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paola%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Passalacqua%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lamb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jensen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sergio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fagherazzi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20Deltas%20are%20fragile%20ecosystems%20threatened%20by%20sea-level%20rise%2C%20sediment%20starvation%2C%20and%20subsidence.%20Erosional%5C%2Fdepositional%20processes%20in%20these%20systems%20mainly%20depend%20on%20the%20sediment%20supply%20and%20the%20spatial%20divergence%20in%20bed%20shear%20stress%20induced%20by%20hydrodynamic%20forces.%20Thus%2C%20quantifying%20the%20spatiotemporal%20variability%20of%20the%20flow%20velocity%20field%20is%20essential%20for%20forecasting%20their%20fate.%20To%20calibrate%5C%2Fvalidate%20models%2C%20field%20measurements%20alone%20are%20not%20sufficient%20because%20such%20data%20only%20characterize%20the%20hydrodynamic%20conditions%20in%20localized%20areas.%20Remote%20sensing%20has%20potential%20to%20fill%20this%20data%20gap.%20We%20developed%20a%20methodology%20to%20estimate%20flow%20velocities%20from%20a%20map%20of%20suspended%20sediment%20concentration%20%28SSC%29%20measured%20by%20the%20NASA%20airborne%20spectrometer%20AVIRIS-NG%20within%20the%20Wax%20Lake%20Delta%2C%20Louisiana.%20We%20extracted%20streaklines%20from%20remotely%20sensed%20SSC%20estimates%2C%20and%20quantified%20water%20fluxes%20and%20velocities%20based%20on%20the%20distance%20between%20them.%20Our%20study%20demonstrates%20that%20the%20velocity%20field%20in%20deltas%20can%20be%20estimated%20by%20leveraging%20the%20synoptic%20information%20offered%20by%20remote%20sensing.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022GL101392%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GL101392%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MSMCH93U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Call%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECall%2C%20M.%20N.%2C%20Wilke%2C%20A.%20L.%2C%20Poulton%2C%20Z.%2C%20Boettcher%2C%20R.%2C%20Karpanty%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20Kwon%2C%20E.%2C%20Lipford%2C%20A.%2C%20Gardner%2C%20E.%20D.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fraser%2C%20J.%20D.%20%282023%29.%20Comparing%20in-person%20versus%20camera%20monitoring%20of%20shorebird%20reproductive%20success.%20%3Ci%3EWaterbirds%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E45%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20312%26%23x2013%3B327.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1675%5C%2F063.045.0310%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1675%5C%2F063.045.0310%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMSMCH93U%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Comparing%20in-person%20versus%20camera%20monitoring%20of%20shorebird%20reproductive%20success%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mikayla%20N%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Call%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandra%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zak%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poulton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ruth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boettcher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karpanty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eunbi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kwon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aylett%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lipford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gardner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Logan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fraser%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1675%5C%2F063.045.0310%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221524-4695%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1675%5C%2F063.045.0310%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FZ4ICFIC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Brahmey%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBrahmey%2C%20E.%20%282023%29.%20%3Ci%3EExploring%20Spatial%20and%20Temporal%20Differences%20Between%20High%20and%20Low%20Frequency%20Water%20Quality%20Data%20in%20Coastal%20Virginia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%2810.18130%5C%2F99sn-hh38%29%20%5BM.S.%2C%20University%20of%20Virginia%2C%5D.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2F99sn-hh38%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2F99sn-hh38%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFZ4ICFIC%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Exploring%20Spatial%20and%20Temporal%20Differences%20Between%20High%20and%20Low%20Frequency%20Water%20Quality%20Data%20in%20Coastal%20Virginia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22contributor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brahmey%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22M.S.%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22University%20of%20Virginia%2C%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2F99sn-hh38%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FXBML2YM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tedford%20and%20Castorani%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETedford%2C%20K.%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Castorani%2C%20M.%20C.%20N.%20%282022%29.%20Meta-analysis%20reveals%20controls%20on%20oyster%20predation.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.1055240%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.1055240%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFXBML2YM%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Meta-analysis%20reveals%20controls%20on%20oyster%20predation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kinsey%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tedford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Max%20C.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castorani%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Predators%20can%20have%20strong%20roles%20in%20structuring%20communities%20defined%20by%20foundation%20species.%20Accumulating%20evidence%20shows%20that%20predation%20on%20reef-building%20oysters%20can%20be%20intense%20and%20potentially%20compromise%20efforts%20to%20restore%20or%20conserve%20these%20globally%20decimated%20foundation%20species.%20However%2C%20understanding%20the%20controls%20on%20variation%20in%20oyster%20predation%20strength%20is%20impeded%20by%20inconsistencies%20in%20experimental%20methodologies.%20To%20address%20this%20challenge%2C%20we%20conducted%20the%20first%20meta-analysis%20to%20quantify%20the%20magnitude%2C%20uncertainty%2C%20and%20drivers%20of%20predator%20effects%20on%20oysters.%20We%20synthesized%20384%20predator-exclusion%20experiments%20from%2049%20peer-reviewed%20publications%20over%2045%20years%20of%20study%20%281977%20to%202021%29.%20We%20characterized%20geographic%20and%20temporal%20patterns%20in%20oyster%20predation%20experiments%2C%20determined%20the%20strength%20of%20predator%20effects%20on%20oyster%20mortality%20and%20recruitment%2C%20and%20assessed%20how%20predation%20varies%20with%20oyster%20size%2C%20environmental%20conditions%2C%20the%20predator%20assemblage%2C%20and%20experimental%20design.%20Predators%20caused%20an%20average%204.3%5Cu00d7%20increase%20in%20oyster%20mortality%20and%2046%25%20decrease%20in%20recruitment.%20Predation%20increased%20with%20oyster%20size%20and%20varied%20with%20predator%20identity%20and%20richness.%20Unexpectedly%2C%20we%20found%20no%20effects%20of%20latitude%2C%20tidal%20zone%2C%20or%20tidal%20range%20on%20predation%20strength.%20Predator%20effects%20differed%20with%20experiment%20type%20and%20tethering%20method%2C%20indicating%20the%20importance%20of%20experimental%20design%20and%20the%20caution%20warranted%20in%20extrapolating%20results.%20Our%20results%20quantify%20the%20importance%20of%20predation%20for%20oyster%20populations%20and%20suggest%20that%20consideration%20of%20the%20drivers%20of%20oyster%20predation%20in%20restoration%20and%20conservation%20planning%20may%20hasten%20recovery%20of%20these%20lost%20coastal%20foundation%20species.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-December-21%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.1055240%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-7745%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2022.1055240%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZWL5LX2G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chen%20and%20Kirwan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-11-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChen%2C%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kirwan%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282022%29.%20A%20phenology-%20and%20trend-based%20approach%20for%20accurate%20mapping%20of%20sea-level%20driven%20coastal%20forest%20retreat.%20%3Ci%3ERemote%20Sensing%20of%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E281%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20113229.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.rse.2022.113229%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.rse.2022.113229%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZWL5LX2G%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20phenology-%20and%20trend-based%20approach%20for%20accurate%20mapping%20of%20sea-level%20driven%20coastal%20forest%20retreat%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yaping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirwan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20rapid%20replacement%20of%20upland%20forest%20by%20encroaching%20marshland%20is%20a%20striking%20manifestation%20of%20global%20sea-level%20rise%20%28SLR%29.%20Timely%20and%20high-resolution%20information%20on%20the%20location%20and%20extent%20of%20transition%20forest%20%28the%20ecotone%20between%20upland%20forest%20and%20marsh%20where%20tree%20mortality%20due%20to%20seawater%20intrusion%20begins%29%20is%20fundamental%20to%20understanding%20the%20processes%20and%20patterns%20of%20SLR-driven%20landscape%20reorganization.%20Despite%20its%20significance%2C%20accurate%20characterization%20of%20salt-impacted%20transition%20forest%20remains%20challenging%20due%20to%20the%20complexity%20of%20coastal%20environments%2C%20scarcity%20of%20ground-truth%20data%2C%20and%20the%20lack%20of%20effective%20mapping%20algorithms.%20Here%20we%20use%20the%20full%20archive%20of%20Landsat%20images%20between%201984%20and%202021%20to%20investigate%20the%20spectral%2C%20temporal%2C%20and%20phenological%20characteristics%20of%20transition%20forest%2C%20and%20develop%20a%20robust%20framework%20for%20monitoring%20coastal%20vegetation%20shifts%20in%20the%20mid-Atlantic%20U.S.%2C%20a%20global%20SLR%20hotspot.%20We%20found%20that%20transition%20forest%20exhibits%20strong%20negative%20NDVI%20trends%20and%20a%20deviation%20of%20land%20surface%20phenology%20from%20marsh%20and%20upland%20forest%20that%20distinguishes%20itself%20from%20surrounding%20vegetation.%20By%20integrating%20temporal%20trends%20and%20land%20surface%20phenology%2C%20our%20results%20demonstrate%20superior%20discrimination%20between%20marsh%20and%20coastal%20forests%20to%20existing%20map%20products%20%28e.g.%20NOAA%20Coastal%20Change%20Analysis%20Program%2C%20National%20Land%20Cover%20Database%29%20that%20allows%20a%20reliable%20identification%20of%20the%20coastal%20treeline.%20We%20applied%20the%20approach%20to%20map%20regional%20land%20cover%20in%201985%2C%202000%20and%202020%20%28overall%20classification%20accuracy%20%3E92%25%29%20and%20found%20that%20the%20area%20of%20coastal%20forest%20decreased%20by%2022.0%25%20from%201985%20to%202020%2C%20the%20majority%20of%20which%20transitioned%20to%20marshland%20%2892.3%25%2C%205.3%5Cu00a0%5Cu00d7%5Cu00a0103%5Cu00a0ha%29.%20Based%20upon%20fine-scale%20patterns%20of%20coastal%20transgression%2C%20we%20created%20a%20practical%20workflow%20for%20spatially%20explicit%20quantification%20of%20forest%20retreat%20rates.%20Concurrent%20with%20rising%20sea%20level%2C%20coastal%20forests%20migrated%20upslope%20from%200.63%20%28%5Cu00b1%200.27%29%20m%20above%20sea%20level%20in%201985%20to%200.78%20%28%5Cu00b1%200.32%29%20m%20above%20sea%20level%20in%202020%2C%20and%20horizontal%20forest%20retreat%20rates%20accelerated%20from%203.1%20%28range%20of%200%5Cu201336%29%20m%20yr%5Cu22121%20during%201985%5Cu20132000%20to%204.7%20%280%5Cu201355%29%20m%20yr%5Cu22121%20during%202001%5Cu20132020.%20As%20SLR%20continues%20to%20accelerate%2C%20our%20study%20may%20serve%20as%20a%20scalable%20solution%20for%20consistent%20tracking%20of%20coastal%20landscape%20evolution%20that%20is%20urgently%20needed%20for%20sustainable%20forest%20and%20wetland%20management.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-11-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.rse.2022.113229%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220034-4257%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.rse.2022.113229%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A35%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F55HXV7V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chen%20and%20Kirwan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-10-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChen%2C%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kirwan%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282022%29.%20Climate-driven%20decoupling%20of%20wetland%20and%20upland%20biomass%20trends%20on%20the%20mid-Atlantic%20coast.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Geoscience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41561-022-01041-x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41561-022-01041-x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DF55HXV7V%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Climate-driven%20decoupling%20of%20wetland%20and%20upland%20biomass%20trends%20on%20the%20mid-Atlantic%20coast%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yaping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirwan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Coastal%20ecosystems%20represent%20a%20disproportionately%20large%20but%20vulnerable%20global%20carbon%20sink.%20Sea-level-driven%20tidal%20wetland%20degradation%20and%20upland%20forest%20mortality%20threaten%20coastal%20carbon%20pools%2C%20but%20responses%20of%20the%20broader%20coastal%20landscape%20to%20interacting%20facets%20of%20climate%20change%20remain%20poorly%20understood.%20Here%2C%20we%20use%2036%20years%20of%20satellite%20observations%20across%20the%20mid-Atlantic%20sea-level%20rise%20hotspot%20to%20show%20that%20climate%20change%20has%20actually%20increased%20the%20amount%20of%20carbon%20stored%20in%20the%20biomass%20of%20coastal%20ecosystems%20despite%20substantial%20areal%20loss.%20We%20find%20that%20sea-level-driven%20reductions%20in%20wetland%20and%20low-lying%20forest%20biomass%20were%20largely%20confined%20to%20areas%20less%20than%202%20m%20above%20sea%20level%2C%20whereas%20the%20otherwise%20warmer%20and%20wetter%20climate%20led%20to%20an%20increase%20in%20the%20biomass%20of%20adjacent%20upland%20forests.%20Integrated%20across%20the%20entire%20coastal%20landscape%2C%20climate-driven%20upland%20greening%20offset%20sea-level-driven%20biomass%20losses%2C%20such%20that%20the%20net%20impact%20of%20climate%20change%20was%20to%20increase%20the%20amount%20of%20carbon%20stored%20in%20coastal%20vegetation.%20These%20results%20point%20to%20a%20fundamental%20decoupling%20between%20upland%20and%20wetland%20carbon%20trends%20that%20can%20only%20be%20understood%20by%20integrating%20observations%20across%20traditional%20ecosystem%20boundaries.%20This%20holistic%20approach%20may%20provide%20a%20template%20for%20quantifying%20carbon%5Cu2013climate%20feedbacks%20and%20other%20aspects%20of%20coastal%20change%20that%20extend%20beyond%20sea-level%20rise%20alone.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-10-06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41561-022-01041-x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221752-0908%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41561-022-01041-x%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A35%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JUCSAH3Q%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cheng%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-09-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECheng%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20Tedford%2C%20K.%20N.%2C%20Smith%2C%20R.%20S.%2C%20Hardison%2C%20S.%2C%20Cornish%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Castorani%2C%20M.%20C.%20N.%20%282022%29.%20Coastal%20Vegetation%20and%20Bathymetry%20Influence%20Blue%20Crab%20Abundance%20Across%20Spatial%20Scales.%20%3Ci%3EEstuaries%20and%20Coasts%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E45%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%201701%26%23x2013%3B1715.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-021-01039-5%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-021-01039-5%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJUCSAH3Q%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Coastal%20Vegetation%20and%20Bathymetry%20Influence%20Blue%20Crab%20Abundance%20Across%20Spatial%20Scales%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Selina%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kinsey%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tedford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hardison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornish%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Max%20C.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castorani%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Blue%20crabs%20%28Callinectes%20sapidus%29%20are%20highly%20mobile%2C%20ecologically-important%20mesopredators%20that%20support%20multimillion-dollar%20fisheries%20along%20the%20western%20Atlantic%20Ocean.%20Understanding%20how%20blue%20crabs%20respond%20to%20coastal%20landscape%20change%20is%20integral%20to%20conservation%20and%20management%2C%20but%20such%20insights%20have%20been%20limited%20to%20a%20narrow%20range%20of%20habitats%20and%20spatial%20scales.%20We%20examined%20how%20local-scale%20to%20landscape-scale%20habitat%20characteristics%20and%20bathymetric%20features%20%28channels%20and%20oceanic%20inlets%29%20affect%20the%20relative%20abundance%20%28catch%20per%20unit%20effort%2C%20CPUE%29%20of%20adult%20blue%20crabs%20across%20a%5Cu2009%3E%5Cu200933%20km2%20seagrass%20landscape%20in%20coastal%20Virginia%2C%20USA.%20We%20found%20that%20crab%20CPUE%20was%201.7%5Cu2009%5Cu00d7%5Cu2009higher%20in%20sparse%20%28versus%20dense%29%20seagrass%2C%202.4%5Cu2009%5Cu00d7%5Cu2009higher%20at%20sites%20farther%20from%20%28versus%20nearer%20to%29%20salt%20marshes%2C%20and%20unaffected%20by%20proximity%20to%20oyster%20reefs.%20The%20probability%20that%20a%20trapped%20crab%20was%20female%20was%205.1%5Cu2009%5Cu00d7%5Cu2009higher%20in%20sparse%20seagrass%20and%208%5Cu2009%5Cu00d7%5Cu2009higher%20near%20deep%20channels.%20The%20probability%20of%20a%20female%20crab%20being%20gravid%20was%202.8%5Cu2009%5Cu00d7%5Cu2009higher%20near%20seagrass%20meadow%20edges%20and%203.3%5Cu2009%5Cu00d7%5Cu2009higher%20near%20deep%20channels.%20Moreover%2C%20the%20likelihood%20of%20a%20gravid%20female%20having%20mature%20eggs%20was%2016%5Cu2009%5Cu00d7%5Cu2009greater%20in%20sparse%20seagrass%20and%2032%5Cu2009%5Cu00d7%5Cu2009greater%20near%20oceanic%20inlets.%20Overall%2C%20we%20discovered%20that%20adult%20blue%20crab%20CPUE%20is%20influenced%20by%20seagrass%2C%20salt%20marsh%2C%20and%20bathymetric%20features%20on%20scales%20from%20meters%20to%20kilometers%2C%20and%20that%20habitat%20associations%20depend%20on%20sex%20and%20reproductive%20stage.%20Hence%2C%20accelerating%20changes%20to%20coastal%20geomorphology%20and%20vegetation%20will%20likely%20alter%20the%20abundance%20and%20distribution%20of%20adult%20blue%20crabs%2C%20challenging%20marine%20spatial%20planning%20and%20ecosystem-based%20fisheries%20management.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-09-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs12237-021-01039-5%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221559-2731%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-021-01039-5%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A35%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HU5K87ZN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tassone%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-05-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETassone%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Besterman%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Buelo%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20Walter%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pace%2C%20M.%20L.%20%282022%29.%20Co-occurrence%20of%20Aquatic%20Heatwaves%20with%20Atmospheric%20Heatwaves%2C%20Low%20Dissolved%20Oxygen%2C%20and%20Low%20pH%20Events%20in%20Estuarine%20Ecosystems.%20%3Ci%3EEstuaries%20and%20Coasts%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E45%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20707%26%23x2013%3B720.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-021-01009-x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-021-01009-x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHU5K87ZN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Co-occurrence%20of%20Aquatic%20Heatwaves%20with%20Atmospheric%20Heatwaves%2C%20Low%20Dissolved%20Oxygen%2C%20and%20Low%20pH%20Events%20in%20Estuarine%20Ecosystems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Spencer%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tassone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alice%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Besterman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cal%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buelo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pace%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Heatwaves%20are%20increasing%20in%20frequency%2C%20duration%2C%20and%20intensity%20in%20the%20atmosphere%20and%20marine%20environment%20with%20rapid%20changes%20to%20ecosystems%20occurring%20as%20a%20result.%20However%2C%20heatwaves%20in%20estuarine%20ecosystems%20have%20received%20little%20attention%20despite%20the%20effects%20of%20high%20temperatures%20on%20biogeochemical%20cycling%20and%20fisheries%20and%20the%20susceptibility%20of%20estuaries%20to%20heatwaves%20given%20their%20low%20volume.%20Likewise%2C%20estuarine%20heatwave%20co-occurrence%20with%20extremes%20in%20water%20quality%20variables%20such%20as%20dissolved%20oxygen%20%28DO%29%20and%20pH%20have%20not%20been%20considered%20and%20would%20represent%20periods%20of%20enhanced%20stress.%20This%20study%20analyzed%201440%20station%20years%20of%20high-frequency%20data%20from%20the%20National%20Estuarine%20Research%20Reserve%20System%20%28NERRS%29%20to%20assess%20trends%20in%20the%20frequency%2C%20duration%2C%20and%20severity%20of%20estuarine%20heatwaves%20and%20their%20co-occurrences%20with%20atmospheric%20heatwaves%2C%20low%20DO%2C%20and%20low%20pH%20events%20between%201996%20and%202019.%20Estuaries%20are%20warming%20faster%20than%20the%20open%20and%20coastal%20ocean%2C%20with%20an%20estuarine%20heatwave%20mean%20annual%20occurrence%20of%202%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu20092%20events%2C%20ranging%20up%20to%2010%20events%20per%20year%2C%20and%20lasting%20up%20to%2044%5Cu00a0days%20%28mean%20duration%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20098%5Cu00a0days%29.%20Estuarine%20heatwaves%20co-occur%20with%20an%20atmospheric%20heatwave%206%5Cu201371%25%20of%20the%20time%2C%20depending%20on%20location%2C%20with%20an%20average%20estuarine%20heatwave%20lag%20range%20of%200%5Cu20132%5Cu00a0days.%20Similarly%2C%20low%20DO%20or%20low%20pH%20events%20co-occur%20with%20an%20estuarine%20heatwave%202%5Cu201345%25%20and%200%5Cu201318%25%20of%20the%20time%2C%20respectively%2C%20with%20an%20average%20low%20DO%20lag%20of%203%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu20092%5Cu00a0days%20and%20low%20pH%20lag%20of%204%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu20092%5Cu00a0days.%20Triple%20co-occurrence%20of%20an%20estuarine%20heatwave%20with%20a%20low%20DO%20and%20low%20pH%20event%20was%20rare%2C%20ranging%20between%200%20and%207%25%20of%20all%20estuarine%20heatwaves.%20Amongst%20all%20the%20stations%2C%20there%20have%20been%20significant%20reductions%20in%20the%20frequency%2C%20intensity%2C%20duration%2C%20and%20rate%20of%20low%20DO%20event%20onset%20and%20decline%20over%20time.%20Likewise%2C%20low%20pH%20events%20have%20decreased%20in%20frequency%2C%20duration%2C%20and%20intensity%20over%20the%20study%20period%2C%20driven%20in%20part%20by%20reductions%20in%20all%20severity%20classifications%20of%20low%20pH%20events.%20This%20study%20provides%20the%20first%20baseline%20assessment%20of%20estuarine%20heatwave%20events%20and%20their%20co-occurrence%20with%20deleterious%20water%20quality%20conditions%20for%20a%20large%20set%20of%20estuaries%20distributed%20throughout%20the%20USA.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-05-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs12237-021-01009-x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221559-2731%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12237-021-01009-x%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZVGYVIQ7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nordio%20and%20Fagherazzi%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-05-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENordio%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fagherazzi%2C%20S.%20%282022%29.%20Salinity%20increases%20with%20water%20table%20elevation%20at%20the%20boundary%20between%20salt%20marsh%20and%20forest.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Hydrology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E608%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20127576.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jhydrol.2022.127576%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jhydrol.2022.127576%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZVGYVIQ7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Salinity%20increases%20with%20water%20table%20elevation%20at%20the%20boundary%20between%20salt%20marsh%20and%20forest%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giovanna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nordio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sergio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fagherazzi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20migration%20of%20salt%20marshes%20into%20forests%20along%20coastal%20regions%20is%20nowadays%20well%20documented.%20Sea%20level%20rise%20and%20storms%20threaten%20coastal%20forests%20by%20increasing%20groundwater%20levels%20and%20salinity.%20Salinization%20is%20the%20main%20cause%20of%20forest%20conversion%20to%20salt%20marsh%20in%20North%20America.%20In%20this%20paper%20we%20study%20groundwater%20levels%20and%20salinity%20in%20two%20wells%20installed%20at%20the%20border%20between%20forest%20and%20salt%20marsh%20in%20the%20lower%20Delmarva%20peninsula%2C%20USA.%20The%20upper%20well%20is%20located%20in%20the%20regenerative%20forest%2C%20where%20recruitment%20is%20still%20possible%2C%20while%20the%20lower%20well%20is%20located%20in%20the%20persistent%20forest%2C%20where%20only%20mature%20trees%20survive.%20Groundwater%20in%20the%20upper%20well%20is%20fresh%20at%20the%20root%20depth%2C%20while%20in%20the%20lower%20well%20the%20mean%20salinity%20is%208%20ppt.%20Our%20data%20suggest%20that%20rainfall%20has%20an%20instantaneous%20effect%20on%20salinity%20and%20groundwater%20levels%2C%20but%20it%20does%20not%20affect%20salinity%20and%20groundwater%20levels%20on%20longer%20periods%20%28weeks%20to%20months%29.%20Groundwater%20levels%20and%20salinity%20reflect%20the%20hydraulic%20gradient%20toward%20the%20marsh%20%28a%20proxy%20for%20outgoing%20water%20fluxes%29%2C%20the%20uphill%20hydraulic%20gradient%20%28a%20proxy%20for%20incoming%20water%20fluxes%29%20and%20temperature%20%28a%20proxy%20for%20evapotranspiration%29.%20Salinity%20increases%20when%20groundwater%20levels%20are%20high.%20To%20explain%20this%20result%2C%20we%20put%20forward%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20a%20high%20water%20table%20favors%20the%20flux%20of%20surficial%2C%20fresh%20water%20to%20the%20marsh%2C%20and%20loss%20of%20freshwater%20by%20evapotranspiration.%20These%20losses%20are%20likely%20replenished%20by%20saltier%20water%20moving%20at%20depth.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-05-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jhydrol.2022.127576%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-1694%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0022169422001512%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BYMTQQYE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kottler%20and%20Gedan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKottler%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Gedan%2C%20K.%20B.%20%282022%29.%20Sexual%20reproduction%20is%20light-limited%20as%20marsh%20grasses%20colonize%20maritime%20forest.%20%3Ci%3EAmerican%20Journal%20of%20Botany%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E109%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20514%26%23x2013%3B525.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fajb2.1831%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fajb2.1831%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBYMTQQYE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sexual%20reproduction%20is%20light-limited%20as%20marsh%20grasses%20colonize%20maritime%20forest%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kottler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gedan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Climate%20change%20is%20driving%20abiotic%20shifts%20that%20can%20threaten%20the%20conservation%20of%20foundation%20species%20and%20the%20habitats%20they%20support.%20Directional%20range%20shifting%20is%20one%20mechanism%20of%20escape%2C%20but%20requires%20the%20successful%20colonization%20of%20habitats%20where%20interspecific%20interactions%20may%20differ%20from%20those%20to%20which%20a%20species%20has%20adapted.%20For%20plants%20with%20multiple%20reproductive%20strategies%2C%20these%20range-edge%20interactions%20may%20alter%20the%20investment%20or%20allocation%20toward%20a%20given%20reproductive%20strategy.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20quantified%20sexual%20reproduction%20of%20the%20clonal%20marsh%20grass%20Spartina%20patens%20across%20an%20inland%20colonization%20front%20into%20maritime%20forest%20being%20driven%20by%20sea-level%20rise.%20We%20find%20that%20flowering%20is%20variable%20across%20S.%20patens%20meadows%2C%20but%20consistently%20reduced%20in%20low%20light%20conditions%20like%20those%20of%20the%20forest%20understory.%20Observational%20surveys%20of%20S.%20patens%20flowering%20at%20four%20sites%20in%20the%20Delmarva%20Peninsula%20agreed%20with%20the%20results%20of%20two%20experimental%20manipulations%20of%20light%20availability%20%28shading%20experiment%20in%20S.%20patens-dominated%20marsh%20and%20a%20forest%20dieback%20manipulation%29.%20These%20three%20approaches%20pinpointed%20light%20limitation%20as%20a%20principal%20control%20on%20S.%20patens%20flowering%20capacity%2C%20suggesting%20that%20light%20competition%20with%20taller%20upland%20species%20can%20suppress%20S.%20patens%20flowering%20along%20its%20upland%20migration%20front.%20Consequently%2C%20all%20propagation%20in%20shaded%20conditions%20must%20occur%20clonally%20or%20via%20seeds%20from%20the%20marsh%2C%20a%20reproductive%20restriction%20that%20could%20limit%20the%20potential%20for%20local%20adaptation%20and%20reduce%20genetic%20diversity.%20Future%20research%20is%20needed%20to%20determine%20whether%20the%20lack%20of%20flowering%20is%20the%20result%20of%20a%20trade-off%20between%20sexual%20and%20clonal%20reproduction%20or%20results%20from%20insufficient%20photosynthetic%20products%20needed%20to%20achieve%20either%20reproductive%20method.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%20Apr%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fajb2.1831%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220002-9122%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%3A%5C%2F%5C%2FWOS%3A000781277800001%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KYHURT56%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-02-25%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWang%2C%20J.%2C%20Dai%2C%20Z.%2C%20Fagherazzi%2C%20S.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20X.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Liu%2C%20X.%20%282022%29.%20Hydro-morphodynamics%20triggered%20by%20extreme%20riverine%20floods%20in%20a%20mega%20fluvial-tidal%20delta.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E809%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20152076.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2021.152076%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2021.152076%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKYHURT56%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hydro-morphodynamics%20triggered%20by%20extreme%20riverine%20floods%20in%20a%20mega%20fluvial-tidal%20delta%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhijun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sergio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fagherazzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xiaohe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xiaoqiang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Maintaining%20accretion%20and%20progradation%20in%20a%20mega%20delta%20is%20crucial%20to%20its%20geomorphic%20stability%20and%20ecology.%20Extreme%20riverine%20floods%20can%20disturb%20hydro-sediment%20dynamics%20with%20great%20damage%20to%20the%20deltaic%20landscape%2C%20as%20for%20instance%20deltaic%20erosion.%20Nowadays%2C%20most%20mega%20deltas%20suffer%20from%20sediment%20starvation.%20Understanding%20the%20impact%20of%20extreme%20floods%20is%20a%20priority%20to%20determine%20the%20long-term%20fate%20of%20deltaic%20systems.%20Herein%2C%20we%20used%20the%20Delft%203D%20model%20and%20field%20data%20to%20study%20the%20hydraulics%20and%20morphodynamics%20of%20the%202016%20extreme%20riverine%20floods%20in%20the%20South%20Passage%20%28SP%29%20of%20the%20Yangtze%20Delta.%20Results%20reveal%20that%20extreme%20floods%20can%20increase%20water%20levels%2C%20velocities%2C%20and%20bed%20shear%20stresses%20in%20an%20inner%20estuarine%20channel%20and%20mouth%20bar%2C%20while%20the%20flood%20has%20a%20weak%20effect%20in%20offshore%20areas.%20High-energy%20floods%20trigger%20strong%20tidal%20asymmetry%20and%20Euler%20residual%20currents%2C%20which%20intensifies%20downstream%20suspended%20sediment%20transport%20and%20bottom%20riverbed%20erosion.%20In%20comparison%20with%20those%20during%20extreme%20floods%20in%202016%2C%20net%20erosion%20after%20floods%20passed%20away%20was%20generated%20with%20seaward%20weakened%20magnitudes%2C%20the%20corresponding%20mean%20bathymetric%20erosion%20thickness%20was%2019.97%5Cu00a0cm%2C%2012.71%5Cu00a0cm%20and%204.62%5Cu00a0cm%20in%20inner%20estuarine%20channel%2C%20mouth%20bar%20and%20offshore%20area%2C%20respectively.%20Even%20though%20the%20seaward%20deposition%20patches%20were%20due%20to%20lower%20scouring%20effect%20and%20converged%20sediment.%20Hydrodynamic%20increments%20in%20deeper%20channels%20were%20more%20significant%2C%20while%20shoals%20and%20deeper%20areas%20were%20strongly%20eroded%20with%20the%20lowest%20erosion%20between%20%5Cu22125%5Cu00a0m%20to%20%5Cu22126%5Cu00a0m%20isobath.%20These%20results%20further%20clarified%20the%20bathymetric%20patterns%20with%20highlights%20of%20extreme%20riverine%20floods%20that%20can%20amplify%20the%20sediment-insufficient%20risks%20in%20such%20mega%20fluvial-tidal%20delta.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-02-25%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2021.152076%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220048-9697%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0048969721071527%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P58CS8PL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Smith%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-02-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESmith%2C%20R.%20S.%2C%20Hogan%2C%20S.%2C%20Tedford%2C%20K.%20N.%2C%20Lusk%2C%20B.%2C%20Reidenbach%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Castorani%2C%20M.%20C.%20N.%20%282022%29.%20Long-term%20data%20reveal%20greater%20intertidal%20oyster%20biomass%20in%20predicted%20suitable%20habitat.%20%3Ci%3EMarine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E683%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20221%26%23x2013%3B226.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps13949%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3354%5C%2Fmeps13949%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DP58CS8PL%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Long-term%20data%20reveal%20greater%20intertidal%20oyster%20biomass%20in%20predicted%20suitable%20habitat%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hogan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tedford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lusk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reidenbach%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20C.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Castorani%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Habitat%20suitability%20models%20have%20been%20used%20for%20decades%20to%20develop%20spatially%20explicit%20predictions%20of%20landscape%20capacity%20to%20support%20populations%20of%20target%20species.%20As%20high-resolution%20remote%20sensing%20data%20are%20increasingly%20included%20in%20habitat%20suitability%20models%20that%20inform%20spatial%20conservation%20and%20restoration%20decisions%2C%20it%20is%20essential%20to%20validate%20model%20predictions%20with%20independent%2C%20quantitative%20data%20collected%20over%20sustained%20time%20frames.%20Here%2C%20we%20used%20data%20collected%20from%2012%20reefs%20over%20a%2014%20yr%20sampling%20period%20to%20validate%20a%20recently%20developed%20physical%20habitat%20suitability%20model%20for%20intertidal%20oyster%20reefs%20in%20coastal%20Virginia%2C%20USA.%20The%20model%20used%20intertidal%20elevation%2C%20water%20residence%20time%2C%20and%20fetch%20to%20predict%20the%20likelihood%20of%20suitable%20conditions%20for%20eastern%20oysters%20Crassostrea%20virginica%20across%20a%20coastal%20landscape%2C%20and%20remotely%20sensed%20elevation%20was%20the%20most%20restrictive%20parameter%20in%20the%20model.%20Model%20validation%20revealed%20that%20adult%20oyster%20biomass%20was%20on%20average%201.5%20times%20greater%20on%20oyster%20reefs%20located%20in%20predicted%20%27suitable%27%20habitat%20relative%20to%20reefs%20located%20in%20predicted%20%27less%20suitable%27%20habitat%20over%20the%2014%20yr%20sampling%20period.%20By%20validating%20this%20model%20with%20long-term%20population%20data%2C%20we%20highlight%20the%20importance%20of%20elevation%20as%20a%20driver%20of%20sustained%20intertidal%20oyster%20success.%20These%20findings%20extend%20the%20validation%20of%20habitat%20suitability%20models%20by%20quantitatively%20supporting%20the%20inclusion%20of%20remotely%20sensed%20data%20in%20habitat%20suitability%20models%20for%20intertidal%20species.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20future%20oyster%20restoration%20and%20aquaculture%20projects%20could%20enhance%20oyster%20biomass%20by%20using%20habitat%20suitability%20models%20to%20select%20optimal%20site%20locations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%20Feb%203%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3354%5C%2Fmeps13949%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220171-8630%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%3A%5C%2F%5C%2FWOS%3A000752973500016%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S6Z72YX3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Berg%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBerg%2C%20P.%2C%20Huettel%2C%20M.%2C%20Glud%2C%20R.%20N.%2C%20Reimers%2C%20C.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Attard%2C%20K.%20M.%20%282022%29.%20Aquatic%20Eddy%20Covariance%3A%20The%20Method%20and%20Its%20Contributions%20to%20Defining%20Oxygen%20and%20Carbon%20Fluxes%20in%20Marine%20Environments.%20%3Ci%3EAnn%20Rev%20Mar%20Sci%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20431%26%23x2013%3B455.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-marine-042121-012329%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-marine-042121-012329%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS6Z72YX3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Aquatic%20Eddy%20Covariance%3A%20The%20Method%20and%20Its%20Contributions%20to%20Defining%20Oxygen%20and%20Carbon%20Fluxes%20in%20Marine%20Environments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huettel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reimers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Attard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Aquatic%20eddy%20covariance%20%28AEC%29%20is%20increasingly%20being%20used%20to%20study%20benthic%20oxygen%20%28O2%29%20flux%20dynamics%2C%20organic%20carbon%20cycling%2C%20and%20ecosystem%20health%20in%20marine%20and%20freshwater%20environments.%20Because%20it%20is%20a%20noninvasive%20technique%2C%20has%20a%20high%20temporal%20resolution%20%28%20approximately%2015%20min%29%2C%20and%20integrates%20over%20a%20large%20area%20of%20the%20seafloor%20%28typically%2010-100%20m%282%29%29%2C%20it%20has%20provided%20new%20insights%20on%20the%20functioning%20of%20aquatic%20ecosystems%20under%20naturally%20varying%20in%20situ%20conditions%20and%20has%20given%20us%20more%20accurate%20assessments%20of%20their%20metabolism.%20In%20this%20review%2C%20we%20summarize%20biogeochemical%2C%20ecological%2C%20and%20biological%20insightsgained%20from%20AEC%20studies%20of%20marine%20ecosystems.%20A%20general%20finding%20for%20all%20substrates%20is%20that%20benthic%20O2%20exchange%20is%20far%20more%20dynamic%20than%20earlier%20recognized%2C%20and%20thus%20accurate%20mean%20values%20can%20only%20be%20obtained%20from%20measurements%20that%20integrate%20over%20all%20timescales%20that%20affect%20the%20local%20O2%20exchange.%20Finally%2C%20we%20highlight%20new%20developments%20of%20the%20technique%2C%20including%20measurements%20of%20air-water%20gas%20exchange%20and%20long-term%20deployments.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%20Jan%203%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1146%5C%2Fannurev-marine-042121-012329%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221941-0611%20%28Electronic%29%201941-0611%20%28Linking%29%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpubmed%5C%2F34587456%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A35%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IKBCC2VV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zhu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EZhu%2C%20Q.%2C%20Wiberg%2C%20P.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20McGlathery%2C%20K.%20J.%20%282022%29.%20Seasonal%20growth%20and%20senescence%20of%20seagrass%20alters%20sediment%20accumulation%20rates%20and%20carbon%20burial%20in%20a%20coastal%20lagoon.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E67%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%201931%26%23x2013%3B1942.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.12178%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.12178%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIKBCC2VV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Seasonal%20growth%20and%20senescence%20of%20seagrass%20alters%20sediment%20accumulation%20rates%20and%20carbon%20burial%20in%20a%20coastal%20lagoon%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Qingguang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patricia%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wiberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGlathery%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20Seagrass%20meadows%20are%20important%20carbon%20sinks%20in%20the%20global%20coastal%20carbon%20cycle%20yet%20are%20also%20among%20the%20most%20rapidly%20declining%20marine%20habitats.%20Their%20ability%20to%20sequester%20carbon%20depends%20on%20flow%5Cu2013sediment%5Cu2013vegetation%20interactions%20that%20facilitate%20net%20deposition%2C%20as%20well%20as%20high%20rates%20of%20primary%20production.%20However%2C%20the%20effects%20of%20seasonal%20and%20episodic%20variations%20in%20seagrass%20density%20on%20net%20sediment%20and%20carbon%20accumulation%20have%20not%20been%20well%20quantified.%20Understanding%20these%20dynamics%20provides%20insight%20into%20how%20carbon%20accumulation%20in%20seagrass%20meadows%20responds%20to%20disturbance%20events%20and%20climate%20change.%20Here%2C%20we%20apply%20a%20spatially%20resolved%20sediment%20transport%20model%20that%20includes%20coupling%20of%20seagrass%20effects%20on%20flow%2C%20waves%2C%20and%20sediment%20resuspension%20in%20a%20seagrass%20meadow%20to%20quantify%20seasonal%20rates%20of%20sediment%20and%20carbon%20accumulation%20in%20the%20meadow.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20organic%20carbon%20accumulation%20rates%20were%20largely%20determined%20by%20sediment%20accumulation%20and%20that%20they%20both%20changed%20non-linearly%20as%20a%20function%20of%20seagrass%20shoot%20density.%20While%20seagrass%20meadows%20effectively%20trapped%20sediment%20at%20meadow%20edges%20during%20spring%5Cu2013summer%20growth%20seasons%2C%20during%20winter%20senescence%20low-density%20meadows%20%28%3C%5Cu2009160%20shoots%20m%5Cu22122%29%20were%20erosional%20with%20rates%20sensitive%20to%20density.%20Small%20variations%20in%20winter%20densities%20resulted%20in%20large%20changes%20in%20annual%20sediment%20and%20carbon%20accumulation%20in%20the%20meadow%3B%20meadow-scale%20%28hundreds%20of%20square%20meters%29%20summer%20seagrass%20dieback%20due%20to%20marine%20heatwaves%20can%20result%20in%20annual%20erosion%20and%20carbon%20loss.%20Our%20findings%20highlight%20the%20strong%20temporal%20and%20spatial%20variability%20in%20sediment%20accumulation%20within%20seagrass%20meadows%20and%20the%20implications%20for%20annual%20sediment%20carbon%20burial%20rates%20and%20the%20resilience%20of%20seagrass%20carbon%20stocks%20under%20future%20climate%20change.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flno.12178%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Faslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.12178%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227SGNT4CE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zhang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EZhang%2C%20X.%2C%20Wright%2C%20K.%2C%20Passalacqua%2C%20P.%2C%20Simard%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fagherazzi%2C%20S.%20%282022%29.%20Improving%20Channel%20Hydrological%20Connectivity%20in%20Coastal%20Hydrodynamic%20Models%20With%20Remotely%20Sensed%20Channel%20Networks.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Earth%20Surface%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E127%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20e2021JF006294.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021JF006294%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021JF006294%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7SGNT4CE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Improving%20Channel%20Hydrological%20Connectivity%20in%20Coastal%20Hydrodynamic%20Models%20With%20Remotely%20Sensed%20Channel%20Networks%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xiaohe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kyle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paola%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Passalacqua%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sergio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fagherazzi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20Coastal%20wetlands%20are%20nourished%20by%20rivers%20and%20periodical%20tidal%20flows%20through%20complex%2C%20interconnected%20channels.%20However%2C%20in%20hydrodynamic%20models%2C%20channel%20dimensions%20with%20respect%20to%20model%20grid%20size%20and%20uncertainties%20in%20topography%20preclude%20the%20correct%20propagation%20of%20tidal%20and%20riverine%20signals.%20It%20is%20therefore%20crucial%20to%20enhance%20channel%20geomorphic%20connectivity%20and%20simplify%20sub-channel%20features%20based%20on%20remotely%20sensed%20networks%20for%20practical%20computational%20applications.%20Here%2C%20we%20utilize%20channel%20networks%20derived%20from%20diverse%20remote%20sensing%20imagery%20as%20a%20baseline%20to%20build%20a%20%5Cu223c10%5Cu00a0m%20resolution%20hydrodynamic%20model%20that%20covers%20the%20Wax%20Lake%20Delta%20and%20adjacent%20wetlands%20%28%5Cu223c360%5Cu00a0km2%29%20in%20coastal%20Louisiana%2C%20USA.%20In%20this%20richly%20gauged%20system%2C%20intensive%20calibrations%20are%20conducted%20with%2018%20synchronous%20field-observations%20of%20water%20levels%20taken%20in%202016%2C%20and%20discharge%20data%20taken%20in%202021.%20We%20modify%20channel%20geometry%2C%20targeting%20realism%20in%20channel%20connectivity.%20The%20results%20show%20that%20a%20minimum%20channel%20depth%20of%202%5Cu00a0m%20and%20a%20width%20of%20four%20grid%20elements%20%28approximatively%2040%5Cu00a0m%29%20are%20required%20to%20enable%20a%20realistic%20tidal%20propagation%20in%20wetland%20channels.%20The%20optimal%20depth%20for%20tidal%20propagation%20can%20be%20determined%20by%20a%20simplified%20cost%20function%20method%20that%20evaluates%20the%20competition%20between%20flow%20travel%20time%20and%20alteration%20of%20the%20volume%20of%20the%20channels.%20The%20integration%20of%20high%20spatial-resolution%20models%20and%20remote%20sensing%20imagery%20provides%20a%20general%20framework%20to%20improve%20models%20performance%20in%20salt%20marshes%2C%20mangroves%2C%20deltaic%20wetlands%2C%20and%20tidal%20flats.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2021JF006294%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9003%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021JF006294%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22V6RIZPVP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zhu%20and%20Wiberg%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EZhu%2C%20Q.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wiberg%2C%20P.%20L.%20%282022%29.%20The%20Importance%20of%20Storm%20Surge%20for%20Sediment%20Delivery%20to%20Microtidal%20Marshes.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Earth%20Surface%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E127%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%20e2022JF006612.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JF006612%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JF006612%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DV6RIZPVP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Importance%20of%20Storm%20Surge%20for%20Sediment%20Delivery%20to%20Microtidal%20Marshes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Qingguang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patricia%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wiberg%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20Storm%20surge%20has%20the%20potential%20to%20significantly%20increase%20suspended%20sediment%20flux%20to%20microtidal%20marshes.%20However%2C%20the%20overall%20effects%20of%20storm%20surge%20on%20microtidal%20marsh%20deposition%20have%20not%20been%20well%20quantified%2C%20with%20most%20modeling%20studies%20focusing%20on%20regular%20%28astronomical%29%20tidal%20flooding.%20Here%20we%20applied%20the%20Delft3D%20model%20to%20a%20microtidal%20bay-marsh%20complex%20in%20Hog%20Bay%2C%20Virginia%20to%20quantify%20the%20contributions%20of%20storm%20surge%20to%20marsh%20deposition.%20We%20validated%20the%20model%20using%20spatially%20distributed%20hydrodynamic%20and%20suspended%20sediment%20data%20collected%20from%20the%20site%20and%20ran%20model%20simulations%20under%20different%20storm%20surge%20conditions%20with%5C%2Fwithout%20storm-driven%20water%20level%20changes.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20episodic%20storm%20surge%20events%20occurred%205%25%20of%20the%20time%20at%20our%20study%20site%2C%20but%20contributed%2040%25%20of%20marsh%20deposition%20during%202009%5Cu20132020.%20Our%20simulations%20illustrate%20that%20while%20wind-driven%20waves%20control%20sediment%20resuspension%20on%20tidal%20flats%2C%20marsh%20deposition%20during%20storms%20was%20largely%20determined%20by%20tidal%20inundation%20associated%20with%20storm-driven%20water%20levels.%20A%20moderate%20storm%20surge%20event%20can%20double%20sediment%20flux%20to%20most%20marshes%20around%20the%20bay%20and%20deliver%20more%20sediment%20to%20the%20marsh%20interior%20compared%20to%20simulations%20that%20include%20wind%20waves%20but%20not%20storm%20surge%20variations%20in%20water%20levels.%20Simulations%20of%20bay%20and%20marsh%20response%20to%20different%20storm%20surge%20events%20with%20varying%20magnitude%20of%20storm%20surge%20intensity%20reveal%20that%20total%20marsh%20deposition%20around%20the%20bay%20increased%20linearly%20with%20storm%20surge%20intensity%2C%20suggesting%20that%20future%20changes%20to%20storm%20magnitude%20and%5C%2For%20frequency%20would%20have%20significant%20implications%20for%20sediment%20supply%20to%20marshes%20at%20our%20study%20site.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022JF006612%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9003%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JF006612%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227BI5THIX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zhu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EZhu%2C%20Q.%20%282022%29.%20%3Ci%3ESediment%20Connectivity%20in%20the%20Coupled%20Tidal%20Flat-Seagrass-Marsh%20System%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%5BPh.D%2C%20University%20of%20Virginia%5D.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2Fjssv-7037%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2Fjssv-7037%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7BI5THIX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sediment%20Connectivity%20in%20the%20Coupled%20Tidal%20Flat-Seagrass-Marsh%20System%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22contributor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patricia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wiberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Qingguang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Seagrass%20and%20salt%20marsh%20are%20important%20sediment%20and%20carbon%20sinks%20in%20the%20global%20marine%20carbon%20cycle%2C%20yet%20are%20also%20among%20the%20most%20rapidly%20declining%20marine%20habitats.%20Their%20ability%20to%20sequester%20sediment%20and%20carbon%20depends%20on%20flow%5Cu2013sediment%5Cu2013vegetation%20interactions%20that%20promote%20sediment%20trapping%20and%20deposition%2C%20as%20well%20as%20high%20rates%20of%20primary%20production.%20Understanding%20sediment%20transport%20and%20the%20associated%20drivers%20within%20these%20ecosystems%20provides%20insight%20into%20how%20sediment%20and%20carbon%20accumulation%20in%20these%20systems%20responds%20to%20disturbance%20events%20and%20climate%20change.%20However%2C%20most%20previous%20studies%20of%20sediment%20transport%20within%20seagrass%20and%20saltmarsh%20ecosystems%20either%20have%20been%20limited%20in%20small%20spatial%20scale%20or%20mainly%20focused%20on%20processes%20relevant%20to%20one%20specific%20time%20scale.%20When%20submerged%20seagrass%20meadows%20occupy%20shallow%20tidal%20flats%2C%20very%20little%20is%20known%20about%20their%20effects%20on%20modulating%20sediment%20connectivity%20between%20the%20tidal%20flats%20and%20fringing%20intertidal%20marshes%20and%20the%20response%20of%20the%20coupled%20system%20to%20short-term%20disturbance%20events%20and%20longer-term%20drivers.%5CnIn%20this%20dissertation%2C%20I%20applied%20a%20process-based%20and%20spatially%20resolved%20hydrodynamic%20and%20sediment%20transport%20model%20Delft3D%2C%20in%20the%20shallow%20coastal%20bays%20within%20the%20Virginia%20Coast%20Reserve%20%28VCR%29%20on%20Virginia%5Cu2019s%20Atlantic%20coast%2C%20to%20quantify%20the%20sediment%20dynamics%20in%20the%20coupled%20tidal%20flat%5Cu2013seagrass%5Cu2013marsh%20system.%20The%20overarching%20research%20questions%20of%20this%20dissertation%20are%3A%20%281%29%20what%20are%20the%20mechanisms%20that%20control%20sediment%20transport%20in%20the%20coupled%20tidal%20flat%5Cu2013seagrass%5Cu2013marsh%20system%2C%20and%20%282%29%20how%20sediment%20accumulation%20rates%20and%20fluxes%20in%20this%20system%20respond%20to%20short-term%20events%20as%20well%20as%20seasonal%20wind%20patterns%20and%20seagrass%20growth%20cycle.%20I%20addressed%20the%20above%20questions%20in%20four%20research%20chapters.%20First%2C%20I%20applied%20the%20Delft3D%20model%20that%20couples%20flow%5Cu2013wave%5Cu2013vegetation%5Cu2013sediment%20interactions%20in%20South%20Bay%2C%20a%20successful%20seagrass%20restoration%20site%20with%20submerged%20seagrass%20meadows%20dominating%20the%20subtidal%20flats%2C%20to%20quantify%20seasonal%20seagrass%20impacts%20on%20bay%20dynamics%20during%20summer%20and%20winter%20conditions.%20Second%2C%20I%20extended%20the%20model%20simulation%20period%20to%20a%20complete%20annual%20cycle%20to%20examine%20the%20effects%20of%20seasonal%20and%20episodic%20variations%20in%20seagrass%20density%20on%20rates%20of%20sediment%20accumulation%20and%20carbon%20burial%20in%20the%20seagrass%20meadows.%20Third%2C%20I%20adapted%20the%20coupled%20Delft3D%20model%20to%20the%20unvegetated%20tidal%20flat%5Cu2013marsh%20system%20in%20Hog%20Bay%2C%20and%20investigated%20the%20impacts%20of%20episodic%20storm%20surge%20events%20on%20the%20coupled%20tidal%20flat%5Cu2013marsh%20system%20and%20the%20overall%20contribution%20of%20storm%20surge%20on%20marsh%20sediment%20deposition.%20Finally%2C%20I%20focused%20on%20analyzing%20annual%20simulation%20results%20in%20South%20Bay%20and%20examined%20the%20combined%20effects%20of%20seasonal%20wind%20patterns%20and%20seagrass%20density%20variations%20on%20sediment%20delivery%20and%20wave%20energy%20flux%20to%20an%20adjacent%20back-barrier%20marsh%20bordering%20the%20meadows%20in%20the%20bay.%5CnMy%20results%20show%20that%20the%20presence%20of%20submerged%20seagrass%20meadows%20on%20shallow%20tidal%20flats%20plays%20an%20important%20role%20in%20controlling%20sediment%20resuspension%20on%20the%20flats%20as%20well%20as%20sediment%20delivery%20to%20adjacent%20salt%20marshes.%20Sediment%20accumulation%20rates%20within%20seagrass%20meadows%20changed%20non-linearly%20between%20seasons%20as%20a%20function%20of%20seagrass%20density.%20While%20seagrass%20meadows%20effectively%20reduced%20sediment%20resuspension%20and%20trapped%20sediment%20at%20meadow%20edges%20during%20spring-summer%20growth%20seasons%2C%20during%20winter%20senescence%20low-density%20meadows%20%28%3C%20160%20shoots%20m%5Cu207b%5Cu00b2%29%20were%20erosional%20with%20rates%20sensitive%20to%20density.%20Due%20to%20this%20nonlinear%20control%20of%20seagrass%20density%20on%20sediment%20accumulation%2C%20there%20was%20strong%20variability%20of%20sediment%20accumulation%20rates%20in%20the%20meadow%20in%20response%20to%20winter%20density%20variations%20and%20marine%20heatwave%20events.%20In%20addition%2C%20seagrass%20meadows%20also%20significantly%20altered%20the%20timing%20of%20sediment%20transport%20to%20the%20adjacent%20marsh%20platform%20%28winter%20peak%2C%20density%20control%29%20and%20reduced%20total%20annual%20sediment%20flux%20by%2012%25%20compared%20to%20the%20simulation%20with%20no%20seagrass%20%28flux%20controlled%20by%20winds%29.%5CnI%20also%20found%20that%20episodic%20storm%20surge%20events%20play%20an%20important%20role%20in%20transporting%20suspended%20sediment%20from%20unvegetated%20tidal%20flats%20to%20intertidal%20salt%20marshes.%20Although%20storm%20surge%20events%20only%20occurred%205%25%20of%20the%20time%20at%20the%20study%20site%2C%20they%20disproportionately%20contributed%2040%25%20of%20marsh%20deposition%20during%202009%5Cu20132020.%20While%20wind-driven%20waves%20control%20sediment%20resuspension%20on%20tidal%20flats%2C%20marsh%20deposition%20during%20storms%20was%20largely%20determined%20by%20tidal%20inundation%20associated%20with%20storm%20driven%20water%20levels%20and%20increased%20linearly%20with%20storm%20surge%20intensity%2C%20suggesting%20that%20marshes%20at%20the%20study%20site%20will%20likely%20be%20supplied%20with%20more%20sediment%2C%20primarily%20from%20eroding%20tidal%20flats%2C%20if%20storm%20magnitudes%20and%5C%2For%20frequencies%20increase%20in%20the%20future.%5CnOverall%2C%20these%20findings%20highlight%20the%20strong%20control%20vegetation%20has%20in%20erosional%20and%20depositional%20processes%20in%20shallow%20coastal%20bays%20and%20the%20implications%20for%20the%20resilience%20of%20seagrass%20and%20marsh%20sediment%20accumulation%20under%20future%20climate%20change.%20The%20results%20of%20this%20dissertation%20also%20provide%20useful%20information%20for%20coastal%20managers%20to%20inform%20conservation%20and%20management%20strategies%20in%20coastal%20wetlands%20and%20practical%20guidelines%20for%20process-based%20modeling%20of%20flow%5Cu2013wave%5Cu2013vegetation%5Cu2013sediment%20interactions%20in%20shallow%20coastal%20environments.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Ph.D%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22University%20of%20Virginia%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.18130%5C%2Fjssv-7037%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AKVQZ8WF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Xu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EXu%2C%20Y.%2C%20Kalra%2C%20T.%20S.%2C%20Ganju%2C%20N.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fagherazzi%2C%20S.%20%282022%29.%20Modeling%20the%20Dynamics%20of%20Salt%20Marsh%20Development%20in%20Coastal%20Land%20Reclamation.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E49%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20e2021GL095559.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021GL095559%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021GL095559%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAKVQZ8WF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modeling%20the%20Dynamics%20of%20Salt%20Marsh%20Development%20in%20Coastal%20Land%20Reclamation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yiyang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarandeep%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kalra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neil%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ganju%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sergio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fagherazzi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%20The%20valuable%20ecosystem%20services%20of%20salt%20marshes%20are%20spurring%20marsh%20restoration%20projects%20around%20the%20world.%20However%2C%20it%20is%20difficult%20to%20determine%20the%20final%20vegetated%20area%20based%20on%20physical%20drivers.%20Herein%2C%20we%20use%20a%203D%20fully%20coupled%20vegetation-hydrodynamic-morphological%20modeling%20system%20to%20simulate%20the%20final%20vegetation%20cover%20and%20the%20timescale%20to%20reach%20it%20under%20various%20forcing%20conditions.%20Marsh%20development%20in%20our%20simulations%20can%20be%20divided%20in%20three%20distinctive%20phases%3A%20A%20preparation%20phase%20characterized%20by%20sediment%20accumulation%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20vegetation%2C%20an%20encroachment%20phase%20in%20which%20the%20vegetated%20area%20grows%2C%20and%20an%20adjustment%20phase%20in%20which%20the%20vegetated%20area%20remains%20relatively%20constant%20while%20marsh%20accretes%20vertically%20to%20compensate%20for%20sea%20level%20rise.%20Sediment%20concentration%2C%20settling%20velocity%2C%20sea%20level%20rise%2C%20and%20tidal%20range%20each%20comparably%20affect%20equilibrium%20coverage%20and%20timescale%20in%20different%20ways.%20Our%20simulations%20show%20that%20the%20Unvegetated-Vegetated%20Ratio%20also%20relates%20to%20sediment%20budget%20in%20marsh%20development%20under%20most%20conditions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2021GL095559%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021GL095559%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224B3HCAA2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2739623%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wittyngham%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWittyngham%2C%20S.%20S.%20%282022%29.%20%3Ci%3ESpartina%20Alterniflora%20Defense%20Against%20Herbivory%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%282691825988%29%20%5BPh.D.%2C%20The%20College%20of%20William%20and%20Mary%5D.%20ProQuest%20Dissertations%20%26amp%3B%20Theses%20Global.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fproxy01.its.virginia.edu%5C%2Flogin%3Fqurl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.proquest.com%252Fdissertations-theses%252Fspartina-alterniflora-defense-against-herbivory%252Fdocview%252F2691825988%252Fse-2%253Faccountid%253D14678%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fproxy01.its.virginia.edu%5C%2Flogin%3Fqurl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.proquest.com%252Fdissertations-theses%252Fspartina-alterniflora-defense-against-herbivory%252Fdocview%252F2691825988%252Fse-2%253Faccountid%253D14678%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.vcrlter.virginia.edu%5C%2Fhome2%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2739623%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4B3HCAA2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Spartina%20Alterniflora%20Defense%20Against%20Herbivory%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22contributor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Serina%20Sebilian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wittyngham%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Plants%20can%20alter%20their%20chemical%2C%20structural%20%28%5Cu2018resistance%20strategy%5Cu2019%29%2C%20or%20morphological%20traits%20%28%5Cu2018tolerance%20strategy%5Cu2019%29%20to%20deter%20or%20mitigate%20herbivore%20damage.%20Developed%20in%20terrestrial%20ecosystems%2C%20plant%20defense%20theory%20provides%20a%20testable%20framework%20for%20evaluating%20drivers%20of%20plant%20trait%20variation%20and%20defense%20strategy%20selection.%20Yet%2C%20it%20has%20rarely%20been%20tested%20in%20coastal%20vegetated%20ecosystems%2C%20where%20intense%20grazing%20can%20denude%20large%20spatial%20areas%20and%20disrupt%20ecosystem%20services%20and%20functioning.%20Through%20the%20lens%20of%20plant%20defense%20theory%2C%20this%20dissertation%20examines%20abiotic%20and%20biotic%20control%20on%20traits%20and%20defense%20in%20the%20tidal%20marsh%20plant%2C%20Spartina%20alterniflora%2C%20and%20assesses%20their%20influence%20on%20further%20grazing%20and%20herbivore%20distribution.%20As%20a%20foundation%20species%2C%20Spartina%20regulates%20how%20marshes%20keep%20pace%20with%20sea-level%20rise%2C%20thus%20herbivore%20removal%20of%20Spartina%20directly%20affects%20marsh%20resilience.%20In%20mesocosms%2C%20I%20manipulated%20salinity%20and%20simulated%20herbivory%20on%20brackish%20and%20freshwater%20Spartina%20to%20evaluate%20the%20growth-rate%20hypothesis%20and%20the%20optimal%20defense%20theory%20%28Chapter%20II%29.%20Simulated%20herbivory%20reduced%20tolerance%20traits%20and%20brackish%20Spartina%20was%20better%20defended%20than%20freshwater%20Spartina%2C%20supporting%20these%20hypotheses.%20Elevated%20salinity%20caused%20greater%20variation%20in%20freshwater%20Spartina%20traits%2C%20suggesting%20climate-driven%20saltwater%20intrusion%20may%20not%20affect%20brackish%20marshes%2C%20but%20could%20mediate%20freshwater%20Spartina%20response%20to%20herbivory.%20In%20mesocosms%2C%20I%20assessed%20how%20nutrient%20enrichment%20affected%20Spartina%20defense%20against%20grazing%20from%20the%20marsh%20periwinkle%2C%20Littoraria%20irrorata%20%28%5Cu2018resource-availability%20hypothesis%5Cu2019%20or%20RAH%29%20%28Chapter%20III%29.%20Trait%20variation%20was%20assessed%20across%20plant%20age%20%28original%20versus%20clonal%20new%20stems%29%2C%20which%20can%20influence%20traits%20in%20terrestrial%20plants.%20Nutrients%20promoted%20tolerance%20traits%20while%20decreasing%20constitutive%20resistance%2C%20supporting%20the%20RAH.%20Newer%20stems%20had%20higher%20tolerance%20and%20resistance%20traits%2C%20implying%20they%20are%20better%20defended%20than%20older%20stems.%20Neither%20nutrient%20availability%20nor%20plant%20age%20stimulated%20Littoraria%20consumption%20in%20feeding%20assays%2C%20suggesting%20nutrient%20loading%20will%20not%20intensify%20top-down%20control%2C%20and%20may%20increase%20vertical%20accretion%20through%20enhanced%20tolerance%20traits.%20Lastly%2C%20I%20examined%20if%20Spartina%20traits%20influenced%20consumer%20fronts%20created%20by%20the%20purple%20marsh%20crab%2C%20Sesarma%20reticulatum%20%28Chapter%20IV%29.%20Despite%20causing%20marsh%20die-off%20in%20New%20England%2C%20in%20southern%20marshes%2C%20including%20Virginia%2C%20the%20Sesarma%20front%20is%20moving%20inland%2C%20allowing%20tall-form%20Spartina%20to%20revegetate%20and%20prevent%20marsh%20loss.%20Others%20hypothesized%20that%20sediment%20characteristics%2C%20abiotic%20conditions%2C%20and%20predation%20pressure%20drive%20this%20movement%20inland.%20Here%2C%20I%20tested%20if%20Spartina%20palatability%2C%20nutritional%20quality%2C%20and%20accessibility%20also%20act%20as%20a%20driver%2C%20as%20plant%20traits%20can%20determine%20herbivore%20distribution%20in%20terrestrial%20ecosystems.%20A%20caging%20study%20then%20evaluated%20if%20Sesarma%20grazing%20directly%20shapes%20Spartina%20traits.%20Intense%20predation%20pressure%20in%20the%20low%20marsh%20and%20enhanced%20Spartina%20forage%20quality%20in%20the%20high%20marsh%20were%20the%20only%20significant%20predictors%20of%20Sesarma%20front%20movement.%20Grazing%20from%20Sesarma%20affected%20short-%20and%20tall-form%20Spartina%20differently.%20Herbivory%20increased%20palatability%20and%20reduced%20short-form%20Spartina%5Cu2019s%20ability%20to%20mitigate%20damage%2C%20while%20having%20little%20effect%20on%20tall-form%20Spartina.%20Thus%2C%20higher%20constitutive%20defense%20in%20tall-form%20and%20increased%20palatability%20of%20short-form%20Spartina%20further%20propagate%20the%20Sesarma%20front%20inland.%20Overall%2C%20this%20dissertation%20demonstrates%20that%20plant%20traits%20can%20influence%20ecosystem%20resilience%2C%20directly%20through%20biomass%20production%2C%20and%20indirectly%20by%20shaping%20herbivore%20distribution%2C%20and%20should%20be%20considered%20when%20assessing%20how%20coastal%20vegetated%20ecosystems%20are%20affected%20by%20climate%20change%20and%20anthropogenic%20disturbance.%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22Ph.D.%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22The%20College%20of%20William%20and%20Mary%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fproxy01.its.virginia.edu%5C%2Flogin%3Fqurl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.proquest.com%252Fdissertations-theses%252Fspartina-alterniflora-defense-against-herbivory%252Fdocview%252F2691825988%252Fse-2%253Faccountid%253D14678%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222LAF7PXI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-03T16%3A36%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Woods, N. N., & Zinnert, J. C. (2024). Shrub encroachment of coastal ecosystems depends on dune elevation. Plant Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-024-01453-2 Cite
Tassone, S. J., Ewers Lewis, C. J., McGlathery, K. J., & Pace, M. L. (2024). Seagrass ecosystem recovery: Experimental removal and synthesis of disturbance studies. Limnology and Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12608 Cite
Turrietta, E., & Reidenbach, M. A. (2024). Edge effects of a fragmented seagrass habitat on flow, bivalve recruitment, and sediment dynamics. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 732, 53–71. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14545 Cite
Rubin, E. V. L., Blum, L. K., & Mills, A. L. (2024). Effect of Flooding on Water-Table Elevation and Salinity in an Abandoned Coastal Agricultural Field. Journal of Coastal Research. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-23-00071.1 Cite
Rubin, E. V. (2024). Salt Marsh Migration into Abandoned Agricultural Fields and the Role of Kosteletzkya pentacarpos in Ecosystem Transition (10.18130/mxtn-wb21) [University of Virginia]. https://doi.org/10.18130/mxtn-wb21 Cite
Porter, J. H., & Dueser, R. D. (2024). A Low-Cost Small-Mammal Camera Trap for Research and Education. The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 105(3), e02142. https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.2142 Cite
LaRoche, C. (2024). Understanding variability and drivers of seawater inorganic carbonate chemistry across temperate nearshore marine systems in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic (10.18130/sc6g-xt43) [Ph.D Dissertation, University of Virginia]. https://doi.org/10.18130/sc6g-xt43 Cite
Berger, A. C., & Berg, P. (2024). Eelgrass meadow response to heat stress. I. Temperature threshold for ecosystem production derived from in situ aquatic eddy covariance measurements. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 736, 35–46. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14587 Cite
Murphy, E. A. K., & Reidenbach, M. A. (2024). Pulsatile Ventilation Flow in Polychaete Alitta succinea Burrows. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12(7), 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071037 Cite
Brahmey, E. I., McGlathery, K. J., & Doney, S. C. (2024). Quantifying seasonal to multi-decadal signals in coastal water quality using high- and low-frequency time series data. Cambridge Prisms: Coastal Futures, 2, e8. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/cft.2024.6 Cite
Berger, A. C., Berg, P., McGlathery, K. J., Aoki, L. R., & Kerns, K. (2024). Eelgrass meadow response to heat stress. II. Impacts of ocean warming and marine heatwaves measured by novel metrics. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 736, 47–62. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14587 Cite
Tassone, S. J., & Pace, M. L. (2023). Increased Frequency of Sediment Heatwaves in a Virginia Seagrass Meadow. Estuaries and Coasts. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-023-01314-7 Cite
Smith, A. J., McGlathery, K., Chen, Y., Ewers Lewis, C. J., Doney, S. C., Gedan, K., LaRoche, C. K., Berg, P., Pace, M. L., Zinnert, J. C., & Kirwan, M. L. (2023). Compensatory Mechanisms Absorb Regional Carbon Losses Within a Rapidly Shifting Coastal Mosaic. Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-023-00877-7 Cite
Buelo, C. D., Besterman, A. F., Walter, J. A., Pace, M. L., Ha, D. T., & Tassone, S. J. (2023). Quantifying Disturbance and Recovery in Estuaries: Tropical Cyclones and High-Frequency Measures of Oxygen and Salinity. Estuaries and Coasts. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-023-01255-1 Cite
Buelo, C. D., Besterman, A. F., Walter, J. A., Pace, M. L., Ha, D. T., & Tassone, S. J. (2023). Quantifying Disturbance and Recovery in Estuaries: Tropical Cyclones and High-Frequency Measures of Oxygen and Salinity. Estuaries and Coasts. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-023-01255-1 Cite
Yang, J., Dai, Z., Lou, Y., Mei, X., & Fagherazzi, S. (2023). Image-based machine learning for monitoring the dynamics of deltaic islands in the Atchafalaya River Delta Complex between 1991 and 2019. Journal of Hydrology, 623, 129814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129814 Cite
Sward, R., Philbrick, A., Morreale, J., Baird, C. J., & Gedan, K. (2023). Shrub expansion in maritime forest responding to sea level rise. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1167880 Cite
Valentine, K., Herbert, E. R., Walters, D. C., Chen, Y., Smith, A. J., & Kirwan, M. L. (2023). Climate-driven tradeoffs between landscape connectivity and the maintenance of the coastal carbon sink. Nature Communications, 14(1), 1137. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36803-7 Cite
Wittyngham, S. S., Carey, J., & Johnson, D. S. (2023). Resource availability and plant age drive defense against herbivory in salt marshes. Oikos, 2023(8), e09672. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.09672 Cite
Wiberg, P. L. (2023). Temperature amplification and marine heatwave alteration in shallow coastal bays. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 1129295. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1129295 Cite
Wisnoski, N. I., Andrade, R., Castorani, M. C., Catano, C. P., Compagnoni, A., Lamy, T., Lany, N. K., Marazzi, L., Record, S., & Smith, A. C. (2023). Diversity–stability relationships across organism groups and ecosystem types become decoupled across spatial scales. Ecology, 104(9), e4136. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4136 Cite
Tassone, S. J. (2023). Quantifying Heatwaves and Seagrass Recovery Dynamics in Aquatic Ecosystems (10.18130/0vkc-jj16) [University of Virginia]. https://doi.org/10.18130/0vkc-jj16 Cite
Smith, R. S., Cheng, S. L., & Castorani, M. C. (2023). Meta‐analysis of ecosystem services associated with oyster restoration. Conservation Biology, 37(1), e13966. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13966 Cite
Smith, R. S., & Castorani, M. C. (2023). Meta‐analysis reveals drivers of restoration success for oysters and reef community. Ecological Applications, e2865. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2865 Cite
Reeves, I. R. B., Moore, L. J., Valentine, K., Fagherazzi, S., & Kirwan, M. L. (2023). Sediment Exchange Across Coastal Barrier Landscapes Alters Ecosystem Extents. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(14), e2023GL103680. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103680 Cite
Nur, N. B., & Bachmann, C. M. (2023). Comparison of Soil Moisture Content Retrieval Models Utilizing Hyperspectral Goniometer Data and Hyperspectral Imagery From an Unmanned Aerial System. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 128(6), e2023JG007381. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007381 Cite
Lang, S. E., Luis, K. M. A., Doney, S. C., Cronin-Golomb, O., & Castorani, M. C. N. (2023). Modeling Coastal Water Clarity Using Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2. Earth and Space Science, 10(7), e2022EA002579. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002579 Cite
Halpern, B. S., Boettiger, C., Dietze, M. C., Gephart, J. A., Gonzalez, P., Grimm, N. B., Groffman, P. M., Gurevitch, J., Hobbie, S. E., & Komatsu, K. J. (2023). Priorities for synthesis research in ecology and environmental science. Ecosphere, 14(1), e4342. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4342 Cite
Nordio, G., Frederiks, R., Hingst, M., Carr, J., Kirwan, M., Gedan, K., Michael, H., & Fagherazzi, S. (2023). Frequent Storm Surges Affect the Groundwater of Coastal Ecosystems. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(1), e2022GL100191. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100191 Cite
Nordio, G., & Fagherazzi, S. (2023). Recovery of salt marsh vegetation after ice-rafting. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 710, 57–70. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14294 Cite
Hardison, S. B., McGlathery, K. J., & Castorani, M. C. N. (2023). Effects of seagrass restoration on coastal fish abundance and diversity. Conservation Biology, n/a(n/a), e14147. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14147 Cite
Donatelli, C., Passalacqua, P., Wright, K., Salter, G., Lamb, M. P., Jensen, D., & Fagherazzi, S. (2023). Quantifying Flow Velocities in River Deltas via Remotely Sensed Suspended Sediment Concentration. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(4), e2022GL101392. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101392 Cite
Call, M. N., Wilke, A. L., Poulton, Z., Boettcher, R., Karpanty, S. M., Kwon, E., Lipford, A., Gardner, E. D., Anderson, L., & Fraser, J. D. (2023). Comparing in-person versus camera monitoring of shorebird reproductive success. Waterbirds, 45(3), 312–327. https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0310 Cite
Brahmey, E. (2023). Exploring Spatial and Temporal Differences Between High and Low Frequency Water Quality Data in Coastal Virginia (10.18130/99sn-hh38) [M.S., University of Virginia,]. https://doi.org/10.18130/99sn-hh38 Cite
Tedford, K. N., & Castorani, M. C. N. (2022). Meta-analysis reveals controls on oyster predation. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1055240 Cite
Chen, Y., & Kirwan, M. L. (2022). A phenology- and trend-based approach for accurate mapping of sea-level driven coastal forest retreat. Remote Sensing of Environment, 281, 113229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113229 Cite
Chen, Y., & Kirwan, M. L. (2022). Climate-driven decoupling of wetland and upland biomass trends on the mid-Atlantic coast. Nature Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01041-x Cite
Cheng, S. L., Tedford, K. N., Smith, R. S., Hardison, S., Cornish, M. R., & Castorani, M. C. N. (2022). Coastal Vegetation and Bathymetry Influence Blue Crab Abundance Across Spatial Scales. Estuaries and Coasts, 45(6), 1701–1715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-021-01039-5 Cite
Tassone, S. J., Besterman, A. F., Buelo, C. D., Walter, J. A., & Pace, M. L. (2022). Co-occurrence of Aquatic Heatwaves with Atmospheric Heatwaves, Low Dissolved Oxygen, and Low pH Events in Estuarine Ecosystems. Estuaries and Coasts, 45(3), 707–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-021-01009-x Cite
Nordio, G., & Fagherazzi, S. (2022). Salinity increases with water table elevation at the boundary between salt marsh and forest. Journal of Hydrology, 608, 127576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127576 Cite
Kottler, E. J., & Gedan, K. B. (2022). Sexual reproduction is light-limited as marsh grasses colonize maritime forest. American Journal of Botany, 109(4), 514–525. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1831 Cite
Wang, J., Dai, Z., Fagherazzi, S., Zhang, X., & Liu, X. (2022). Hydro-morphodynamics triggered by extreme riverine floods in a mega fluvial-tidal delta. Science of The Total Environment, 809, 152076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152076 Cite
Smith, R. S., Hogan, S., Tedford, K. N., Lusk, B., Reidenbach, M. A., & Castorani, M. C. N. (2022). Long-term data reveal greater intertidal oyster biomass in predicted suitable habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 683, 221–226. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13949 Cite
Berg, P., Huettel, M., Glud, R. N., Reimers, C. E., & Attard, K. M. (2022). Aquatic Eddy Covariance: The Method and Its Contributions to Defining Oxygen and Carbon Fluxes in Marine Environments. Ann Rev Mar Sci, 14, 431–455. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-042121-012329 Cite
Zhu, Q., Wiberg, P. L., & McGlathery, K. J. (2022). Seasonal growth and senescence of seagrass alters sediment accumulation rates and carbon burial in a coastal lagoon. Limnology and Oceanography, 67(9), 1931–1942. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12178 Cite
Zhang, X., Wright, K., Passalacqua, P., Simard, M., & Fagherazzi, S. (2022). Improving Channel Hydrological Connectivity in Coastal Hydrodynamic Models With Remotely Sensed Channel Networks. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 127(3), e2021JF006294. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006294 Cite
Zhu, Q., & Wiberg, P. L. (2022). The Importance of Storm Surge for Sediment Delivery to Microtidal Marshes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 127(9), e2022JF006612. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JF006612 Cite
Zhu, Q. (2022). Sediment Connectivity in the Coupled Tidal Flat-Seagrass-Marsh System [Ph.D, University of Virginia]. https://doi.org/10.18130/jssv-7037 Cite
Xu, Y., Kalra, T. S., Ganju, N. K., & Fagherazzi, S. (2022). Modeling the Dynamics of Salt Marsh Development in Coastal Land Reclamation. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(6), e2021GL095559. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095559 Cite
Wittyngham, S. S. (2022). Spartina Alterniflora Defense Against Herbivory (2691825988) [Ph.D., The College of William and Mary]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. http://proxy01.its.virginia.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdissertations-theses%2Fspartina-alterniflora-defense-against-herbivory%2Fdocview%2F2691825988%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D14678 Cite