.cw 12 .oj off .lh 8 .lq on .ps off .po 0 .po 0 .ul off .sr 3 .lm 6 .pm 365 .oj off Ahern, Sean C. and C. Wee. 1991. Data space volumes and classification optimization of SPOT and Landsat TM data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 57:61-65. |* Anderson, Dr. R.R., Dr. F.J. Wobber. 1973. Wetlands Mapping in New Jersey. Photogrammetric Engineering. :353-358. Baker, W.L. 1989. A review of models of landscape change. Landscape Ecology 2:111-133. |* whole landscape, distributional and spatial landscape models depending on amount of detail or aggregation in model. Suggests empirical multivariate studies of landscape change, modeling of individual processes, explicit study of scale effects and scaling up of studies on smaller land areas. Barrett, E.C. and L.F. Curtis. 1982. Introduction to environmental remote sensing. 2nd ed. Chapman and Hall, New York. 352 pp. | book varies in depth. little on classif. more on manual methods Bartlett, D.S. and V. Klemas. 1981. In Situ Spectral Reflectance Studies of Tidal Wetland Grasses. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 47:1695-1703. Briggs, J.M. and M.D. Nellis. 1991. Seasonal Variation of Heterogeneity in the Tallgrass Prairie: A Quantitative Measure Using Remote Sensing. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 57:407-411. Buechner, M. 1989. Are small-scale landscape features important factors for field studies of small mammal dispersal sinks? Landscape Ecology 2:191-199. |* literature meta-study looking at source and sink characteristics. Buechner, M. 1989. Are small-scale landscape features important factors for field studies of small mammal dispersal sinks? Landscape Ecology 2:191-199. |* literature meta-study looking at source and sink characteristics. Burkard, R.K. 1962. Geodesy for the Layman. U.S. Aeronautical Chart and Information Center, St. Louis. |introduction to geodesy (applied math to determine exact points over large portions of earth's surface), GIS, projection Burke, I.C., D. S. Schimel, C.M. Yonker, W.J. Parton, L.A. Joyce, and W.K. Lauenroth. 1990. Regional Modeling of grassland biogeochemistry using GIS. Landscape Ecology. 4:45-54. Burke, I.C., D.S. Schimel, C.M. Yonker, W.J. Warton, L.A. Joyce and W.K. Lauenroth. 1990. Regional modeling of grassland biogeochemistry using GIS. Landscape Ecology 4:45-54. |* Burke, I.C., D.S. Schimel, C.M. Yonker, W.J. Warton, L.A. Joyce and W.K. Lauenroth. 1990. Regional modeling of grassland biogeochemistry using GIS. Landscape Ecology 4:45-54. |* Callahan, J.T. 1984. Long-Term Ecological Research. BioScience. 34:363-367. Chavez, Jr., P.S., S.C. Sides, and J.A. Anderson. 1991. Comparison of Three Different Methods to Merge Multiresolution and Multispectral Data: Landsat TM and SPOT Panchromatic. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 57:295-303. Chavez, P.S. and J.A. Bowell. 1988. Comparison of the spectral information content of Landsat Thematic Mapper and SPOT for three different sites in the Phoenix, Arizona region. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 54:1699-1708. |* Cohen, J.E. and C.M. Newman. 1988. Dynamic basis of food web organization. Ecology 69:1655-1664. Conant, R., J.C. Mitchell and C.A. Pague. 1990. Herpetofauna of the Virginia Barrier Islands. Va. Jour. Sci. 41:364-380. Conese, C., G. Maracchi, F. Miglietta and F. Maselli. 1988. Forest classification by principal component analyses of TM data. Int. J. Remote Sensing 9:1597-1612. |*$ PCA. PC1 primarily related to insolation (scene brightness), while subsequent PCs are not. Congdon, P. 1991. Spatiotemporal models for small area social indices. Papers in Regional Science 70:243-265. Congdon, P., and R. Thomas. 1991. Introduction: Spatial statistics and modeling. Papers in Regional Science 70:221- 222. |* intro to symposium issue Cranford, J.A. and M.S. Maly. 1990. Small Mammal Population Densities and Habitat Associations on Chincoteaguc National Wildlife Refuge, Assateague Island, Virginia. Va. Jour. Sci. 41:321-329. Crist, E.P. and R.J. Kauth. 1986. The tasseled cap de-mystified. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 52:81-86. |* Davis, F.W. and S. Goetz. 1990. Modeling vegetation pattern using digital terrain data. Landscape Ecology. 4:69-80. Delacourt, H.R., and P.A. Delacourt. 1988. Quaternary landscape ecology: Relevant scales in space and time. Landscape Ecology 2:23-44. |* hierarchy, archaeology Doyle, A.T. 1990. Use of riparian and upland habitats by small mammals. J. Mamm. 71:14-23. |species richness and total numbers higher in riparian areas. Dueser, R.D. 1990. Biota of the Virginia Barrier Islands: Symposium Introduction. Va. Jour. Sci. 41:257-258. Dunn, C.P., D.M. Sharpe, G.R. Guntenspergen, F. Stearns and Z. Yang. 1991. In: Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner, eds. Springer Verlag, New York. pp:173-198. |* change analysis Ernst-Dottavio, C.L., R.M. Hoffer and R.P. Mroczynsk. 1981. Spectral Characteristics of Wetland Habitats. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 47:223-227. Fahrig, L. 1988. A General Model of Populations in Patchy Habitats. Applied Mathematics and Computation. 27:53-66. Flowerdew, R., M. Green and E. Kehris. 1991. Using areal interpolation methods in geographical information systems. Papers in Regional Science 70:303-315. |* dealing with incompatible areal units using GIS. Improved estimates using ancilliary data. Expectation/maximization (EM) iterative algorythm used Forman, R.T.T. 1987. The ethics of isolation, the spread of disturbance and landscape ecology. In: M.G. Turner (ed.), Landscape heterogeneity and disturbance. Springer-Verlag, New York, pages 213-229. |* Forman, R.T.T. and M. Godron. 1986. Landscape Ecology. Wiley and Sons, New York. |text on landscape ecology -- principles and definitions. Franklin, J. 1986. Thematic mapper analyses of coniferous forest structure and composition. Int. J. of Remote Sensing 7:1287- 1301. | Trees, forest Franklin, J.F. and R.T.T. Forman. 1987. Creating landscape patterns by forest cutting: ecological consequences and principles. Landscape Ecology 1:5-18. |* pattern, patch size, game populations Frase, B.A., T.M. Pizzuto and L.L. Getz. 1990. Surviorship of bled voles measured by recapture. J. Mamm. 71:104-105. |surviorship slightly lower 77% vs 83% Gardner, R.H. and R.V. O'Neill. 1991. Pattern, process and predictability: the use of neutral models for landscape analysis. In: Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner, eds. Springer Verlag, New York. pp:289-307. |* percolation, contagion, aggregation Gardner, R.H., B.T. Milne, M.G. Turner and R.V. O'Neill. 1987. Neutral models for the analysis of broad-scale landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology 1:19-28. |* scale, resolution, fractals, percolation theory, pattern Gardner, R.H., R.V. O'Neill, M.G. Turner and V.H. Dale. 1989. Quantifying scale-dependent effects of animal movement with simple percolation models. Landscape Ecology 3:217-227. |* simple relationships between pattern and process produce scale dependent effects Goldberg, D.E. and K.L. Gross. 1988. Disturbance regimes of midsuccesional old fields. Ecology 69:1677-1688. |monitored areas of bare patches, patches often caused by mammals. mostly too small for perenial seeds but may be important for annual seeds. Goodchild, M. and S. Gopal. 1989. The Accuracy of Spatial Databases. Taylor and Francis, Bristol, PA. 290 pp. | errors, resolution Greegor, D.H. Jr. 1986. Ecology from space. Bioscience 36:429- 432. |*$ basic intro to satellite remote sensing systems. MSS AVHRR, HRV, TM Greegor, Jr., D.H. 1986. Ecology from Space. BioScience. 36:429- 432. Griffith, D.A. 1987. Spatial autocorrelation: a primer. Resource publications in geography. Association of American Geographers. |* excellent introduction to spatial autocorrelation, definitions, sampling, measurement, randomization, statistics Griffith, D.A. 1988. Advanced spatial statistics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. p. 274. | fairly detailed examination of specific issues, not a general text! Gross, M.F., M.A. Hardisky, P.L. Wolf, and V. Klemas. 1991. Relationship Between Aboveground and Belowground Biomass of Spartina alterniflora (Smooth Cordgrass). Estuaries. 14:180- 191. Haining, R. 1991. Estimation with heteroscedastic and correlated errors: a spatial analysis of intra-urban mortality data. Papers in Regional Science 70:223-241. |* statistics Hall, F.G., D.E. Strebel and P.J. Sellers. 1988. Linking knowledge among spatial and temporal scales: Vegetation, atmosphere, climate and remote sensing. Landscape Ecology 2:3-32. |* Large scale models (GCM etc.). FIFE Hall, F.G., D.E. Strebel and P.J. Sellers> 1988. Linking knowledge among spatial and temporal scales: Vegetation, atmosphere, climate and remote sensing. Landscape Ecology 2:3-32. |* Large scale models (GCM etc.). FIFE Hardin, P.J. and C.N. Thomson. 1992. Fast Nearest Neighbor Classification Methods for Multispectral Imagery. Professional Geographer. 44:191-201. Hardisky, M.A., F.C. Daiber, C.T. Roman, and V. Klemas. 1984. Remote Sensing of Biomass and Annual Net Aerial Primary Productivity of a Salt Marsh. Remote Sens. Environ. 16:91- 106. Hardisky, M.A., M.F. Gross, and V,. Klemas. 1986. Remote Sensing of Coastal Wetlands. BioScience. 36:453-460. Hardisky, M.A., R.M. Smart, and V. Klemas. 1983. Seasonal Spectral Characteristics and Aboveground Biomass of the Tidal Marsh Plant, Spartina alterniflora. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 49:85-92. Hardisky, M.A., V. Klemas, and R.M. Smart. 1983. The Influence of Soil Salinity, Growth Form, and Leaf Moisture on the Spectral Radiance of Spartina alterniflora Canopies. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 49:77-83. Harris, L.D. 1984. The fragmented forest. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, USA. pp. 211. | good discusion of application of island bigeography, animal community (detailed species breakdowns for mammals summarizing elevation, home-range etc.), genetics, diversity habitat, buffers, connectivity and changes (dynamics). Good, comprehensive landscape treatment. Hastings, A. 1988. Food web theory and stability. Ecology 69:1665-1668. Hestbeck, J.B., J.D. Nichols and R.A. Malecki. 1991. Estimates of Movement and Site Fidelity Using Mark-Resight Data of Wintering Canada Geese. Ecology. 72:523-533. Howarth, P.J. and G.M. Wickware. 1981. Procedures for change detection mapping using Landsat digital data. Int. J. Remote Sensing 2:277-291. | change analysis using classified data Huete, A.R. 1987. Soil and sun angle interactions on partial canopy spectra. Int. J. Remote Sensing 8:1307-1317. |*$ sunlit and shaded soil contributions altered veg. index signif. Irons, J.R., B.L. Markham, R.F. Nelson, D.L. Toll and D.L. Williams. 1985. The effects of spatial resolution on the classification of Thematic Mapper data. Int. J. Remote Sensing 6:1385-1403. |*$ Interesting. Increased resolution not necessarily beneficial. Spatial variablity increases, while number of "mixed" pixels decreases. Iverson, L.R. 1988. Land-use changes in Illinois, USA: The influence of landscape attributes on current and historic land use. Landscape Ecology. 2:45-61. Jackson, R.D. 1983. Spectral indices in ^Sn^S-space. Remote Sensing of Environment 13:409-421. |*$ comparison of linear combos of satellite bands to detect veg. Jenson, J.R. 1981. Urban change detection mapping using Landsat digital data. The Amer. Cartographer 8:127-147. Jenson, J.R. 1986. Introductory Digital Image Processing. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. xii+379 pp. Jenson, J.R. and D.L. Toll. 1982. Detecting residential land-use development at the urban fringe. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 48:629-643. Jenson, J.R., M.E. Hodgson, E. Christensen, H.E. Mackey, Jr., L.R. Tinney and R. Sharitz. 1986. Remote sensing inland wetlands: a multispectral approach. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 52:87-100. |* Johnson, L.B. 1990. Analyzing spatial and temporal phenomena using geographical information systems. Landscape Ecology 4:31-41. |* a review of ecological applications. Basic principles of GIS. Johnson, L.B. 1990. Analyzing spatial and temporal phenomena using geographical information systems. Landscape Ecology 4:31-41. |* a review of ecological applications. Basic principles of GIS. Overlays, proximities, vector, raster, quadtree Johnson, L.B. and R.J. Naiman. 1987. Boundary dynamics at the aquatic-terrestrial interface: the influence of beaver and geomorphology. Landscape Ecology 1:47-57. |* patch, boundary Johnson, L.B. and R.J. Naiman. 1990. The use of geographic information system to analyze long-term landscape alteration by beaver. Landscape Ecology 4:5-19. |* change analysis, GIS, transitions, Joria, P.E., S.C. Ahearn and M. Connor. 1991. A comparison of the SPOT and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite systems for detecting gypsy moth defoliation in Michigan. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 57:1605-1612. |* Keddy, P.A. and B. Shipley. 1989. Competitive hierarchies in herbaceous plant communities. Oikos. 54:234-241. Kemp, K.K., M.F. Goodchild, and R.F. Dodson. 1992. Teaching GIS in Geography*. Professional Geographer. 44:181-191. King, A.W. 1991. Translating models across scales in the landscape. In: Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner, eds. Springer Verlag, New York. pp:479-517. |* hierarchy, aggregation, scale, grain, extent, extrapolation Kirkland, Jr., G.L., and T.V. Fleming. 1990. Ecology of Feral House Mice (mus musculus) on Wallops Island, Virginia. Va. Jour. Sci. 41:330-339. Kolasa, J. and D. Strayer. 1988. Patterns of the abundance of species: a comparison of two hierarchical models. Oikos. 53:235-241. LaGro, Jr., J. 1991. Assessing Patch Shape in Landscape Mosaics. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 57:285-293. Lanter, D.P. and H. Veregin. 1992. A research paradigm for propogating error in layer-based GIS. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 58:825-833. |* Lavreau, J. 1991. De-hazing Landsat Thematic Mapper images. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 57:1296-1302. Legendre, P. and M-J. Fortin. 1989. Spatial pattern and ecological analysis. Vegetatio 80:107-138. |* geostatistics mantel test, spatial autocorrelation Leick, A. 1990. GPS satellite surveying. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York. pp. 352. |good introduction to GPS, including network analysis Levy, G.F. 1990. Vegetation Dynamics on the Virginia Barrier Islands. Va. Jour. Sci. 41:300-306. Lunetta, R.S., R.G. Congalton, L.K. Fenstermaker, J.R. Jensen, K.C. McGwire, and L.R. Tinney. 1991. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Data Integration: Error Sources and Research Issues. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 57:677-687. Martin, D. 1991. Representing the socioeconomic world. Papers in Regional Science 70:317-327. |* raster techniques preferred over vector GIS systems for dealing with incompatible aerial units at different scales. interpolation Mather, P.M. 1987. Computer Processing of Remotely-sensed Images: An Introduction. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 352 pp. | good moderately technical book. broad coverage of image processing Meentemeyer, V. and E.O. Box. 1987. Scale effects in landscape studies. In: Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance. M.G. Turner, (ed.) Springer-Verlag, New York. pp:15-34. |* introduction to scaling effects etc. problems with parametric statistics Meentemyer, V. 1989. Geographical perspectives of space, time and scale. Landscape Ecology 3:163-173. |* geographical viewpoint, problems with parametric statistics Merriam, G., K. Henein and K. Stuart-Smith. 1991. Landscape dynamics models. In: Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner, eds. Springer Verlag, New York. pp:399-416. |* population, dispersal, corridor, non-corridor, pool models Milne, B.T. 1988. Measuring the fractal geometry of landscapes. Applied Mathematics and Computation 27:67-79. |* Fractals, perimeter area, diversity. Wide range of methods Milne, B.T. 1991. Lessons from applying fractal models to landscape patterns. In: Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner, eds. Springer Verlag, New York. pp:199-235. |* Milne, B.T., K.M. Johnston and R.T.T. Forman. 1989. Scale- dependent proximity of wildlife habitat in a spatially- neutral Baysian model. Landscape Ecology 2:101-110. |* deer, scaling, habitat, distribution model Mueller-Dombois, D. 1988. Community organization and ecosystem theory. Can. J. Bot. 66:2620-2625. Muller, J.P. ed. 1988. Digital Image Processing in Remote Sensing. Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia. 275 pp. | collection of papers most technical and specific Musick, H.B. and H.D. Grover. 1991. Image textural measures as indices of landscape pattern. In: Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner, eds. Springer Verlag, New York. pp:77-103. |* texture, scale Nellis M.D. and J.M. Briggs. 1989. The effect of spatial scale on Konza landscape classification using textural analysis. Landscape Ecology 2:93-100. |* spatial scale, texture, remote sensing, MSS, TM O'Neill, R.V., A.R. Johnson and A.W. King. 1989. A hierarchical framework for the analysis of scale. Landscape Ecology 3:193-205. O'Neill, R.V., B.T. Milne, M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner. 1988. Resource utilization scales and landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology 2:63-69. |* simple probability models. sparse resources require larger animal range, multiple resources more still. percolation theory O'Neill, R.V., J.R. Krummel, R.H. Gardner, G. Sugihara, B. Jackson, D.I. DeAngelis, B.T. Milne, M.G. Turner, B. Zygmunt, S.W. Christensen, V.H. Dale and R.I. Graham. 1988. Indices of landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology 1:153-162. |* index, dominance, contagion, fractal Odum, W.E., T.J. Smith, III, and R. Dolan. 1987. Suppression of Natural Disturbance: Long-Term Ecological Change on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Landscape Hetergeneity and Disturbance. M.G. Turner(ed) 1987 Springer-Veulag New York. Odum, W.E., T.J. Smith, III, and R. Dolan. 1987. Suppression of natural disturbance: Long-term ecological change on the outer banks of North Carolina. In: Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance. M.G. Turner, (ed.) Springer-Verlag, New York. pp:15-34. | island, dunes Paine, R.T. 1988. Food webs: road maps of interactions or grist for theoretical development. Ecology 69:1648-1654. Pastor, J. and M. Broschart. 1990. The spatial pattern of a northern conifer-hardwood landscape. Landscape Ecology 4:55- 68. |* fractals GIS Peters, R.H. 1988. Some general problems for ecology illustrated by food web theory. Ecology 69:1673-1676. Pimm, S.L. and R.L. Kitching. 1988. Food web patterns: trivial flaws or the basis of an active research program? Ecology 69:1669-1672. Quattrochi, D.A. and R.E. Pelletier. 1991. Remote sensing for analysis of landscapes: an introduction. In: Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner, eds. Springer Verlag, New York. pp:51-76. |* Reichman, O.J., T.G. Whitham and G.A. Ruffner. 1982. Adaptive geometry of burrow spacing in two pocket gopher populations. Ecology 63:687-695. Reichman, O.J., T.G. Whitham and G.A. Ruffner. 1982. Adaptive geometry of burrow spacing in two pocket gopher populations. Ecology 63:687-695. |mammal Risser, P.G. 1987. Landscape ecology: state of the art. In: Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance. Turner, M.G. (ed.) Springer-Verlag, New York. pp:3-14 |* good, general introduction to landscape ecology, Principle elements: heterogeneity,landscape, disturbance. Brief discussion scaling and hierarchy Rock, B.N., J.E. Vogelmann, D.L. Williams, A.F. Vogelmann, and T. Hoshizaki. 1986. Remote Detection of Forest Damage. BioScience. 36:439-445. Rosenfield, G.H. 1981. Analysis of variance of thematic mapping experiment data. Photogrammic Engineering and Remote Sensing 47:1685-????. | statistics, ANOVA Rosenfield, G.H. 1981. Analysis of variance of thematic mapping experiment data. Photogrammic Engineering and Remote Sensing 47:1685-????. | statistics, ANOVA Ryan, T.W., P.J. Sementilli, P. Yuen, and B.R. Hunt. 1991. Extraction of Shoreline Features by Neural Nets and Image Processing. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 57:947-955. Simon, H.A. 1962. The Architecture of Complexity. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 106:467-482. Stow, D.A., L.R. Tinney and J.E. Estes. 1980. Deriving land use land change statistics from Landsat: a study of prime agricultural land. Proceedings, 14th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. Ann Arbor, Mich.:ERIM, pp. 1227-1237. | critical of change analysis using classified data unless classifications of every date extremely accurate. Strong, D.R. 1988. Food web theory: a ladder for picking strawberries? Ecology 69:1647. Sullivan, R.M., S.W. Calhoun and I.F. Greenbaum. 1990. Geographic variation in genital morphology among insular and mainland populations of Peromyscus maniculatus and Peromyscus oreas . J. Mamm. 71:48-58. |no evidence of increased divergence in sympatry. Insular animals larger. Sullivan, R.M., S.W. Calhoun and I.F. Greenbaum. 1990. Geographic variation in genital morphology among insular and mainland populations of Peromyscus maniculatus and Peromyscus oreas . J. Mamm. 71:48-58. |no evidence of increased divergence in sympatry. Insular animals larger. island Swanson, F.J. and R.E. Sparks. 1990. Long-Term Ecological Research and the Invisible Place. BioScience. 40:502-508. Thapa, K. and J. Bossler. 1992. Accuracy of spatial data used in geographic information systems. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 58:835-841. |* Thomas, I.L., V.M. Benning and N.P. Ching. 1987. Classification of remotely sensed images. Adam Hilger, Bristol. 268 pp. | book-- fairly technical and succinct treatment. Indices of separability Does not include T.M. only MSS from satellite. Toth, R.E. 1988. Theory and language in landscape analysis, planning, and evaluation. Landscape Ecology 1:193-201. |* structure, analysis, planning theory, paradigm Townsend, J.R.G., C.O. Justice and V. Kalb. 1987. Characterization and classification of South American land cover types using satellite data. Int. J. Remote Sensing 8:1189-1207. |*$ Use low res AVHRR data to compare classification tech. using normalized vegetation index (near IR-red)/(near IR+RED). Compared PCA, characteristic curves and maximum liklihood(best). Townsend, T.E. 1987. A comparison of Landsat MSS and TM imagery for interpretation of geological structure. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 53:1245-1249. |greater spatial resolution of TM allowed faults and folds to be interpreted more reliably. Turner, M. 1990. Spatial and temporal analysis of landscape patterns. Landscape Ecology 4:21-30. |* SPAN program for computing proportion covered, size and perimeter of each patch, fractal dimension of patch perimeter (1=square 2=very complex), edges, probilities of adjacency, diversity, dominance and contagion indices. Also Neutral models, percolation theory (percolation threshold=0.5928 -- habitats taking up more than 59% tend to be highly connected), extrapolation across spatial scales (difficult, if not impossible as information is lost with large grain size), Linking models and GIS. Turner, M.G. (ed.) 1987. Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance. Springer-Verlag, New York. 241p. Turner, M.G. 1987. Spatial simulation of landscape changes in Georgia: a comparison of 3 transition models. Landscape Ecology 1:29-36. |* fractal dimension Turner, M.G. 1989. Landscape ecology:the effect of pattern on process. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 20:171-197. |* review, spatial pattern, dominance contagion fractal dimension, models, movement, nutrients Turner, M.G. 1990. Spatial and temporal analysis of landscape patterns. Landscape Ecology 4:21-30. |* SPAN program for computing proportion covered, size and perimeter of each patch, fractal dimension of patch perimeter (1=square 2=very complex), edges, probilities of adjacency, diversity, dominance and contagion indices. Also Neutral models, percolation theory (percolation threshold=0.5928 -- habitats taking up more than 59% tend to be highly connected), extrapolation across spatial scales (difficult, if not impossible as information is lost with large grain size), Linking models and GIS. Turner, M.G. and R.H. Gardner. 1991. Quantitative methods in landscape ecology: an introduction. In: Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner, eds. Springer Verlag, New York. pp: |* good general discussion, space, time, scale Turner, M.G. and S.P. Bratton. 1987. Fire, grazing, and the landscape heterogeneity of a Georgia barrier island. In: Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance. M.G. Turner, (ed.) Springer-Verlag, New York. pp:85-101. |*disturbance: fire and grazing. Hypotheses: "1. Young, immature, resilient ecosystems may be energy sources for propagation of fire and grazing disturbances across the landscape. Mature, resistant, long-lived ecosystems may be recipients of severe impacts. 2. Increased landscape heterogeneity may increase the spread of disturbance between communities. 3. Multiple disturbances may have nonadditive effects and this tendency may be enhanced by increased landscape heterogeneity." Analysis largely qualitative. Model used to explore effect of heterogeneity on spread of fire (looks like a straight surface area effect to me...). Good incorporation of hypotheses from the literature. Turner, M.G. and V.H. Dale. 1991. Modeling landscape disturbance. In: Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner, eds. Springer Verlag, New York. pp:323- 351. |* markov, spatially explicit, gradient, epidemiological, probabalistic models. Good summary table of model types Turner, M.G., V.H. Dale and R.H. Gardner. 1989. Predicting across scales: theory development and testing. Landscape Ecology 3:245-252. |* spatial scale, temporal scale, grain, extent, extrapolation, models Turner, S.J., R.V. O'Neill, R.H. Gardner and B.T. Milne. 1989. Effects of changing spatial scale on the analysis of landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology 3:153-162. |* spatial scale, grain, extent, resolution, diversity, dominance, contagion, spatial pattern Turner, S.J., R.V. O'Neill, W. Conley, M.R. Conley and H.C. Humphries. 1991. Pattern and scale: statistics for landscape ecology. In: Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner, eds. Springer Verlag, New York. pp:17-49. |* geostatistics, spatial autocorrelation, blocking, spectral analysis, semivariograms, nearest-neighbor, zonation. Upton, G.J.G. 1991. Rectangular cartograms, spatial autocorrelation, and interpolation. Papers in Regional Science 70:287-302. |* statistics W. Ji, D.L. Civco and W.C. Kennard. 1992. Satellite remote bathymetry: A new mechanism for modeling. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 55:545-549. |* Waring, R.H., J.D. Aber, J.M. Melillo and B. Moore III. 1986. Precursors of change in terrestrial ecosystems. Bioscience 36:433-437. |*$ assesses ability of satellite images to assess photosynthesis, transpiration (confounded), patterns of carbon allocation (need finer res. scanners or microwave or laser systems), Respiration (if can detect temperature and nitrogen, it might be possible), Organic matter turnover (seasonal variation in greeness) Waring, R.H., J.D. Aber, J.M. Melillo, and B. Moore III. 1986. Precursors of Change in Terrestrial Ecosystems. BioScience. 36:433-438. Warren, S.D. , M.O. Johnson, W.D. Goran and V.E. Diersing. 1990. An automated, objective procedure for selecting representative field sample sites. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 56:333-335. Webster, J. R. 1979. Hierarchical Organization of Ecosystems. Theoretical Systems Ecology. :119-129. Weins, J.A., C.S. Crawford and J.R. Gosz. 1985. Boundary dyanamics: A conceptual framework for studying landscape ecosystems. Oikos 45:421-462. |* theory, hypothesis Weismiller, R.A., S.J. Kristof, D.K. Scholz, P.E. Anuta and S.A. Momin. 1977. Change detection in coastal environments. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 43:1533-1539. Weismiller, R.A., S.J. Kristof, D.K. Scholz, P.E. Anuta, and S.A. Momin. 1977. Change Detection in Coastal Zone Environments*. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 43:1533-1539. Williams, B., R.A. Beck, B. Akers, and J.W. Via. 1990. Longitudinal Surveys of the Beach Nesting and Colonial Waterbirds of the Virginia Barrier Islands. Va. Jour. Sci. 41:381-388. Yool, S.R., Y.L. Star, J.E. Estes, D.B. Botkin, D.W. Eckhardt and F.W. Davis. 1986. Performance analyses of image processing algorithms for classification of natural vegetation in the mountains of Southern California. Int. J. of Remote Sensing 7:683-702. Zube, E.H. 1987. Perceived land us