%0 Journal Article %A Agren, G. I. %A McMurtrie, R. E. %A Parton, W. J. %A Pastor, J. %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1991 %T State-of-the-art of models of production-decomposition in conifer and grassland ecosystems %B Ecological Applications %V 1 %P 118-138 %! State-of-the-art of models of production-decomposition in conifer and grassland ecosystems %J Ecological Applications %M VCR_10123829_45 %1 Agren, G.I., R.E. McMurtrie, W.J. Parton, J. Pastor, and H.H. Shugart. 1991. State-of-the-art of models of production-decomposition in conifer and grassland ecosystems. Ecological Applications 1:118-138. %0 Thesis %A Aguiar, Amie B. %D 2007 %T Social and physical influences on wading bird foraging patch selection %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 81 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Social and physical influences on wading bird foraging patch selection %M VCR_20061221_01 %X The aim of this study was to clarify social foraging, habitat use and choice of cohabitating Ciconiiformes on Virginia’s Eastern Shore. In a 2006 study I used two approaches, a manipulative experiment and an observational study. At Chincoteague (37° 56’N, 75° 25’W), I manipulated prey density and social cues using plastic decoys to address the relative importance of social features versus prey density. I also recorded feeding durations of birds at the different treatments. The observational portion also occurred at Chincoteague at six sites along a causeway from the mainland marshes east to Assateague Island. A second area was Hog Island (37° 27’N, 75° 40’W), a barrier island about 50 km south of Chincoteague. At both areas, I observed wading bird foraging in different habitats and recorded feeding efficiency, flock size and species use, and attempted to answer the following questions: how were species distributed across habitat types, how did feeding efficiency vary among species and habitat types, and how did tide and season affect habitat use, flocking and feeding efficiency? Multi-way ANOVAs were performed to analyze feeding efficiency data and 2 analyses of goodness-of-fit and association were performed on the flock and species use data. Species’ use of habitats differed significantly at both locations, with generalists being more widespread than specialists. Ponds and impoundments were selected for foraging most often by most species. Generalist species tended to have lower feeding efficiencies while species specialized for particular habitats had higher average efficiencies at those locations. Overall, generalists tended to be more widespread but have low efficiency, but specialists had high efficiencies in fewer habitat types. Tidal and seasonal effects were less than habitat and species differences, presumably because of the high caloric demands on birds during the breeding season. There were insufficient data to meaningfully analyze the experiment results, however the limited data suggested that all the species responded more to social cues than to prey densities. A similar experiment of increased scope and duration should be attempted, perhaps using mesocosms with more controlled prey densities. An important conservation-related finding was high late-summer use of impoundments for almost all wading birds. These habitats are probably especially attractive to recently fledged young from nearby colonies. %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/Aguiar2007/Aguiar2007.pdf %0 Thesis %A Aiosa, Jennifer %D 1996 %T Dissolved Organic Carbon Quality Controls on the Contribution of the Microbial Food Web to Higher Trophic Levels %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 M.S. thesis %! Dissolved Organic Carbon Quality Controls on the Contribution of the Microbial Food Web to Higher Trophic Levels %M VCR_10123829_46 %1 Aiosa, Jennifer. 1996. Dissolved Organic Carbon Quality Controls on the Contribuion of the Microbial Food Web to Higher Trophic Levels. M.S. thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA pp. Notes: submitted by lblum, Mon Mar 31 EST 1997 :: %O submitted by lblum, Mon Mar 31 EST 1997 %0 Journal Article %A Albertson, John D. %A Montaldo, N. %D 2003 %T Temporal dynamics of soil moisture variability: 1. Theoretical basis %B Water Resources Research 39:1274 %V 39 %P 1274 %! Temporal dynamics of soil moisture variability: 1. Theoretical basis %M VCR_200212310001 %O Water Resources Research 39:1274 , doi:10.1029/2002WR001616 %0 Journal Article %A Allen, T. R. %A Tolvanen, H. T. %A Oertel, G. F. %A McCleod, G. M. %D 2007 %T Spatial characterization of environmental gradients in a coastal lagoon, Chincoteague Bay %B Estuaries and Coasts %V 30 %P 959-977 %! Spatial characterization of environmental gradients in a coastal lagoon, Chincoteague Bay %M VCR20080228-001 %0 Journal Article %A Anderson, Iris %A McGlathery, Karen J. %A Tyler, A Christy. %D 2003 %T Microbial mediation of 'reactive' nitrogen transformations in a temperate lagoon %B Marine Ecology-Progress Series %V 246 %P 73-84 %! Microbial mediation of 'reactive' nitrogen transformations in a temperate lagoon %J Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. %M ISI:000181085100005 %K lagoon; nitrogen; macroalgae; benthic; microalgae; nitrification; denitrification; mineralization dissolved organic nitrogen; estuarine sediments; coastal lagoon; chesapeake bay; oxygen respiration; benthic metabolism; denitrification; groundwater; massachusetts; carbon %X Coastal lagoons positioned along the land margin may play an important role in removing or transforming 'reactive' nitrogen during its transport from land to the ocean. Hog Island Bay is a shallow, coastal lagoon located on the ocean-side of the Delmarva Peninsula in Virginia (USA). External nitrogen inputs are derived primarily from agriculturally enriched groundwater, and these support, in part, the high production of benthic macroalgae and microalgae as the dominant primary producers. This study focuses on processes in the water column (phytoplankton and bacterial) and in the sediments (microalgal and bacterial) responsible for transformations of dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen (N). Sediment-water exchanges of dissolved inorganic and organic N were measured as well as sediment gross and net mineralization of organic N. Net changes in dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were greater in the water-column incubations than in the incubations including sediment and water. In the water column, metabolism resulted in net uptake of NH4+ during all seasons and in net uptake of NO3- during most seasons. In the sediments, gross mineralization, which ranged from 0.9 to 6.5 mmol N m(-2) d(-1), resulted in short turnover times (< 1 d) for the sediment NH4+ pool; however, sediment-water fluxes of both NH4+ and NO3- were either negligible or directed into the sediments. The NH4+ produced by gross mineralization was rapidly consumed in the dark. Biological processes potentially responsible for removal of sediment NH4+ and NO3- include coupled nitrification- denitrification, dark uptake by benthic microalgae, and immobilization by heterotrophic bacteria. In the absence of dark uptake of NH4+ by benthic microalgae, potential nitrification calculated as the difference between gross mineralization and NH4+ fluxes, would range from 1.5 to 6.4 mmol N m(-2) d(-1), similar to rates observed in a range of other systems. Similarly, potential denitrification rates estimated as the difference between calculated nitrification rates and measured NO3- fluxes would vary from 1.88 to 5.16 mol N m(-2) d(-1) and fall within the range of rates reported for similar systems. However, since calculated benthic microalgal N demand (2.51 to 16.11 mmol N m(-2) d(-1)) exceeded NH4+ release by gross mineralization at all sites and during all seasons, this suggests that dark benthic microalgal uptake was likely to be an important sink for mineralized N. Finally, sediment bacterial N immobilization may also be important given the relatively high C/N of sediment organic matter. These estimates of the potential consumptive processes for mineralized sediment N indicate that the lagoon is likely to retard and or remove 'reactive' N during its transport to the coastal ocean. %O Article 647GM MAR ECOL-PROGR SER %U ://000181085100005 %0 Journal Article %A Anderson, Iris %A Tobias, Craig R. %A Neikirk, R. %A Wetzel, B. B. %D 1997 %T Development of a Process-based Nitrogen Mass Balance Model for a Virginia Spartina alterniflora Salt Marsh: Implications for Net DIN Flux %B Marine Ecology Progress Series %V 159 %P 13-27 %! Development of a Process-based Nitrogen Mass Balance Model for a Virginia Spartina alterniflora Salt Marsh: Implications for Net DIN Flux %J Marine Ecology Progress Series %M VCR_10123829_47 %1 Anderson, I. C., Tobias, C. R., Neikirk, B. B., Wetzel, R. L. 1997. Development of a Process-based Nitrogen Mass Balance Model for a Virginia Spartina alterniflora Salt Marsh: Implications for Net DIN Flux. Marine Ecology Progress Series 159:13-27. Keywords:Salt marsh, mineralization, immobilization, nitrogen cycling, nitrification/denitrification, DIN Flux:: Abstract: Primary production is nitrogen limited in most salt marshes with the possible exception of those impacted by high anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen. It is hypothesized that mature salt marshes which receive only small inputs of "new" nitrogen from the atmosphere, surface water runoff, groundwater, tidal creek, and nitrogen-fixation will have a conservative nitrogen cycle. We have developed a process-based N mass balance model for a short form Spartina alterniflora marsh in Virginia. Data for the model included rates of gross mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, above- and below-ground macrophyte production, and benthic microalgal production. The annual balance between sources (mineralization, nitrogen fixation, tidal creek flux, atmospheric deposition, and sediment input) and sinks (above- and below-ground macrophyte uptake, sediment microalgal uptake, sediment burial, microbial immobilization, denitrification, and nitrification) of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was determined for both interior S. alterniflora -vegetated sites and unvegetated creek bank sites. Sediment/water exchanges of DIN species, predicted by results of the mass balance analysis, were compared to measured exchanges. Annually sources and sinks of DIN in the vegetated marsh were in close balance. The vegetated marsh imported DIN from the adjacent creek during most of the year\; the unvegetated creek bank exported NH4+ to overlying tidal water during July and imported NH4+ during other seasons. The net flux of DIN was 5.7 gN m-2 y-1 from overlying water into the marsh\; however, this flux was small relative to rates of internal N-cycling processes. The sediment NH4+ pool turned over rapidly as a result of the high rate of gross mineralization (84 gN m-2 y-1). Other microbial N-cycling rates were low (0.6 - 4 gN m-2 y-1). The NH4+ supplied by mineralization was more than sufficient to support both macrophyte (33 gN m-2 y-1) and benthic microalgal (5 gN m-2 y-1) uptake. We propose that in order to maintain steady state in the system approximately half of the DIN mineralized is immobilized into a readily remineralizable particulate organic N pool. Since mineralization and macrophyte uptake are temporally out of phase the labile organic N pool may serve to temporarily sequester NH4+ until it is required for plant uptake. :: Notes: submitted by ianderson, Tue Jul 21 EDT 1998 :: %K Salt marsh mineralization immobilization nitrogen cycling nitrification/denitrification DIN Flux %X Primary production is nitrogen limited in most salt marshes with the possible exception of those impacted by high anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen. It is hypothesized that mature salt marshes which receive only small inputs of "new" nitrogen from the atmosphere, surface water runoff, groundwater, tidal creek, and nitrogen-fixation will have a conservative nitrogen cycle. We have developed a process-based N mass balance model for a short form Spartina alterniflora marsh in Virginia. Data for the model included rates of gross mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, above- and below-ground macrophyte production, and benthic microalgal production. The annual balance between sources (mineralization, nitrogen fixation, tidal creek flux, atmospheric deposition, and sediment input) and sinks (above- and below-ground macrophyte uptake, sediment microalgal uptake, sediment burial, microbial immobilization, denitrification, and nitrification) of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was determined for both interior S. alterniflora -vegetated sites and unvegetated creek bank sites. Sediment/water exchanges of DIN species, predicted by results of the mass balance analysis, were compared to measured exchanges. Annually sources and sinks of DIN in the vegetated marsh were in close balance. The vegetated marsh imported DIN from the adjacent creek during most of the year\; the unvegetated creek bank exported NH4+ to overlying tidal water during July and imported NH4+ during other seasons. The net flux of DIN was 5.7 gN m-2 y-1 from overlying water into the marsh\; however, this flux was small relative to rates of internal N-cycling processes. The sediment NH4+ pool turned over rapidly as a result of the high rate of gross mineralization (84 gN m-2 y-1). Other microbial N-cycling rates were low (0.6 - 4 gN m-2 y-1). The NH4+ supplied by mineralization was more than sufficient to support both macrophyte (33 gN m-2 y-1) and benthic microalgal (5 gN m-2 y-1) uptake. We propose that in order to maintain steady state in the system approximately half of the DIN mineralized is immobilized into a readily remineralizable particulate organic N pool. Since mineralization and macrophyte uptake are temporally out of phase the labile organic N pool may serve to temporarily sequester NH4+ until it is required for plant uptake. %O submitted by ianderson, Tue Jul 21 EDT 1998 %0 Book Section %A Anderson, I. C. %A Stanhope, J.W. %A Hardison, A.K. %A McGlathery, K.J. %D 2010 %T Sources and Fates of Nitrogen in Virginia Coastal Bays %E Kennish, M. %E Paerl, H. %B Coastal Lagoons: Critical Habitats of Environmental Change %C Boca Raton FL %I CRC Press %P 43-72 %! Sources and Fates of Nitrogen in Virginia Coastal Bays %M VCR20090729_002 %0 Thesis %A Appolone, Eileen L. %D 2000 %T Organic matter distribution and turnover along a gradient from forest to tidal creek %B Biology Department %C Greenville, N.C. %I East Carolina University %9 MS thesis %! Organic matter distribution and turnover along a gradient from forest to tidal creek %M VCR_10123829_2 %1 Appolone, E. 2000. Organic matter distribution and turnover along a gradient from forest to tidal creek. MS thesis, Biology Department, East Carolina University, Greenville, N.C. pp. Keywords=organic matter, rising sea level, sediment accretion, marsh trangression End_keywords Abstract=Many coastal ecosystems migrate landward under the influence of rising sea level. Typical zonation of plant communities along coastal shorelines consists of tidal marshes, a transition zone, and adjacent upland or wetland forest. This study examined organic matter distribution along this gradient. I hypothesized that total above and belowground organic carbon mass would follow the pattern: forest \> transition \> high marsh = mid marsh \> low marsh \> tidal creek. This study was conducted at the upper Phillips Creek study area on the eastern shore of Virginia. A zonation map of the study area was created, and low marsh was divided into two zones based on two growth forms of Spartina alterniflora. Sample sites were selected using a stratified random sampling approach. A nested plot design was used to harvest vegetation, obtain soil cores, and collect quantitative data on trees, shrubs and large wood detritus. Unharvested tree and shrub masses were estimated using regression equations. Loss on ignition was determined for vegetation and soils. Organic carbon mass was estimated to be 50% of organic matter. Total above and belowground organic carbon mass (mean (kg/m2) + S.E.) for each zone was: forest 24.3 + 2.1, high marsh 14.2 + 0.7, transition 12.8 + 0.6, LMSS 12.6 + 0.8, LMTS 11.3 + 0.7, and tidal creek 8.7 + 0.3. The greatest loss of carbon occurred in the transformation of forest to high marsh. Organic carbon turnover rates for Phillips Creek were estimated for steep and gentle slopes by projecting an 80-year period of sea level rise at 5 mm/year. After 80 years, marsh and transition zones experienced 100% turnover in both profiles. The forest experienced turnover rates of 25% and 71% in steep and gentle profiles, respectively. Horizontal turnover rates of carbon associated with state change were approximately one order of magnitude lower than those associated with net primary production. However, horizontal turnover of ecosystem states can change coastal landscapes within the time span of a century. End_abstract Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Tue Jul 31 EDT 2001 End_notes %K organic matter rising sea level sediment accretion marsh trangression %X Many coastal ecosystems migrate landward under the influence of rising sea level. Typical zonation of plant communities along coastal shorelines consists of tidal marshes, a transition zone, and adjacent upland or wetland forest. This study examined organic matter distribution along this gradient. I hypothesized that total above and belowground organic carbon mass would follow the pattern: forest \> transition \> high marsh = mid marsh \> low marsh \> tidal creek. This study was conducted at the upper Phillips Creek study area on the eastern shore of Virginia. A zonation map of the study area was created, and low marsh was divided into two zones based on two growth forms of Spartina alterniflora. Sample sites were selected using a stratified random sampling approach. A nested plot design was used to harvest vegetation, obtain soil cores, and collect quantitative data on trees, shrubs and large wood detritus. Unharvested tree and shrub masses were estimated using regression equations. Loss on ignition was determined for vegetation and soils. Organic carbon mass was estimated to be 50% of organic matter. Total above and belowground organic carbon mass (mean (kg/m2) + S.E.) for each zone was: forest 24.3 + 2.1, high marsh 14.2 + 0.7, transition 12.8 + 0.6, LMSS 12.6 + 0.8, LMTS 11.3 + 0.7, and tidal creek 8.7 + 0.3. The greatest loss of carbon occurred in the transformation of forest to high marsh. Organic carbon turnover rates for Phillips Creek were estimated for steep and gentle slopes by projecting an 80-year period of sea level rise at 5 mm/year. After 80 years, marsh and transition zones experienced 100% turnover in both profiles. The forest experienced turnover rates of 25% and 71% in steep and gentle profiles, respectively. Horizontal turnover rates of carbon associated with state change were approximately one order of magnitude lower than those associated with net primary production. However, horizontal turnover of ecosystem states can change coastal landscapes within the time span of a century. %O submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Tue Jul 31 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Aranibar, J. N. %A Anderson, I. C. %A Epstein, H. E. %A Feral, C. J. W. %A Swap, R. J. %A Ramontso, J. %A Macko, S. A. %D 2008 %T Nitrogen isotope composition of soils, C3 and C4 plants along land use gradients in southern Africa %B J. Arid Environ. %V 72 %P 326-337 %! Nitrogen isotope composition of soils, C3 and C4 plants along land use gradients in southern Africa %M VCR20080912_003 %0 Journal Article %A Bachmann, C. M. %D 2006 %T Improved manifold coordinate representations of large-scale hyperspectral scenes %B IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing %V 44 %P 2786-2803 %! Improved manifold coordinate representations of large-scale hyperspectral scenes %M VCR20071001_04 %0 Journal Article %A Bachmann, Charles M. %A Bettenhausen, M. H. %A Fusina, R. A. %A Donato, T. F. %A Russ, A. L. %A Burke, J. W. %A Lamela, G. M. %A Rhea, J. W. %A Truitt, Barry %A Porter, John H. %D 2003 %T A credit assignment approach to fusing classifiers of multiseason hyperspectral imagery %B IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing %V 41 %N 11 %P 2488-2499 %! A credit assignment approach to fusing classifiers of multiseason hyperspectral imagery %M VCR_200312310001 %0 Journal Article %A Bachmann, Charles M. %A Donato, T. F. %A Lamela, G. M. %A Rhea, W. J. %A Bettenhausen, M. H. %A Fusina, R. A. %A Du Bois, K. R. %A Porter, John H. %A Truitt, Barry %D 2002 %T Automatic classification of land cover on Smith Island, VA, using HyMAP imagery %B Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing %V 40 %N 10 %P 2313-2330 %8 Oct %! Automatic classification of land cover on Smith Island, VA, using HyMAP imagery %J IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing %M ISI:000179798500024 %K barrier islands; hyperspectral; in situ spectrometry; invasive plant species; land cover classification; neural networks; principle component analysis; projection pursuit; supervised classification; unsupervised classification projection pursuit %X Automatic land cover classification maps were developed from Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (HyMAP) imagery acquired May 8, 2000 over Smith Island, VA, a barrier island in the Virginia Coast Reserve. Both unsupervised and supervised classification approaches were used to create these products to evaluate relative merits and to develop models that would be useful to natural resource managers at higher spatial resolution than has been available previously. Ground surveys made by us in late October and early December 2000 and again in May, August, and October 2001 and May 2002 provided ground truth data for 20 land cover types. Locations of pure land cover types recorded with global positioning system (GPS) data from these surveys were used to extract spectral end-members for training and testing supervised land cover classification models. Unsupervised exploratory models were also developed using spatial-spectral windows and projection pursuit (PP), a class of algorithms suitable for extracting multimodal views of the data. PP projections were clustered by ISODATA to produce an unsupervised classification. Supervised models, which relied on the GPS data, used only spectral inputs because for some categories in particular areas, labeled data consisted of isolated single-pixel waypoints. Both approaches to the classification problem produced consistent results for some categories such as Spartina alterniflora, although there were differences for other categories. Initial models for supervised classification based on 112 HyMAP spectra, labeled in ground surveys, obtained reasonably consistent results for many of the dominant categories, with a few exceptions. For an invasive plant species, Phragmites australis, a particular concern of natural resource managers, this approach initially had an excessively high false-alarm rate. Increasing the number of spectral training samples by an order of magnitude and making concomitant improvements to the geo-rectification led to dramatic improvements in this and other categories. The unsupervised spatial-spectral approach also found a cluster closely associated with Phragmites patches near the thicket boundary, but this approach did not identify the exposed Phragmites. Examples of in situ reflectance measurements obtained with an Analytical Spectral Devices FR spectrometer in early May 2001 are compared against HyMAP image spectra at model-predicted pixels and at validated GPS waypoints. %O Article 625CC IEEE TRANS GEOSCI REMOT SEN %U ://000179798500024 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Bachmann, Charles M. %A Montes, Marcos J. %A Fusina, Robert A. %A Parrish, Christopher %A Sellars, Jon %A Weidemann, Alan %A Goode, Wesley %A Nichols, C. Reid %A Woodward, Patrick %A McIlhany, Kevin %A Hill, Victoria %A Zimmerman, Richard %A Korwan, Daniel %A Truitt, Barry %A Schwarzschild, Arthur %D 2008 %T Very shallow water bathymetry retrieval from hyperspectral imagery at the Virginia Coast reserve (VCR'07) multi-sensor campaign %B 2008 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium %C Boston, MA, USA %I IEEE %P TU1.109 %! Very shallow water bathymetry retrieval from hyperspectral imagery at the Virginia Coast reserve (VCR'07) multi-sensor campaign %M VCR20080723_001 %K hyperspectral, shallow-water bathymetry, bottom type, IOP, Hydrolight, Virginia Coast Reserve %X A number of institutions, including the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), have developed look up tables for remote retrieval of bathymetry and in-water optical properties from hyperspectral imagery (HSI) [6]. For bathymetry retrieval, the lower limit is the very shallow water case (here defined as < 2m), a depth zone which is not well resolved by many existing bathymetric LIDAR sensors, such as SHOALS [4]. The ability to rapidly model these shallow water depths from HSI directly has potential benefits for combined HSI/LIDAR systems such as the Compact Hydrographic Airborne Rapid Total Survey (CHARTS) [10]. In this study, we focused on the validation of a near infra-red feature, corresponding to a local minimum in absorption (and therefore a local peak in reflectance), which can be correlated directly to bathymetry with a high degree of confidence. Compared to other VNIR wavelengths, this particular near-IR feature corresponds to a peak in the correlation with depth in this very shallow water regime, and this is a spectral range where reflectance depends primarily on water depth (water absorption) and bottom type, with suspended constituents playing a secondary role. %U http://www.igarss08.org/Abstracts/pdfs/2331.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Bachmann, C. M. %A Montes, Marcos J. %A Fusina, R. A. %A Parrish, Christopher %A Sellars, Jon %A Weidemann, Alan %A Goode, Wesley %A Nichols, C. Reid %A Woodward, Patrick %A McIlhany, Kevin %A Hill, Victoria %A Zimmerman, Richard %A Korwan, Daniel %A Truitt, Barry %A Schwarzschild, Arthur %D 2010 %T Bathymetry retrieval from hyperspectal imagery in the very shallow water limit: a case study from the 2007 Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR'07) multi-sensor campaign %B Marine Geodesy %V 33 %N 1 %P 53-75 %! Bathymetry retrieval from hyperspectal imagery in the very shallow water limit: a case study from the 2007 Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR'07) multi-sensor campaign %M VCR_20090105_001 %0 Journal Article %A Bachmann, C. M. %A Nichols, C. R. %A Montes, M. %A Li, R. %A Woodward, P. %A Fusina, R. A. %A Chen, W. %A Mishra, V. %A Kim, W. %A Monty, J. %A McIlhany, K. %A Kessler, K. %A Korwan, D. %A Miller, D. %A Bennert, E. %A Smith, G. %A Gillis, D. %A Sellers, J. %A Parrish, C. %A Schwarzschild, A. %A Truitt, B. %D 2010 %T Retrieval of Substrate Bearing Strength from Hyperspectral Imagery During the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR '07) Multi-Sensor Campaign %B Marine Geodesy %V 33 %N 2-3 %P 101-116 %! Retrieval of Substrate Bearing Strength from Hyperspectral Imagery During the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR '07) Multi-Sensor Campaign %M VCR_20100805_001 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Bachmann, Charles M. %A Nichols, C. Reid %A Montes, Marcos J. %A Li, Rong-Rong %A Woodward, Patrick %A Fusina, Robert A. %A Chen, Wei %A Mishra, Vimal %A Kim, Wonkook %A Monty, James %A McIlhany, Kevin %A Kessler, Ken %A Korwan, Daniel %A Miller, David %A Bennert, Ellen %A Smith, Geoff %A Gillis, David %A Sellars, Jon %A Parrish, Christopher %A Schwarzschild, Arthur %A Truitt, Barry %D 2008 %T Remote sensing retrieval of substrate bearing strength from hyperspectral imagery at the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR'07) multi-sensor campaign %B 2008 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium %C Boston, MA, USA %I IEEE %P WE1.104 %! Remote sensing retrieval of substrate bearing strength from hyperspectral imagery at the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR'07) multi-sensor campaign %M VCR20080723_002 %K hyperspectral, substrate bearing strength, liquid water, absorption, light-weight deflectometer, dynamic deflection modulus, dynamic cone penetrometer, grain size, barrier islands, beaches, dunes, mudflats, salt pannes, salt marshes, Virginia Coast Reserve %X In September 2007, NRL, in partnership with multiple institutions, undertook a combined airborne multi-sensor remote sensing campaign and in situ validation effort. The experiment took place at the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR’07), an NSF funded Long Term Ecological Research Site (LTER) on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. The study area comprised an 1880 km2 region consisting of barrier islands, shallow water lagoons, and mainland marsh systems. This paper describes the results of a subset of experiments conducted during the campaign to demonstrate the retrieval of soil bearing strength directly from hyperspectral remote sensing on the VCR barrier islands. %U http://www.igarss08.org/Abstracts/pdfs/2077.pdf %0 Thesis %A Bailey, Nicole %D 1998 %T Hydrogeomorphic Control of Landforms and Vegetation on Southern Parramore Island, Virginia Coast Reserve %B Department of Geology %I Bucknell University %P 160 %9 Honors Thesis %! Hydrogeomorphic Control of Landforms and Vegetation on Southern Parramore Island, Virginia Coast Reserve %M VCR_10123829_50 %1 Bailey, Nicole. 1998. Hydrogeomorphic Control of Landforms and Vegetation on Southern Parramore Island, Virginia Coast Reserve. Bucknell University, Department of Geology, Honors Thesis, 160pp. pp. 1-160. Keywords:pimples, washover fans, hydrogeomorphology, groundwater, vegetation:: Notes: submitted by ckochel, Mon Jun 29 EDT 1998 :: %K pimples washover fans hydrogeomorphology groundwater vegetation %O submitted by ckochel, Mon Jun 29 EDT 1998 %0 Generic %A Bailey, N. %A Kochel, R Craig. %A Carlson, Charles Randolph. %D 1998 %T Barrier Island Landform and Vegetation Response to Coastal Process Variables on the Virginia Coast Reserve %B Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs %V 30 %N 4 %P 2 %! Barrier Island Landform and Vegetation Response to Coastal Process Variables on the Virginia Coast Reserve %M VCR_10123829_48 %1 Bailey, N., Kochel, R.C., and Carlson, C.R., . 1998. Barrier Island Landform and Vegetation Response to Coastal Process Variables on the Virginia Coast Reserve. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 30, n.4:2. Keywords:barrier island geomorphology, pimples, hydrology, overwash, vegetation :: Notes: submitted by ckochel, Mon Jun 29 EDT 1998 :: %K barrier island geomorphology pimples hydrology overwash vegetation %0 Journal Article %A Baird, D. %A Christian, Robert R. %A Peterson, C. H. %A Johnson, G. A. %D 2004 %T Consequences of hypoxia on estuarine ecosystem function: Energy diversion from consumers to microbes %B Ecological Applications %V 14 %N 3 %P 805-822 %8 Jun %! Consequences of hypoxia on estuarine ecosystem function: Energy diversion from consumers to microbes %M ISI:000222174000015 %K carbon-flow models; ecosystem properties; eutrophication; hypoxia; microbial loop; network analysis; Neuse River estuary; trophic transfers neuse river estuary; bottom-water hypoxia; north-carolina; habitat degradation; chesapeake bay; fish kills; food webs; trophic structure; oyster reefs; dynamics %X As in other eutrophied estuaries and coastal embayments, persistent hypoxia now routinely develops during summer in the mesohaline portion of the Neuse River estuary (North Carolina, USA). In response to interannual differences in hydrography, summer 1997 exhibited much more intense and widespread hypoxia than summer 1998, permitting inferences about impacts of hypoxia on food web dynamics by comparing system changes across these two summers. The trophic structure of the Neuse estuary now resembles the generic pattern for a degraded temperate estuary with (1) intense planktonic algal blooms and similarly high production of free-living bacteria, (2) trivial levels of abundance of rooted aquatic plants and benthic macroalgae, (3) depleted apex predators, and (4) functional extinction of the historically dominant benthic grazer, eastern oysters. Detailed carb on-flow models, based on comprehensive field data, demonstrated large differences between the two summers in trophic transfers and system dynamics. Largely because of greater mortality of benthic invertebrates from more intense hypoxia, total biomass of heterotrophs declined over, summer by 51% in 1997 as compared to only 17% in 1998. Because net primary production increased over summer and herbivory in this system is predominantly benthic, the fraction of primary production consumed by herbivores declined over summer by 35% in 1997 and 29% in 1998. Influx of juvenile fishes and their rapid growth in the estuarine nursery over summer led to increases in energy demand by demersal fishes of 380% and 507% in the successive summers. Thus, hypoxia-enhanced diversion of energy flows into microbial pathways away from consumers and mass mortality of benthic invertebrates from bottom hypoxia occurred at the season of greatest demand by predatory fishes and crabs using the estuary as nursery. Average residence time of carbon in the ecosystem declined by 51% in 1997 and 29% in 1998. Total system throughput declined over summer 1997 while increasing in 1998, indicating the reduced capacity of the system to transfer carbon to higher trophic levels in the more hypoxic summer. Late-summer. trophic pathways were characterized by greater numbers of cycles, but flows became increasingly dominated by microbial loops rather than transfers to consumers. Ecosystem trophic efficiency was only similar to4%, lower than other estuaries similarly analyzed. System properties indicative of resiliency of system function including development capacity, ascendancy, and flow diversity declined over summer 1997, while increasing or declining less in 1998. Thus, intensification of hypoxia caused dramatic reduction in the ecosystem's ability to transfer energy to higher trophic levels and rendered the ecosystem potentially less resilient to other stressors. %U ://000222174000015 %0 Journal Article %A Baker, K. S. %A Benson, B. J. %A Henshaw, D. L. %A Blodgett, D. %A Porter, John H. %A Stafford, S. G. %D 2000 %T Evolution of a multisite network information system: The LTER information management paradigm %B Bioscience %V 50 %N 11 %P 963-978 %8 Nov %! Evolution of a multisite network information system: The LTER information management paradigm %J Bioscience %M ISI:000165458400007 %K human-genome-project; term ecological research; environmental- research; cooperative work; challenges; program; infrastructure; framework; internet; sciences %O Article 376LE BIOSCIENCE %U ://000165458400007 %0 Thesis %A Barimo, J. F. %D 1998 %T Zonation patterns in Orthoptera (Acrididae) distribution and plant-herbivore interactions in relation to primary succession on a Virginia barrier island %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 MS thesis %! Zonation patterns in Orthoptera (Acrididae) distribution and plant-herbivore interactions in relation to primary succession on a Virginia barrier island %M VCR_10123829_51 %1 Barimo, J.F. 1998. Zonation patterns in Orthoptera (Acrididae) distribution and plant-herbivore interactions in relation to primary succession on a Virginia barrier island. MS thesis. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. pp. Notes: submitted by dyoung, Fri Jul 10 EDT 1998 :: %O submitted by dyoung, Fri Jul 10 EDT 1998 %0 Journal Article %A Barimo, J. F. %A Young, Donald R. %D 2002 %T Grasshopper (Orthoptera : Acrididae)-plant-environmental interactions in relation to zonation on an Atlantic coast barrier island %B Environmental Entomology %V 31 %N 6 %P 1158-1167 %8 Dec %! Grasshopper (Orthoptera : Acrididae)-plant-environmental interactions in relation to zonation on an Atlantic coast barrier island %J Environ. Entomol. %M ISI:000180507400032 %K grasshoppers; Orthoptera; Acrididae; coastal vegetation; barrier island tallgrass prairie; species composition; acrididae; orthoptera; succession; vegetation; rangeland; fire; topography; herbivory %X Distribution patterns of five grasshopper species (Ortboptera: Acrididae) were related to microtopography, plant zonation, and diet preference on a Virginia barrier island. Trimerotropis maritima Harris occurred on the landward side of incipient foredunes dominated by Ammophilia breviligulata Fernald (Poaceae), a C-3-grass. Psinidia fenestralis Serville occurred primarily on and adjacent to older dunes dominated by Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhlenberg (Poaceae), a C-4-grass. Melanoplus bivitattus Say, Melanoplus femurrubrum De Geer, and Melanoplus differentialis Thomas were more widely distributed than the other two species but were most common in wet swales dominated by S. patens and the shrub seedlings, Myrica cerifera L. (Myricaceae) and Baccharis halimifolia L. (Asteraceae). Laboratory feeding preference experiments indicated a strong influence of host plants on grasshopper distribution patterns. The diet specialists, T maritima and P. fenestralis, were limited to the distribution of their host plant species, whereas the Melanoplus congeners were generalists in diet and in distribution. Although distribution patterns were related to host plant specificity, microtopography was important to the small-scale distribution of all five species within the distribution range of host plants. The preference of M. differentialis for Myrica cerifera foliage may affect shrub establishment in the grass-dominated swales. %O Article 637JF ENVIRON ENTOMOL %U ://000180507400032 %0 Thesis %A Barnes, Diane %D 2004 %T Impacts of Agricultural Land Use on Aquatic Communities in Small Temperate Coastal Watersheds: The Use of Benthic Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators of Nutrient Enrichment %B Environmental Sciences %I University of Virginia %9 M.S. Thesis %! Impacts of Agricultural Land Use on Aquatic Communities in Small Temperate Coastal Watersheds: The Use of Benthic Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators of Nutrient Enrichment %M VCR_04225013613_01 %K tidal creek watershed nutrient biodiveristy benthic fauna location:megasite core:Nutrient Cycling core:Organic Matter %0 Journal Article %A Barr, J. G. %A Fuentes, Jose D. %A Wang, D. %A Edmonds, Y. %A Zieman, Joseph C. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Childers, D. %D 2003 %T Red mangroves emit hydrocarbons %B Southeastern Naturalist %V 2 %N 4 %P 499-510 %! Red mangroves emit hydrocarbons %M ISI:000188410600003 %K volatile organic-compounds; biogenic hydrocarbons; isoprene emission; aerosols; plants %X The objective of this study is to investigate hydrocarbon species and amounts released by red mangrove foliage and determine if these quantities warrant future research on atmospheric chemical processing of these compounds. The field investigation took place during July 2001 at Key Largo, Florida Bay, Florida. Foliage still attached to plants was enclosed in cuvettes while air of known flow rates circulated around leaves to study, hydrocarbon emissions. Cuvette air samples underwent gas chromatographic analyses to determine species and amounts of hydrocarbons released by mangrove foliage. Red mangrove foliage emits isoprene and trace amounts of the monoterpenes of alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, camphene, and d-limonene. The mangrove flowers released these latter compounds in amounts ranging from 0.5 to 10 mg (monoterpene) per gram of dry biomass per hour. These fluxes are normalized to, the foliage temperature of 30 degreesC. When normalized to the foliage temperature of 30 degreesC and light levels of 1000 mumol m(-2) s(-1), isoprene emission rates as high as 0.092 +/- 0.109 mug (isoprene) per gram of dry biomass per hour were measured. Compared to terrestrial forest ecosystems, red mangroves are low isoprene emitters. During peak flowering periods in the summertime, however, red mangroves may emit sufficient amounts of monoterpenes to alter ground-level ozone concentrations and contribute to biogenic aerosol formation. %U ://000188410600003 %0 Thesis %A Barr, L. %D 1989 %T Sedimentation and Fallout Cesium-137 Cycling in a Virginia Salt Marsh %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %9 MS Thesis %! Sedimentation and Fallout Cesium-137 Cycling in a Virginia Salt Marsh %M VCR_10123829_53 %1 Barr, L.1989. Sedimentation and Fallout Cesium-137 Cycling in a Virginia Salt Marsh. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Berg, P. %A Huettel, M. %D 2008 %T Monitoring the Seafloor using the Non-Invasive Eddy Correlation Technique: Integrated Benthic Exchange Dynamics %B Oceanography %V 21 %P 164-167 %! Monitoring the Seafloor using the Non-Invasive Eddy Correlation Technique: Integrated Benthic Exchange Dynamics %M VCR20090729_003 %0 Journal Article %A Berg, Peter %A McGlathery, Karen J. %D 2001 %T A high-resolution pore water sampler for sandy sediments %B Limnology and Oceanography %V 46 %P 203-210 %! A high-resolution pore water sampler for sandy sediments %M VCR_10123829_7 %1 Berg, P. and K.J. McGlathery . 2001. A high-resolution pore water sampler for sandy sediments. Pages 203-210 in . Limnology and Oceanography. Keywords=nitrogen, macroalgae, lagoon, microalgae, phytoplankton, metabolism, autotrophic, heterotrophic End_keywords Notes= submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu, Thu Apr 12 EDT 2001 End_notes %K nitrogen macroalgae lagoon microalgae phytoplankton metabolism autotrophic heterotrophic %0 Journal Article %A Berg, P. %A Roy, H. %A Wiberg, P.L. %D 2007 %T Eddy correlation flux measurements - the sediment surface area that contributes to the flux %B Limnology and Oceanography. %V 52 %N 4 %P 1672-1684 %! Eddy correlation flux measurements - the sediment surface area that contributes to the flux %M VCR070928_10 %0 Thesis %A Berntsen, J. %D 1995 %T Hydrogeomorphic and Vegetation Relationships on Low Profile Barrier Islands, Virginia Coast Reserve %C Lewisburg, PA %I Bucknell University %9 Senior Thesis %! Hydrogeomorphic and Vegetation Relationships on Low Profile Barrier Islands, Virginia Coast Reserve %M VCR_10123829_54 %1 Berntsen, J. P. 1995. Hydrogeomorphic and Vegetation Relatiionships on Low Profile Barrier Islands, Virginia Coast Reserve. Senior Thesis, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA %0 Generic %A Berntsen, J. %A Kochel, R Craig. %D 1995 %T Hydrogeomorphic and vegetative relationships on low profile barrier islands, Virginia Coast Reserve %B Geological Society of America, Abs. w. Prog. %V 27 %N 1 %P 29 %! Hydrogeomorphic and vegetative relationships on low profile barrier islands, Virginia Coast Reserve %J w. Prog. %M VCR_10123829_55 %1 Berntsen, J., and Kochel, R.C., 1995, Hydrogeomorphic and vegetative relationships on low profile barrier islands, Virginia Coast Reserve: Geological Society of America, Abs. w. Prog. 27(1):29. %0 Thesis %A Bissett, Spencer Nathaniel %D 2008 %T Avian dispersal of the actinomycete Frankia across a barrier island landscape %B Biology Department %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %P 45 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Avian dispersal of the actinomycete Frankia across a barrier island landscape %M VCR20090725_002 %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/SPENCER_NATHANIEL_BISSETT2008.pdf %0 Thesis %A Blecha, Staci %D 2010 %T Interisland variability in above and belowground plant biomass in interior marshes on the Virginia barrier islands %B Biology %C Norfolk, VA %I Old Dominion University %9 M.S. Thesis %! Interisland variability in above and belowground plant biomass in interior marshes on the Virginia barrier islands %M VCR_20100816_007 %0 Book Section %A Bledsoe, C. S. %A Fahey, T. J. %A Ruess, R. %A Day, Frank P. %D 1999 %T Measurement of static root parameters - biomass, length, distribution %E Robertson, G. P. %E Bledsoe, C. S. %E Coleman, D. C. %E Sollins., P. %B Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research %C New York %I Oxford University Press %! Measurement of static root parameters - biomass, length, distribution %M VCR_10123829_208 %1 Bledsoe, C.S., T.J. Fahey, R. Ruess, and F.P. Day. 1999. Measurement of static root parameters - biomass, length, distribution. Pages in G.P. Robertson, C.S. Bledsoe, D.C. Coleman, and P. Sollins. Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, New York. Notes= submitted by fday@odu.edu, Wed Jul 25 EDT 2001 End_notes %0 Journal Article %A Blum, Linda K. %D 1993 %T Spartina-alterniflora root dynamics in a Virginia Marsh %B Marine Ecology-Progress Series %V 102 %N 1-2 %P 169-178 %8 Dec %! Spartina-alterniflora Root Dynamics in a Virginia Marsh %J Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. %M ISI:A1993MH48400017 %K decomposition; production; root; spartina-alterniflora england salt-marsh; macrophyte production; belowground biomass; tidal marsh; sediments; decomposition; estuary; accumulation; deposition; carolina %X A litter bag technique was used to measure root and rhizome decomposition and production f or 2 years in creekside and interior sediments in a Spartina alterniflora marsh on the seaside of the Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA. Decay was equally rapid regardless of incubation in either creekside or interior sediments and did not vary with depth. Weight loss during the first growing season was 39 and 35 % (creekside and interior respectively). By the end of the second growing season between 81 and 88 % (creekside and interior respectively) of the starting root and rhizome material had decayed. In creekside sediments, very little root growth was measured during either year and root production was highly variable between years (1253 and 99 g m-2). In the interior marsh, the patterns of root growth and the amount of root material produced were similar each year (2016 and 2269 g M-2) . Root and rhizome turnover was faster in the creekside sediments (2.63 yr-1) than in the marsh interior (0.54 yr-1). The greater root production and slower root turnover in the interior marsh occurred in sediments with elevated salinities and oxidation- reduction potentials, and lower sediment saturation. These results suggest that differences in organic matter accumulation in high and low marsh areas may be explained by differences in root production and not differences in decay processes. %O Article MH484 MAR ECOL-PROGR SER %U ://A1993MH48400017 %0 Journal Article %A Blum, Linda K. %D 1995 %T Pulsed Ecosystems - a New Paradigm - Papers from a Symposium Dedicated to Odum,William,Eugene (1942-1991) %B Estuaries %V 18 %N 4 %P 545-546 %8 Dec %! Pulsed Ecosystems - a New Paradigm - Papers from a Symposium Dedicated to Odum,William,Eugene (1942-1991) %J Estuaries %M ISI:A1995TA81300001 %O Editorial Material TA813 ESTUARIES %U ://A1995TA81300001 %0 Book Section %A Blum, Linda K. %A Christian, Robert R. %D 2004 %T Belowground Production And Decomposition Along A Tidal Gradient In A Virginia Salt Marsh %E Fagherazzi, S. %E Marani, M. %E Blum, L. K. %B Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes %C Washington, DC %I American Geophysical Union %P 47-75 %! Belowground Production And Decomposition Along A Tidal Gradient In A Virginia Salt Marsh %J Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes location:mainland core:Primary Productivity core:Organic Matter core:Synthesis %M VCR_04210030236_01 %X A litterbag technique was used to compare root and rhizome production and decay of Spartina alterniflora (salt marsh cord grass) and Juncus roemerianus (black needle rush) at three locations along an elevation gradient over a 2-yr period. The elevation gradient covered a horizontal distance of nearly 500 m from the tidal creek to the upland. The three locations included the low marsh (intermediate height-form S. alterniflora), mid marsh (short height-form S. alterniflora, Distichlis spicata, and Spartina patens) and high marsh (J. roemerianus). Additionally, organic matter accumulation at the low and high marsh locations was monitored for 5 and 4 years, respectively. Decay of J. roemerianus roots was more rapid than decomposition of S. alterniflora roots regardless of where the materials decayed. The differences in decay constants between J. roemerianus and S. alterniflora were not related to the differences in sediment chemistry among the three marsh zones. Root production was significantly different between the three zones and may be related to differences in plant type, growth form, or sediment pore water chemistry. These results suggest that sediment accretion differences in high, mid, and low marsh as a result of organic matter accumulation are related to the ability of the plants to produce roots and to differences in the susceptibility of plant roots to decomposition. We hypothesize that these biological processes alter marsh topography and play a critical role salt marsh transgression during sea-level rise in sediment-limited environments. %O submitted by lkb2e@virginia.edu on Thu, 29 Jul 2004 15:02:36 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Blum, Linda K. %A Mills, Aaron L. %D 1991 %T Microbial-Growth and Activity During the Initial-Stages of Seagrass Decomposition %B Marine Ecology-Progress Series %V 70 %N 1 %P 73-82 %8 Feb %! Microbial-Growth and Activity During the Initial-Stages of Seagrass Decomposition %J Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. %M ISI:A1991FA34100008 %K bacterial-growth; zostera-marina; heterotrophic utilization; thymidine incorporation; thalassia-testudinum; particulate matter; laminaria-pallida; dna-synthesis; biomass; detritus %X Microbial O2 consumption and bacterial growth associated with decaying Zostera marina increased rapidly in the first 24 h of incubation at the sediment surface. During this period, the detrital complex lost 20% of its initial dry weight. An additional 20% of the original dry weight was lost in the next 13 d, and 73% was lost over the entire 6 wk incubation period; changes in the rate of weight loss were consistent with changes in the patterns of bacterial activity. While the initial response of the detritus-associated bacteria was rapid and substantial, less than 7.5% of the detrital carbon lost during the first 48 h of incubation was metabolized (assimilated plus respired), although 52.6% was metabolized during the 28 d to 42 d period. Of the plant carbon metabolized, over 80% was mineralized to CO2. The results suggest that if bacterial transformation of plant litter is an important link in the transfer of primary production to aquatic food webs, water column bacteria function as a link and not the bacteria associated with detrital particles. %O Article FA341 MAR ECOL-PROGR SER %U ://A1991FA34100008 %0 Book Section %A Blum, Linda K. %A Mills, A.L. %D in press %T Estuarine microbial community ecology %E Day, J.W., Jr. et al. %B Estuarine Ecology %I Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation %! Estuarine microbial community ecology %M VCR_20100824_011 %0 Journal Article %A Blum, Linda K. %A Roberts, M. S. %A Garland, J. L. %A Mills, Aaron L. %D 2004 %T Microbial communities among the dominant high marsh plants and associated sediments of the United States East Coast %B Microbial Ecology %V 48 %N 3 %P 375-388 %! Microbial communities among the dominant high marsh plants and associated sediments of the United States East Coast %J Microbial Ecology %M VCR_04210025433_01 %K bacteria fungi microbial community standing-dead marsh grass decomposition location:mainland core:Organic Matter core:Synthesis %X Microbial communities in the sediment and associated with the dominant type of standing dead plant were collected from the high marsh zone of ten sites along the eastern coast of the United States from Maine to Florida. Microbial community composition was examined using T-RFLP, and bacterial and fungal abundance was determined microscopically. Within the sediment, community composition was strongly correlated with latitude, indicating that biogeographical factors are important determinants of sediment community composition, while abundance was positively and strongly correlated with sediment organic matter content. A strong biogeographical effect was observed for both bacterial and fungal abundance on standing dead plants, but there was no clear relationship between community composition and latitude. Microbial community composition was more similar among plants of the same type (i.e., related plant species) suggesting that plant type (i.e., substrate quality) is primarily responsible for the determining community composition on standing dead plants. The results of this work suggest that the trajectory of microbial succession during standing dead decomposition differs among plant types even though the fundamental decay processes are similar. %O submitted by lkb2e@virginia.edu on Thu, 29 Jul 2004 14:54:33 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Blum, Linda K. %A Roberts, M. S. %A Garland, J. L. %A Mills, Aaron L. %D 2004 %T Biogeographical distribution of microbial communities among dominant high marsh plants and associated sediments of the United States East Coast %B Microbial Ecology %V 48 %N 3 %P 375-388 %! Biogeographical distribution of microbial communities among dominant high marsh plants and associated sediments of the United States East Coast %M VCR_200612010001 %K VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; MANGROVE RHIZOPHORA-APICULATA; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA LOISEL; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SUBSTRATE WEIGHT-LOSS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; SALT-MARSH %X Microbial communities in the sediment and associated with the dominant type of standing dead plant were collected from the high marsh zones of 10 sites along the eastern coast of the United States from Maine to Florida. Microbial community composition was examined using T-RFLP, and bacterial and fungal abundance was determined microscopically. Within the sediment, community composition was strongly correlated with latitude, indicating that biogeographical factors are important determinants of sediment community composition, whereas abundance was positively and strongly correlated with sediment organic matter content. A strong biogeographical effect was observed for both bacterial and fungal abundance on standing dead plants, but there was no clear relationship between community composition and latitude. Microbial community composition was more similar among plants of the same type (i.e., related plant species) suggesting that plant type (i.e., substrate quality) is primarily responsible for the determining community composition on standing dead plants. %0 Thesis %A Bolster, Carl Herbert, Jr. %D 2000 %T Effect of heterogeneity on bacterial transport and deposition %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville %I University of Virginia %P 173 %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Effect of heterogeneity on bacterial transport and deposition %M VCR20100308_002 %U http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9979307 %0 Thesis %A Bonan, G. %D 1988 %T Environmental Processes and Vegetation Patterns in Boreal Forests %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %9 PH.D Thesis %! Environmental Processes and Vegetation Patterns in Boreal Forests %M VCR_10123829_59 %1 Bonan, G. 1988. Environmental Processes and Vegetation Patterns in Boreal Forests. PH.D Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Bonan, G. B. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1990 %T Forest Vegetation Structure on the Eastern Shore of Virginia circa 18,000 years B.P. %B Virginia Journal of Science %V 41 %N 4A %P 307-320 %! Forest Vegetation Structure on the Eastern Shore of Virginia circa 18,000 years B.P. %J P. Va. J. Sci. %M VCR_10123829_60 %1 Bonan, G.B., B.P. Hayden. 1990a. Forest Vegetation Structure on the Eastern Shore of Virginia circa 18,000 years B.P. Va. J. Sci. 41:4A:307-320. %0 Journal Article %A Bonan, G. B. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1990 %T Using a Forest Stand Simulation Model to Examine the Ecological and Climatic Significance of the Late-Quarternary Pine-Spruce Pollen Zone in Eastern Virginia, U %B S.A. Quarternary Res. %V 33 %P 204-218 %! Using a Forest Stand Simulation Model to Examine the Ecological and Climatic Significance of the Late-Quarternary Pine-Spruce Pollen Zone in Eastern Virginia, U %J S.A. Quarternary Res. %M VCR_10123829_61 %1 Bonan, G.B., B.P. Hayden. 1990b. Using a Forest Stand Simulation Model to Examine the Ecological and Climatic Significance of the Late-Quarternary Pine-Spruce Pollen Zone in Eastern Virginia, U.S.A. Quarternary Res. 33:204-218. %0 Journal Article %A Borrett, S. R. %A Whipple, S. J. %A Patten, B. C. %A Christian, Robert R. %D 2006 %T Indirect effects and distributed control in ecosystems: Temporal variation of indirect effects in a seven-compartment model of nitrogen flow in the Neuse River Estuary, USA—Time series analysis %B Ecological Modelling %V 194 %P 178-188 %! Indirect effects and distributed control in ecosystems: Temporal variation of indirect effects in a seven-compartment model of nitrogen flow in the Neuse River Estuary, USA—Time series analysis %J Ecological Modelling %M VCR_06324085630_01 %K core:Nutrient Cycling core:Model %O submitted by christianr@ecu.edu on Tue, 21 Nov 2006 08:56:30 -0500 %0 Journal Article %A Brannon, M. P. %A Moncrief, Nancy D. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %D 2001 %T New records of reptiles from the Virginia barrier islands %B Banisteria %V 18 %P 42-43 %! New records of reptiles from the Virginia barrier islands %J Banisteria %M VCR_1022460_7 %1 Brannon, M.P., N.D. Moncrief, and R.D. Dueser. 2001. New records of reptiles from the Virginia barrier islands. Banisteria 18:42-43. Keywords= , island , megasite , data , journal End_keywords NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by moncrief@mail.evsc.virginia.edu, Thu Jul 18 EDT 2002 End_notes %O submitted by moncrief@mail.evsc.virginia.edu, Thu Jul 18 EDT 2002 %0 Journal Article %A Brantley, S.R. %A Naumann, J.C. %A Young, D.R. %D in press %T Application of hyperspectral vegetation indices to detect variations in high leaf area index temperate shrub thicket canopies %B Remote Sensing of Environment. %! Application of hyperspectral vegetation indices to detect variations in high leaf area index temperate shrub thicket canopies %M VCR_20100901_007 %0 Thesis %A Brantley, Steven T. %D 2005 %T Seasonal and spatial variation in leaf area index, litter production and light levels in Myrica cerifera shrub thickets across a barrier island chronosequence %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %! Seasonal and spatial variation in leaf area index, litter production and light levels in Myrica cerifera shrub thickets across a barrier island chronosequence %M VCR_05215020029_01 %K LAI; shrub; litter; production; light; succession location:island core:Primary Productivity %O submitted by dryoung@vcu.edu on Thu, 04 Aug 2005 14:00:29 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Thesis %A Brantley, Steven T. %D 2009 %T Consequences of shrub encroachment: linking changes in canopy structure to shifts in the resource environment %B Biology Dept. %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Consequences of shrub encroachment: linking changes in canopy structure to shifts in the resource environment %M VCR090823_001 %U http://atlantic.evsc.virginia.edu/thesis/steven_brantley_2009.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Brantley, Steven T %A Young, Donald R. %D 2007 %T Leaf-area index and light attenuation in rapidly expanding shrub thickets %B Ecology %V 88 %P 525-530 %! Leaf-area index and light attenuation in rapidly expanding shrub thickets %J Ecology %M VCR_07252032744_01 %K location:islandcore:Primary Productivity %O submitted by dryoung@vcu.edu on Mon, 10 Sep 2007 15:27:44 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Brantley, Steven T. %A Young, Donald R. %D 2008 %T Shifts in litter production and dominant nitrogen sources after expansion of shrub thickets %B Oecologia %V 155 %N 2 %P 337-345 %! Shifts in litter production and dominant nitrogen sources after expansion of shrub thickets %J Oecologia %M VCR_07252034418_01 %K location:island; core:Primary Productivity; core:Nutrient Cycling;core:Organic Matter; ISLAND DUNE CHRONOSEQUENCE; VIRGINIA BARRIER-ISLAND; MYRICA-CERIFERA; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; PLANT COMMUNITY; MESIC GRASSLAND; FIXATION; ECOSYSTEM; CARBON; DYNAMICS;barrier islands; stable isotopes; woody encroachment %X Woody encroachment into herbaceous ecosystems is emerging as an important ecological response to global change. A primary concern is alterations in C and N cycling and associated variations across a variety of ecosystems. We quantified seasonal variation in litterfall and litter N concentration in Morella cerifera shrub thickets to assess changes in litterfall and associated N input after shrub expansion on an Atlantic coast barrier island. We also used the natural abundance of N-15 to estimate the proportion of litterfall N originating from symbiotic N fixation. Litterfall for shrub thickets ranged from 8,991 +/- 247 to 3,810 +/- 399 kg ha(-1) year(-1) and generally declined with increasing thicket age. Litterfall in three of the four thickets exceeded previous estimates of aboveground annual net primary production in adjacent grasslands by 300-400%. Leaf N concentration was also higher after shrub expansion and, coupled with low N resorption efficiency and high litterfall, resulted in a return of as much as 169 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) to the soil. We estimated that similar to 70% of N returned to the soil was from symbiotic N fixation resulting in an ecosystem input of between 37 and 118 kg ha(-1) year(-1) of atmospheric N depending on site. Considering the extensive cover of shrub thickets on Virginia barrier islands, N fixation by shrubs is likely the largest single source of N to the system. The shift from grassland to shrub thicket on barrier islands results in a substantial increase in litterfall and foliar N concentration that will likely have a major impact on the size and cycling of ecosystem C and N pools. Increasing C and N availability in these nutrient-poor soils is likely to permanently reduce cover of native grasses and alter community structure by favoring species with greater N requirements. %O submitted by dryoung@vcu.edu on Mon, 10 Sep 2007 15:44:18 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Brantley, S.T. %A Young, D.R. %D 2009 %T Contribution of sunflecks is minimal in expanding shrub thickets compared to temperate forests %B Ecology %V 90 %P 1021-1029. %! Contribution of sunflecks is minimal in expanding shrub thickets compared to temperate forests %M VCR20080718_003 %0 Journal Article %A Brantley, S.T. %A Young, D.R. %D 2010 %T Linking light attenuation, sunflecks and canopy architecture in mesic shrub thickets %B Plant Ecology %V 206 %P 225-236 %! Linking light attenuation, sunflecks and canopy architecture in mesic shrub thickets %M VCR_20100901_003 %0 Journal Article %A Brantley, S.T. %A Young, D.R. %D 2010 %T Shrub expansion stimulates soil C and N storage along a coastal soil chronosequence %B Global Change Biology %V 16 %P 2052-2061 %! Shrub expansion stimulates soil C and N storage along a coastal soil chronosequence %M VCR_20100901_004 %0 Journal Article %A Brinson, Mark M. %D 1996 %T The role of reference wetlands in functional assessment and mitigation %B Ecological Applications %V 6 %P 69-76 %! The role of reference wetlands in functional assessment and mitigation %J Ecological Applications %M VCR_10123829_68 %1 Brinson, M.M. and R.Rheinhardt. 1996. The role of reference wetlands in functional assessment and mitigation. Ecological Applications 6:69-76. Keywords:assessment, compensatory mitigation, creation, functioning, hydrogeomorphic classification of wetlands, reference standards, reference wetlands, restoration, wetland:: Notes: submitted by mbrinson, Fri May 2 EDT 1997 :: %K assessment compensatory mitigation creation functioning hydrogeomorphic classification of wetlands reference standards reference wetlands restoration wetland %O submitted by mbrinson, Fri May 2 EDT 1997 %0 Journal Article %A Brinson, Mark M. %D 1999 %T Endangered forests (book review) %B Wetlands %V 19 %P 807-809 %! Endangered forests (book review) %J Wetlands (book review) %M VCR_10123829_63 %1 Brinson, M.M. 1999. Endangered forests. Wetlands (book review) 19:807-809. Keywords=Forested Wetlands End_keywords Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 %0 Journal Article %A Brinson, Mark M. %D 2000 %T Fluvial forms and processes: A new perspective (book review) %B Ecological Engineering %V 14 %P 307-308 %! Fluvial forms and processes: A new perspective (book review) %J Ecological Engineering %M VCR_10123829_9 %1 Brinson, M.M. 2000. Fluvial forms and processes: A new perspective (book review). Ecological Engineering 14:307-308. Notes= submitted by brinsonM@mail.ecu.edu, Thu Mar 22 EST 2001 End_notes %O submitted by brinsonM@mail.ecu.edu, Thu Mar 22 EST 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Brinson, Mark M. %D 2001 %T Book Review: Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (Paul A. Keddy) %B Limnology and Oceanography %V 46 %P 1581-1582 %! Book Review: Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (Paul A. Keddy) %J Limnology and Oceanography %M VCR_03211023208_01 %K outreach %O submitted by Brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu on Thu, 31 Jul 2003 14:32:08 -0400 %0 Book Section %A Brinson, Mark M. %D 2006 %T Chapter 12. Consequences for wetlands of a changing global environment. %E Batzer, D. P. %E Sharitz, R. R. %B Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands %C Berkeley, CA. %I University of California Press %P 436-461. %! Chapter 12. Consequences for wetlands of a changing global environment. %J Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands %M VCR_06302023231_01 %K climate change wetlands location:megasite core:Synthesis %O submitted by brinsonm@ecu.edu on Mon, 30 Oct 2006 14:32:31 -0500 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Book Section %A Brinson, M.M.. %D 2009 %T Chapter 22. The United States HGM (hydrogeomorphic) approach %E Maltby, E. %E Barker, T. %B The Wetlands Handbook %C Oxford, UK. %I Wiley-Blackwell %P 486-512 %! Chapter 22. The United States HGM (hydrogeomorphic) approach %M VCR_20100824_008 %0 Book Section %A Brinson, M.M.. %D in press %T Classification of wetlands %E Lepage, B.A. %B Wetlands: A Multidisciplinary Perspective %I Springer %! Classification of wetlands %M VCR_20100824_007 %0 Book Section %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Blum, Linda K. %A Christian, R.R. %A Tyler, A.C. %D in review %T Chapter 6. Marshes %E McGlathery, Karen %B VCR LTER Synthesis Volume %I Oxford University Press %! Chapter 6. Marshes %M VCR_20100824_007 %0 Journal Article %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Christian, Robert R. %D 1999 %T Stability and response of Juncus roemerianus patches in a salt marsh %B Wetlands %V 19 %P 65-70 %! Stability and response of Juncus roemerianus patches in a salt marsh %J Wetlands. %M VCR_10123829_62 %1 Brinson, M. M., and R. R. Christian. 1999. Stability and response of Juncus roemerianus patches in a salt marsh. Wetlands. 19: 65-70. %0 Journal Article %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Christian, Robert R. %D 1999 %T Stability of Juncus roemerianus patches in a salt marsh %B Wetlands %V 19 %N 1 %P 65-70 %8 Mar %! Stability of Juncus roemerianus patches in a salt marsh %J Wetlands %M ISI:000079409700007 %K Juncus roemerianus; tidal marsh; salt marsh; wrack; disturbance; Virginia; marsh transgression; rising sea level vegetation; zonation %X In a Virginia (USA) marsh undergoing transgression due to rising sea level, we examined the stability of the boundary between nearly monotypic patches of Juncus roemerianus and adjacent plant communities for 6 years. Patch stability was evaluated by examining interannual changes in 5 cover classes: J. roemerianus, Spartina alterniflora, S. patens, Distichlis spicata, and wrack. Patches were chosen at four sites ranging from a low marsh site with mineral soil that receives semidiurnal estuarine flooding to a high marsh site with organic rich soil that receives only storm-induced flooding from the estuary. The semidiurnally flooded site in the low marsh was the only one losing J. roemerianus cover and had largest interannual variations in wrack and bare soil. At a high marsh site near a tidal creek, incidence of wrack cover was high and patchy but apparently insufficient to reduce cover of J. roemerianus. At the two sites with infrequent estuarine flooding because of distance from tidal creeks, wrack was virtually absent and patches of J. roemerianus expanded. Patch expansion at one of these sites occurred even though the marsh subsided, and coverage by the three other species decreased over the course of the study. Overall, J. roemerianus patches appeared quite stable, with declines associated with wrack disturbance at the site that had the deepest and most frequent tidal flooding. Patch stability is due in part to the wide tolerance of J. roemerianus for hydroperiod and salinity. %O Article 180WX WETLANDS %U ://000079409700007 %0 Journal Article %A Brinson, M. M. %A Christian, R. R. %D 2010 %T Assessing functions of wetlands and the need for reference %B Biologia Ambientale %V 24 %P 1-12 %! Assessing functions of wetlands and the need for reference %M VCR_20100902_010 %0 Journal Article %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Christian, Robert R. %A Blum, Linda K. %D 1995 %T Multiple States in the Sea-Level Induced Transition from Terrestrial Forest to Estuary %B Estuaries %V 18 %N 4 %P 648-659 %8 Dec %! Multiple States in the Sea-Level Induced Transition from Terrestrial Forest to Estuary %J Estuaries %M ISI:A1995TA81300010 %K england salt-marsh; soil-water movement; spartina-alterniflora; delmarva-peninsula; plant community; chesapeake bay; tidal creeks; fresh-water; new-york; virginia %X In this paper we provide a conceptual model to examine changes in ecosystem state during the transition from terrestrial forest to shallow estuarine environments for coastal mainland marshes at the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR), United States of America. Ecosystem states are characterized by plant community dominants and soil/sediment characteristics. The five states considered are upland or wetland forest, organic high marsh, intertidal mineral low marsh, autotrophic benthic with or without submersed aquatic vascular plants, and heterotrophic benthic (estuarine bottom). Transitions between states are described from the perspective of a fixed forest location undergoing transition from one ecosystem state to another. Rising sea level is acknowledged as the master variable that forces the process of change overall. Each state is hypothesized to have self-maintaining properties and thus is resistant to change from rising sea level; alternatively, transitions between states are facilitated by disturbance or exposure to acute stress. For change to occur, resistance must be overcome by events that are more abrupt than rising sea level and that appear as accentuated pulsings, which result in another self-maintaining and resistant state. Such events facilitate plant species replacement and alter sediment conditions. Mechanisms responsible for causing a state to cross a threshold are unique for each transition type and include brackish-water intrusion (osmotic stress and sulfide toxicity), tidal creek encroachment (redistribution of sediments), erosive currents and waves (resuspension of sediments, which increases light extinction), and increasing water depth (leads to greater bottom shading). Field experiments relevant to scales at which pulsings occur are not abundant in coastal marshes. %O Article TA813 ESTUARIES %U ://A1995TA81300010 %0 Book Section %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Kruczynski, W. %A Lee, L. C. %A Nutter, W. L. %A Smith, R. D. %A Whigham, D. F. %D 1994 %T Developing an approach for assessing the functions of wetlands %E Mitsch, W. J. %B Global Wetlands: Old World and New %C Amsterdam %I Elsevier Science %P 615-624 %! Developing an approach for assessing the functions of wetlands %M VCR_10123829_71 %1 Brinson, M.M., W. Kruczynski, L.C. Lee, W. L. Nutter, R.D. Smith and D.F. Whigham. 1994. Developing an approach for assessing the functions of wetlands. Pages 615-624 in W. J. Mitsch (ed.) Global Wetlands: Old World and New. Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam. %0 Journal Article %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Malvarez, A. I. %D 2002 %T Temperate freshwater wetlands: types, status, and threats %B Environmental Conservation %V 29 %N 2 %P 115-133 %8 Jun %! Temperate freshwater wetlands: types, status, and threats %J Environ. Conserv. %M ISI:000178121600001 %K wetland loss; wetland inventories; biodiversity; hydrologic alterations; eutrophication; restoration southern high-plains; ecosystem management; irrigation practices; ecological impacts; riverine wetlands; species richness; plant diversity; north-america; central japan; great- lakes %X This review examines the status of temperate-zone freshwater wetlands and makes projections of how changes over the 2025 time horizon might affect their biodiversity. The six geographic regions addressed are temperate areas of North America, South America, northern Europe, northern Mediterranean, temperate Russia, Mongolia, north-east China, Korea and Japan, and southern Australia and New Zealand. Information from the recent technical literature, general accounts in books, and some first-hand experience provided the basis for describing major wetland types, their status and major threats. Loss of biodiversity is a consequence both of a reduction in area and deterioration in condition. The information base for either change is highly variable geographically. Many countries lack accurate inventories, and for those with inventories, classifications differ, thus making comparisons difficult. Factors responsible for losses and degradation include diversions and damming of river flows, disconnecting floodplain wetlands from flood flows, eutrophication, contamination, grazing, harvests of plants and animals, global warming, invasions of exotics, and the practices of filling, dyking and draining. In humid regions, drainage of depressions and flats has eliminated large areas of wetlands. In arid regions, irrigated agriculture directly competes with wetlands for water. Eutrophication is widespread, which, together with effects of invasive species, reduces biotic complexity. In northern Europe and the northern Mediterranean, losses have been ongoing for hundreds of years, while losses in North America accelerated during the 1950s through to the 1970s. In contrast, areas such as China appear to be on the cusp of expanding drainage projects and building impoundments that will eliminate and degrade freshwater wetlands. Generalizations and trends gleaned from this paper should be considered only as a starting point for developing world-scale data sets. One trend is that the more industrialized countries are likely to conserve their already impacted, remaining wetlands, while nations with less industrialization are now experiencing accelerated losses, and may continue to do so for the next several decades. Another observation is that countries with both protection and restoration programmes do not necessarily enjoy a net increase in area and improvement in condition. Consequently, both reductions in the rates of wetland loss and increases in the rates of restoration are needed in tandem to achieve overall improvements in wetland area and condition. %O Review 595RB ENVIRON CONSERV %U ://000178121600001 %0 Book Section %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Rheinhardt, R. D. %D 1999 %T Wetland functions and relations to societal values %E Messina, M. G. %E Conner, W. H. %B Southern Forested Wetlands: Ecology and Management %C Boca Raton %I Lewis Publishers %P 29 %! Wetland functions and relations to societal values %M VCR_10123829_66 %1 Brinson, M.M. and R. D. Rheinhardt. 1999. Wetland functions and relations to societal values. Pages 29 in M. G. Messina and W. H. Conner. Southern Forested Wetlands: Ecology and Management. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida. Keywords=Forested wetlands, functions, values End_keywords Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 End_notes %0 Book Section %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Smith, R. D. %A Whigham, D. F. %A Lee, L. C. %A Rheinhardt, R. D. %A Nutter, W. L. %D 1998 %T Progress in development of the hydrogeomorphic approach for assessing the functioning of wetlands %E McComb, A. J. %E Davis, J. A. %B Wetlands for the Future %C Adelaide, Australia %I Gleneagles Publishing %P 383 %! Progress in development of the hydrogeomorphic approach for assessing the functioning of wetlands %M VCR_10123829_69 %1 Brinson, M.M., R.D. Smith, D.F. Whigham, L.C. Lee, R.D. Rheinhardt, and W.L. Nutter. 1998. Progress in development of the hydrogeomorphic approach for assessing the functioning of wetlands. Pages 383 in A. J. McComb and J. A. Davis. Wetlands for the Future. Gleneagles Publishing, Adelaide, Australia. Keywords=wetland functional assessment End_keywords Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 End_notes %0 Book Section %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Verhoeven, J. %D 1999 %T Riparian forests %E Hunter, M. L. %B Maintaining Biodiversity in Forested Ecosystems %C Cambridge, UK %I Cambridge University Press %P 265-200 %! Riparian forests %M VCR_10123829_64 %1 Brinson, M.M. and J. Verhoeven. 1999. Riparian forests. Pages 265-200 in M.L. Hunter (editor) Maintaining Biodiversity in Forested Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. Keywords=riparian ecosystems, forested wetlands End_keywords Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 %0 Thesis %A Buck, Tracy L. %D 2001 %T High marsh plant community response to sea-level rise induced high marsh subsidence and ecosystem state change %B Biology %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %9 M.S. Thesis %! High marsh plant community response to sea-level rise induced high marsh subsidence and ecosystem state change %M VCR_10123829_11 %1 Buck, T. 2001. High marsh plant community response to sea-level rise induced high marsh subsidence and ecosystem state change. East Carolina University, Greenville, NC pp. Keywords=adenylates, Distichlis spicata, Spartina patens End_keywords Notes= submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Aug 8 EDT 2001 End_notes %K adenylates Distichlis spicata Spartina patens %0 Journal Article %A Buffam, Ishi %A McGlathery, Karen J. %D 2003 %T Effect of ultraviolet light on dissolved nitrogen transformations in coastal lagoon water %B Limnology and Oceanography %V 48 %N 2 %P 723-734 %8 Mar %! Effect of ultraviolet light on dissolved nitrogen transformations in coastal lagoon water %J Limnol. Oceanogr. %M ISI:000181758700012 %K free amino-acids; biologically available nitrogen; organic- matter; humic substances; natural-waters; photochemical degradation; colloidal matter; carbon; photodegradation; phytoplankton; nitrogen; organic nitrogen; amino acids; nutrient cycling; lagoon; location:lagoon; core:Nutrient Cycling %X The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the production of inorganic nitrogen, urea, and amino acids from aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM) was investigated for waters from Hog Island Bay, a coastal lagoon in Virginia. Waters representing distinct sources of DOM to the lagoon were subjected to UV light mimicking the natural solar spectrum. Dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations did not change measurably during the 36-h incubation, while calculated dissolved organic carbon concentrations dropped by up to 17%, resulting in decreases in estimated C/N for some samples. Nitrate and urea levels were not consistently altered in the light, while ammonium photoproduction rates of up to 0.032 mumol N L-1 h(-1) were observed. Changes in dissolved free amino acids were measured in a groundwater sample obtained from a shoreline seep, and this sample exhibited photoproduction of glycine and alanine at rates of 0.8-1.1 nmol N L-1 h(-1). The rates of ammonium and amino acid formation, when scaled up to estimate photoproduction in the lagoon system, appeared to be minor relative to other sources to and fluxes within the system. submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu on Tue, 10 Feb 2004 09:26:30 -0500 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %O Article 659CB LIMNOL OCEANOGR %U ://000181758700012 %0 Journal Article %A Bulger, A. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Monaco, M. A. %A McCormick-Ray, J. %D 1993 %T Biologically-based estuarine salinity zones derived from a multivariate analysis %B Estuaries %V 16 %N 2 %P 311-322 %! Biologically-based estuarine salinity zones derived from a multivariate analysis %J Estuaries. %M VCR_10123829_72 %1 Bulger, A., B.P. Hayden, M.A. Monaco and J. McCormick-Ray 1993. Biologically-based estuarine salinity zones derived from a multivariate analysis. Estuaries. 16(2):311-322. %0 Thesis %A Callaghan, A. %D 1999 %T Factors controlling the distribution of nitrate in a shallow coastal plain aquifer on Virginia's Eastern Shore %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 311-322 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Factors controlling the distribution of nitrate in a shallow coastal plain aquifer on Virginia's Eastern Shore %M VCR_10123829_73 %1 Callaghan, A. V. 1999. Factors controlling the distribution of nitrate in a shallow coastal plain aquifer on Virginia's Eastern Shore. M.S. Thesis University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. %0 Book %A Callaos, N. %A Porter, John H. %A Rishe, N. %D 2002 %T Proceedings of the 6th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: Volume VII Information Systems Development II, July 14-18, 2002 %C Orlando, Florida, USA %I International Institute of Informatics and Systemics %V 7 %P 536 %! Proceedings of the 6th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: Volume VII Information Systems Development II, July 14-18, 2002 %M VCR_1022460_22 %1 Callaos, N., J.H. Porter and N. Rishe. 2002. Proceedings of the 6th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: Volume VII Information Systems Development II, July 14-18, 2002. International Institute of Informatics and Systemics. Orlando, Florida, USA. pp. 536. Keywords=Data management , data , book End_keywords Abstract=Abstracts from the SCI2002 meeting End_abstract NSFAck=N Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Wed Sep 4 EDT 2002 End_notes %K Data management , data , book %0 Thesis %A Cannon, Takisha A. %D 1998 %T A comparison of microbial food webs in tidal marsh creeks of Northhampton County, Virginia %C University of Virginia %P 122 %9 Masters Thesis %! A comparison of microbial food webs in tidal marsh creeks of Northhampton County, Virginia %M VCR_10123829_74 %1 Cannon, Takisha A. 1998. A comparison of microbial food webs in tidal marsh creeks of Northhampton County, Virginia. Masters Thesis, University of Virginia pp. 122 Keywords:bacterial dynamics, phytoplankton:: Notes: submitted by lblum, Tue Jun 16 EDT 1998 :: %K bacterial dynamics phytoplankton %O submitted by lblum, Tue Jun 16 EDT 1998 %0 Journal Article %A Cao, M. %A Prince, S. D. %A Shugart, Herman H. %D 2002 %T Increasing terrestrial carbon uptake from the 1980s to the 1990s with changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 %B Global Biogeochemical Cycles %V 16 %N 4 %P 1069 %! Increasing terrestrial carbon uptake from the 1980s to the 1990s with changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 %M VCR_200212310002 %0 Journal Article %A Carter, G. A. %A Young, Donald R. %D 1995 %T Foliar spectral relfectance and plant stress on a barrier island %B International Journal of Plant Science %V 154 %P 298-305 %! Foliar spectral relfectance and plant stress on a barrier island %J International Journal of Plant Science %M VCR_10123829_77 %1 Carter, G.A. and D.R. Young. 1995. Foliar spectral relfectance and plant stress on a barrier island. International Journal of Plant Science 154:298-305. Notes= submitted by dyoung@felix.vcu.edu, Wed Nov 29 EST 1995 End_notes %O submitted by dyoung@felix.vcu.edu, Wed Nov 29 EST 1995 %0 Thesis %A Casciano, Gina Marie %D 2007 %T Soil fungal community patterns in a Virginia salt marsh %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 135 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Soil fungal community patterns in a Virginia salt marsh %M VCR20090725_001 %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/casciano%20thesis.pdf %0 Thesis %A Chambers, R. %D 1990 %T Nitrogen and Phosphorous Dynamics in Tidal Freshwater Marshes %C Charlottesville, Va %I Univeristy of Virginia %P 298-305 %9 Ph.D Thesis %! Nitrogen and Phosphorous Dynamics in Tidal Freshwater Marshes %M VCR_10123829_78 %1 Chambers, R. 1990. Nitrogen and Phosphorous Dynamics in Tidal Freshwater Marshes. Ph.D Thesis. Univeristy of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Chambers, R. %D 1992 %T A fluctuating water-level chamber for biogeochemical experiments in tidal marshes %B Estuaries %V 15 %P 53-58 %! A fluctuating water-level chamber for biogeochemical experiments in tidal marshes %J Estuaries %M VCR_10123829_79 %1 Chambers, R. 1992. A fluctuating water-level chamber for biogeochemical experiments in tidal marshes. Estuaries 15:53-58. %0 Journal Article %A Chambers, R. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1990 %T Porewater oxidation, dissloved phosphate and the iron curtain: Iron-phosphorous relations in tidal freshwater marshes %B Biogeochem. %V 10 %P 37-52 %! Porewater oxidation, dissloved phosphate and the iron curtain: Iron-phosphorous relations in tidal freshwater marshes %J Biogeochem. %M VCR_10123829_80 %1 Chambers, R., W.E. Odum. 1990. Porewater oxidation, dissloved phosphate and the iron curtain: Iron-phosphorous relations in tidal freshwater marshes. Biogeochem. 10:37-52. %0 Journal Article %A Chambers, R. M. %A Harvey, J. W. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1992 %T Ammonium and phosphate dynamics in a Virginia salt marsh %B Estuaries %V 15 %N 3 %P 349-359 %! Ammonium and phosphate dynamics in a Virginia salt marsh %J Estuaries %M VCR_10123829_81 %1 Chambers, R.M., J.W. Harvey and W.E. Odum 1992. Ammonium and phosphate dynamics in a Virginia salt marsh. Estuaries 15(3):349-359. %0 Journal Article %A Christian, Robert R. %D 1994 %T Aggregation and Disaggregation of Microbial Food Webs %B Microbial Ecology %V 28 %N 2 %P 327-329 %8 Sep-Oct %! Aggregation and Disaggregation of Microbial Food Webs %J Microb. Ecol. %M ISI:A1994PN36200027 %K ecosystem; bacteria %X Models of the microbial food web have generally used compartments aggregated by general body size and gross taxonomy. It has been assumed that these also reflect guilds or holons. Generally, results of simulation or analysis based on this structure have been reasonably well validated. Herein I summarize why the aggregations may be justified and what may be learned from disaggregation. %O Article PN362 MICROBIAL ECOL %U ://A1994PN36200027 %0 Book Section %A Christian, Robert R. %D 2002 %T Coastal resources %B Global Terrestrial Observing System Biennial Report 2000-2001 %C Rome, Italy %I FAO %P 18-19 %! Coastal resources %M VCR_1022460_10 %1 Christian, R.R. 2002. Coastal resources. Pages 18-19 in FAO, Rome, Italy. Global Terrestrial Observing System Biennial Report 2000-2001. Keywords=GTOS , xsite , other End_keywords NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu, Mon Aug 12 EDT 2002 End_notes %K GTOS , xsite , other %0 Journal Article %A Christian, Robert R. %D 2003 %T Coastal initiative of the Global Terrestrial Observing System %B Ocean & Coastal Management %V 46 %N 3-4 %P 313-321 %! Coastal initiative of the Global Terrestrial Observing System %J Ocean Coastal Manage. %M ISI:000182799800007 %X The three global observing systems (the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS); the Global Oceanographic Observing System (GOOS);. and the, Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS)) are designed to detect and assess, global change. A land-based coastal observing system initiative under GTOS is at the beginnings and will lead toward the integration of terrestrial and freshwater observations with marine observations under the auspices of coastal GOOS. The GTOS infrastructure already builds on national, regional and global programs for terrestrial observations, but more emphasis is needed on the unique circumstances of coastal ecosystems. Coastal GTOS will use the observing system philosophy and infrastructure to identify and improve access to data and information about coastal change; assist users to make that access systematically; ensure that appropriate measures are being or can be made; and integrate terrestrial observations with marine observations. Key variables have been defined for GTOS. But major challenges include evaluating these and others for coastal ecosystems and identifying the indicators of coastal condition that operate at appropriate scales. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. %O Article 677HA OCEAN COAST MANAGE %U ://000182799800007 %0 Book Section %A Christian, Robert R. %D 2003 %T E6-70-05-01 Concepts of ecosystem, level, and scale. %E N.ESCO, U. %B Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) %C Oxford, UK %I Eolss Publishers %Y Bodini, A. %S Ecology theme %! E6-70-05-01 Concepts of ecosystem, level, and scale. %M VCR_200312310002 %U http://www.eolss.net %0 Generic %A Christian, Robert R. %D 2004 %T GTOS coastal programme. %B Global Terrestrial Observing System Biennial Report 2002-2003 %C Rome, Italy. %I FAO of the UN %P 12-13 %! GTOS coastal programme. %J Global Terrestrial Observing System Biennial Report 2002-2003 %M VCR_05208100612_01 %K outreach %O submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu on Thu, 28 Jul 2005 10:06:12 -0400 %0 Journal Article %A Christian, Robert R. %D 2005 %T Beyond the Mediterranean to global observations of coastal lagoons. %B Hydrobiologia . %V 550 %P 1-8 %! Beyond the Mediterranean to global observations of coastal lagoons. %M VCR_200512310001 %0 Magazine Article %A Christian, R. R. %D 2009 %T The value of healthy estuaries %B ActionBioscience %! The value of healthy estuaries %M VCR_20100824_003 %U http://www.actionbioscience.org/environment/christian.html %0 Book Section %A Christian, Robert R. %A Baird, D. %A Luczkovich, J. %A Johnson, J. C. %A Scharler, U. %A Ulanowicz, R. E. %D 2005 %T Role of network analysis in comparative ecosystem ecology of estuaries. %E Belgrano, A. %E Scharler, U. M. %E Dunne, J. %E Ulanowicz, R. E. %B Complexity in Aquatic Food Webs: an Ecosystem Approach. %C Oxford, UK %I Oxford University Press %P 25-40 %! Role of network analysis in comparative ecosystem ecology of estuaries. %J Complexity in Aquatic Food Webs: an Ecosystem Approach. %M VCR_05208095504_01 %K food webs; estuaries; location:megasite; core:Nutrient Cycling; core:Synthesis %O submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu on Thu, 28 Jul 2005 09:55:04 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Book Section %A Christian, Robert R. %A Capone, D. G. %D 1996 %T Overview of issues in aquatic microbial ecology %E Hurst, C. J. %E Knudsen, G. R. %E McInerney, M. J. %E Stetzenbach, L. D. %E Walter, M. V. %B Manual of Environmental Microbiology %C Washington, D.C. %I ASM Press %P 245-251 %! Overview of issues in aquatic microbial ecology %M VCR_10123829_82 %1 Christian, R. R. and D. G. Capone. 1996. Overview of issues in aquatic microbial ecology. Pages 245-251 in C.J. Hurst, G. R. Knudsen, M. J. McInerney, L. D. Stetzenbach, M. V. Walter. Manual of Environmental Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. Keywords:microbial ecology:: Notes: submitted by rchristian, Wed May 14 EDT 1997 :: %0 Book Section %A Christian, Robert R. %A Capone, D. G. %D 2001 %T Chapter 28: Overview of issues in aquatic microbial ecology %E Hurst, C. J. %E Crawford, R. L. %E McInerney, M. J. %E Stetzenbach, L. D. %E Walter, M. V. %B Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 2nd Edition %C Washington, DC. %I ASM Press %7 2nd %! Chapter 28: Overview of issues in aquatic microbial ecology %M VCR_1022460_12 %1 Christian, R. R., and D. G. Capone. 2001. Chapter 28: Overview of issues in aquatic microbial ecology. Pages 323-328 in C. J. Hurst, R. L. Crawford, M. J. McInerney, L. D. Stetzenbach, and M. V. Walter. Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 2nd edition, ASM Press, Washington, DC. Keywords=microbial ecology , nutrcyc , synth , book End_keywords NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu, Mon Aug 12 EDT 2002 End_notes %K microbial ecology , nutrcyc , synth , book %0 Journal Article %A Christian, Robert R. %A DiGiacomo, P. M. %A Malone, T. C. %A Talaue-McManus, L. %D 2006 %T Opportunities and challenges of establishing coastal observing systems. %B Estuaries and Coasts %V 29 %P 871-875 %! Opportunities and challenges of establishing coastal observing systems. %J Estuaries and Coasts %M VCR_06324084813_01 %K GTOS GOOS IOOS core:Synthesis outreach %O submitted by christianr@ecu.edu on Tue, 21 Nov 2006 08:48:13 -0500 %0 Journal Article %A Christian, Robert R. %A Fores, E. %A Comin, F. %A Viaroli, P. %A Naldi, M. %A Ferrari, I. %D 1996 %T Nitrogen cycling networks of coastal ecosystems: Influence of trophic status and primary producer form %B Ecological Modelling %V 87 %N 1-3 %P 111-129 %8 Jun %! Nitrogen cycling networks of coastal ecosystems: Influence of trophic status and primary producer form %J Ecol. Model. %M ISI:A1996UQ56000011 %K estuary ecosystems; lagoon ecosystems; networks; nitrogen; rice; trophic status neuse river estuary; marine ecosystems; north-carolina; ricefields; temperate; patterns; lagoons; water %X We have used ecological network analysis to compare nitrogen cycles from five well-researched coastal ecosystems. These included a representative ricefield and two lagoons (Tancada and Encanysada lagoons) in the Ebro River delta, Spain; a region of the Sacca di Gore, a lagoon at the mouth of the Po River, Italy; and a drowned river estuary in North Carolina, USA, the Neuse River estuary. We constructed networks for the various systems and ranked them by trophic status (i.e., degree of eutrophication) using four indices. We then considered the importance of (1) trophic status, (2) growth form of dominant primary producer and (3) water residence time to the intensity and pattern of recycling and to the manner in which the systems can ''filter'' N. Three indices of flux (rate of import, primary productivity and total systems throughput) gave similar rankings of trophic status among ecosystems with the Italian and U.S. systems being most eutrophic, ricefields next, and then the two Spanish lagoons. Patterns of N export and of cycling within the systems were most closely related to the growth form of dominant primary producers. Phytoplankton, with their rapid turnover rate, foster rapid recycling within the water column and continuous transfer to sediments and export. Submersed and emergent aquatic vegetation and macroalgae create lags and pulses within systems by sequestering N during growth and releasing it during senescence, death and decomposition. Trends in cycling among systems relative to trophic status or water residence appear largely secondary to primary producer growth form. %O Article UQ560 ECOL MODEL %U ://A1996UQ56000011 %0 Book Section %A Christian, Robert R. %A French, C. %A Gosz, J. %A Waide, R. %D 1999 %T Perspectives on international long term ecological research %E Farina, A. %B Perspectives in ecology: a glance from the VII International Congress of Ecology (Florence 19-25 July 1998) %C Leiden, NL %I Backhuys Publishers %P 99-106 %! Perspectives on international long term ecological research %M VCR_10123829_83 %1 Christian, R. R., C. French, J. Gosz, and R. Waide. in press. Perspectives on international long term ecological research. Proceedings of the VII International Congress of Ecology. Florence, Italy July 1998. %0 Journal Article %A Christian, Robert R. %A Gosz, J. %D 2001 %T Long-term ecological research in concept and practice %B Congresso Nazionale della Societŕ Italiana di Ecologia ATTI %V 25 %P 25-31 %! Long-term ecological research in concept and practice %M VCR_1022460_9 %1 Christian, R.R., and J. Gosz. in press. Long-term ecological research in concept and practice. In . Atti del XXV Congesso Nazionale della Societa italiana di Ecologia. Keywords=LTER, Italy , xsite , book End_keywords NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu, Mon Aug 12 EDT 2002 End_notes %K LTER, Italy , xsite , book %0 Journal Article %A Christian, Robert R. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1995 %T Long-term ecological research in the United States, an international initiative and implications for Italy %B Bollettino della Societa italiana di Ecologia %V 16 %P 60-63 %! Long-term ecological research in the United States, an international initiative and implications for Italy %J Bollettino della Societa italiana di Ecologia %M VCR_10123829_88 %1 Christian, R. R., and B. P. Hayden. 1995. Long-term ecological research in the United States, an international initiative and implications for Italy. Bollettino della Societa italiana di Ecologia 16:60-63. Keywords:ILTER, Italy:: Notes: submitted by rchristian, Wed May 14 EDT 1997 :: %K ILTER Italy %O submitted by rchristian, Wed May 14 EDT 1997 %0 Journal Article %A Christian, Robert R. %A Luczkovich, J. J. %D 1999 %T Organizing and understanding a winter's seagrass foodweb network through effective trophic levels %B Ecological Modelling %V 117 %N 1 %P 99-124 %8 Apr 1 %! Organizing and understanding a winter's seagrass foodweb network through effective trophic levels %J Ecol. Model. %M ISI:000081020500007 %K seagrass community; network analysis; effective trophic level; carbon flow juvenile marine fishes; community structure; lagodon- rhomboides; webs; ecosystem; pinfish; organization; variability; aggregation; florida %X Trophic structure of ecosystems is a unifying concept in ecology. however, the quantification of trophic level of individual components has not received the attention one might expect. Ecosystem network analysis provides a format to make several assessments of trophic structure of communities, including the effective trophic level (i.e. non-integer) of these components. We applied network analysis to a Halodule wrightii community in Goose Creek Bay, St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, USA, during January and February 1994 where we sampled a wide variety of taxa. Unlike most applications of network analysis. the field sampling design was specific for network construction. From these data and literature values, we constructed and analyzed one of the most complex, highly articulated and site specific foodweb networks to be done. Care was taken to structure the network to reflect best the field data and ecology of populations within the requirements of analysis software. This involved establishing internally consistent rules of data manipulation and compartment aggregation. Special attention was paid to the microbial components of the food web. Consumer compartments comprised effective trophic levels from 2.0 (herbivore/detririvore) to 4.32 (where a level 4.0 represents 'secondary carnivory'), and these values were used to organize data interpretation. The effective trophic levels of consumers tended to aggregate near integer values, but the spread from integer values increased with increasing level. Detritus and benthic microalgae acted as important sources of food in the extended diets of many consumers. 'Bottom-up' control appeared important through mixed trophic impact analysis. and the extent of positive impacts decreased with increasing trophic level. 'Top-down' control was limited to a few consumers with relatively large production or biomass relative to their trophic position. Overall, ordering results from various network analysis algorithms by effective trophic level proved useful in highlighting the potential influence of different taxa to trophodynamics. Although the calculation of effective trophic level has been available for some time, its application to the evaluation of other analyses has previously not received due consideration. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. %O Article 208YR ECOL MODEL %U ://000081020500007 %0 Book Section %A Christian, Robert R. %A Naldi, M. %A Viaroli, P. %D 1998 %T Construction and analysis of static, structured models of nitrogen cycling in coastal ecosystems %B Mathematical Modeling in Microbial Ecology %C New York %I Chapman Hall %P 162-195 %! Construction and analysis of static, structured models of nitrogen cycling in coastal ecosystems %M VCR_10123829_87 %1 Christian, R. R., M. Naldi, P. Viaroli. 1998. Construction and analysis of static, structured models of nitrogen cycling in coastal ecosystems. Mathematical Modeling in Microbial Ecology. Chapman Hall, New York :162-195. Keywords:network analysis:: Notes: submitted by rchristian, Tue Jun 30 EDT 1998 :: %0 Magazine Article %A Christian, R.R. %A Reyes, E. %D 2009 %T Climate Change %B CERF-Lit %! Climate Change %M VCR_20100824_002 %U http://erf.org/cerf-lit-0 %0 Book Section %A Christian, Robert R. %A Stasavich, Laura %A Thomas, Cassondra R. %A Brinson, Mark M. %D 2000 %T Reference is a moving target in sea-level controlled wetlands %E Weinstein, M. P. %E Kreeger, D. A. %B Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology %C The Netherlands %I Kluwer Press %P 805-825 %! Reference is a moving target in sea-level controlled wetlands %M VCR_10123829_13 %1 Christian, R.R., L.E. Stasavich, C.R. Thomas, and M.M. Brinson. 2000. Reference is a moving target in sea-level controlled wetlands. Pages 805-825 in n M.P. Weinstein and D.A. Kreeger (editors). Pages 805-825. In M.P. Weinstein and D.A. Kreeger (editors). Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology. Kluwer Press, The Netherlands. Keywords=wetland hydrology, restoration, transgression End_keywords Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Sun Jul 29 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Sun Jul 29 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Christian, Robert R. %A Thomas, Cassondra R. %D 2003 %T Network analysis of nitrogen inputs and cycling in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA. %B Estuaries %V 26 %P 815-828. %! Network analysis of nitrogen inputs and cycling in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA. %J Estuaries %M VCR_04217091246_01 %K core:Primary Productivity core:Nutrient Cycling core:Model %O submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu on Thu, 5 Aug 2004 09:12:46 -0400 %0 Book Section %A Christian, Robert R. %A Ulanowicz, R. E. %D 2001 %T Network Ecology %E El-Shaarawi, A. %E Pierogorsch, W. W. %B Encyclopedia of Environmetrics %C London %I John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. %V 3 %P 1393-1399 %! Network Ecology %M VCR_1022460_11 %1 Christian, R. R., and R. E. Ulanowicz. 2001. Network Ecology. Pages 1393-1399 in A. El-Shaarawi and W. W. Pierogorsch . Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, vol. 3. John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd. Keywords=network analysis, ecosystem , model , xsite , synth , other End_keywords NSFAck=N Notes= submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu, Mon Aug 12 EDT 2002 End_notes %K network analysis, ecosystem , model , xsite , synth , other %0 Book Section %A Christian, R.R. %A Voss, C.M. %A Bondavalli, C. %A Viaroli, P. %A Naldi, M. %A Tyler, A.C. %A Anderson, I.C. %A McGlathery, K.J. %A Ulanowicz, R.E. %A Camacho-Ibar, V. %D 2010 %T Ecosystem Health Indexed through Networks of Nitrogen Cycling %E Kennish, M. %E Paerl, H. %B Coastal Lagoons: Critical Habitats of Environmental Change %C Boca Raton, FL %I Taylor & Francis Group LLC. %P 73-91 %! Ecosystem Health Indexed through Networks of Nitrogen Cycling %M VCR20090729_004 %0 Thesis %A Christiansen, Trine %D 1998 %T Sediment Deposition on a Tidal Salt Marsh %C Charlottesville VA %I University of Virginia %P 134 %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Sediment Deposition on a Tidal Salt Marsh %M VCR_10123829_89 %1 Christiansen, T. 1998. Sediment Deposition on a Tidal Salt Marsh. Ph.D Dissertation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA pp. 134. Keywords:sedimentation, flow, suspended sediment, deposition, low marsh:: Abstract:The physical processes that control mineral sediment deposition on a mesotidal salt marsh surface on the Atlantic Coast of Virginia have been characterized through a series of measurements of sediment concentration, flow velocity, water surface elevation and local rates of deposition on the marsh surface. Flow and sediment transport have been characterized both temporally and spatially as a function of distance from the bordering tidal creek. Measurements were made at tidal conditions ranging from tides barely flooding the marsh surface to spring tides and storm surges. Flow velocities on the marsh surface are extremely low (\< 1cm/s) during all tidal conditions measured. Flow direction on the marsh surface is perpendicular to the flow in the main tidal channel, flowing onto the marsh surface on the rising tide and off the marsh surface on the falling tide. The marsh surface vegetation, {\it Spartina alterniflora}, has a significant dampening effect on the turbulence of the flow, promoting deposition of suspended particles. Shear stresses within the {\it Spartina alterniflora} canopy are insufficient to mobilize sediment from the marsh surface. Sediment concentrations at the marsh edge are higher on the rising tide than on the falling tide, and combined with a flow directed from the tidal creek towards the marsh interior or during a tidal cycle, this pattern indicates sediment deposition on the rising tide. Sediment concentrations at the edge of the marsh increase with increased tidal amplitude, whereas in the marsh interior sediment concentration remained low regardless of tidal amplitude. The concentration gradient between creek bank and marsh interior indicates that more sediment is deposited on the creek bank as tidal amplitude increases. Correlation of high sediment transport events with meteorological conditions indicate that all high transport events are associated with strong northeasterly winds. Based on these measurements, it is estimated that 27% of sediment deposited on the marsh surface is contributed by storms\; the rest is deposited during normal high spring tides. :: Notes: submitted by pwiberg, Wed Jul 8 EDT 1998 :: %K sedimentation flow suspended sediment deposition low marsh %O submitted by pwiberg, Wed Jul 8 EDT 1998 %0 Journal Article %A Christiansen, Trine %A Wiberg, Patricia %A Milligan, T. G. %D 2000 %T Flow and sediment transport on a salt marsh surface %B Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science %V 50 %P 315-331 %! Flow and sediment transport on a salt marsh surface %M VCR_10123829_90 %1 Christiansen, T., P.L. Wiberg and T.G. Milligan. in press. Flow and sediment transport on a salt marsh surface. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science Notes= submitted by pwiberg@mail.evsc.virginia.edu, Wed Aug 18 EDT 1999 End_notes %0 Thesis %A Clark, C. J. %D 1993 %T Comparison of storm characteristics and their relation to barrier island overwash, Eastern shore of Virginia %B Dept. of Geology %C Lewisberg, PA %I Bucknell University %9 Undergraduate thesis %! Comparison of storm characteristics and their relation to barrier island overwash, Eastern shore of Virginia %M VCR_10123829_91 %1 Clark, C.J. 1993. Comparison of storm characteristics and their relation to barrier island overwash, Eastern shore of Virginia.Undergraduate thesis. Bucknell University Lewisberg, Pa. %0 Thesis %A Cohn, M. %D 1993 %T The relative role of geomorphic processes in the storm recovery of washover sites on the Virginia barrier islands %C Lewisberg, Pa %I Bucknell University %9 Undergraduate thesis %! The relative role of geomorphic processes in the storm recovery of washover sites on the Virginia barrier islands %M VCR_10123829_92 %1 Cohn, M. 1993. The relative role of geomorphic processes in the storm recovery of washover sites on the Virginia barrier islands.Undergraduate thesis. Bucknell University, Lewisberg, Pa. %0 Journal Article %A Conn, Christine E. %A Day, Frank P. %D 1993 %T Belowground biomass patterns on a coastal barrier island in Virginia %B Bull. Torrey Bot. Club %V 120 %P 121-127 %! Belowground biomass patterns on a coastal barrier island in Virginia %J Bull. Torrey Bot. Club %M VCR_10123829_93 %1 Conn, C.E. and F.P. Day 1993. Belowground biomass patterns on a coastal barrier island in Virginia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 120: 121-127. %0 Journal Article %A Conn, Christine E. %A Day, Frank P. %D 1993 %T Environmental influences on belowground decomposition rates along a barrier island chronosequence %B Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %V 74 %N 2 %P 198 %! Environmental influences on belowground decomposition rates along a barrier island chronosequence %J Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %M VCR_10123829_94 %1 Conn, C.E. and F.P. Day 1993. Environmental influences on belowground decomposition rates along a barrier island chronosequence. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 74(2):198. %0 Journal Article %A Conn, Christine E. %A Day, Frank P. %D 1996 %T Response of root and cotton strip decay to nitrogen amendment along a barrier island dune chronosequence %B Canadian Journal of Botany %V 74 %P 276-284 %! Response of root and cotton strip decay to nitrogen amendment along a barrier island dune chronosequence %J Canadian Journal of Botany %M VCR_10123829_95 %1 Conn, C.E. and F.P. Day. 1996. Response of root and cotton strip decay to nitrogen amendment along a barrier island dune chronosequence. Canadian Journal of Botany 74:276-284. Notes: submitted by fday, Mon Apr 14 EDT 1997 :: %O submitted by fday, Mon Apr 14 EDT 1997 %0 Journal Article %A Conn, Christine E. %A Day, Frank P. %D 1997 %T Root decomposition across a barrier island chronosequence: litter quality and environmental controls %B Plant and Soil %V 195 %P 351-364 %! Root decomposition across a barrier island chronosequence: litter quality and environmental controls %J Plant and Soil %M VCR_10123829_96 %1 Conn, C.E. and F.P. Day. 1997. Root decomposition across a barrier island chronosequence: litter quality and environmental controls. Plant and Soil 195:351-364. Notes: submitted by fday, Tue Jun 16 EDT 1998 :: %O submitted by fday, Tue Jun 16 EDT 1998 %0 Thesis %A Craig, C. L. %D 2001 %T Physiological responses of Phragmites australis to flooding at different salinity levels %B Biology %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 MS thesis %! Physiological responses of Phragmites australis to flooding at different salinity levels %M VCR_10123829_14 %1 Craig, C.L. 2001. Physiological responses of Phragmites australis to flooding at different salinity levels. MS thesis. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA pp. Notes= submitted by dyoung@saturn.vcu.edu, Thu Aug 2 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by dyoung@saturn.vcu.edu, Thu Aug 2 EDT 2001 %0 Thesis %A Crawford, Edward R. %D 1995 %T Microclimate comparison of gaps and intact shrub thickets on a Virginia barrier island and analysis of a shrub thicket soil seed banks on a Virginia coastal barrier island %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %P 69 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Microclimate comparison of gaps and intact shrub thickets on a Virginia barrier island and analysis of a shrub thicket soil seed banks on a Virginia coastal barrier island %M VCR_10123829_97 %1 Crawford, E.R. 1995. Microclimate comparison of gaps and intact shrub thickets on a Virginia barrier island and analysis of a shrub thicket soil seed banks on a Virginia coastal barrier island. M.S. Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. pp. 69. Advisor: D. Young %0 Journal Article %A Crawford, Edward R. %A Young, Donald R. %D 1998 %T Gap dynamics within shrub thickets on an Atlantic Coast barrier island %B Ameican Midland Naturalist %V 140 %P 68-77 %! Gap dynamics within shrub thickets on an Atlantic Coast barrier island %J Ameican Midland Naturalist %M VCR_10123829_98 %1 Crawford, E.R. and D.R. Young. 1998. Gap dynamics within shrub thickets on an Atlantic Coast barrier island. Ameican Midland Naturalist 140:68-77. Notes= submitted by dyoung@saturn.vcu.edu, Tue Jul 27 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by dyoung@saturn.vcu.edu, Tue Jul 27 EDT 1999 %0 Journal Article %A Crawford, Edward R. %A Young, Donald R. %D 1998 %T Spatial/temporal variations in shrub thicket soil seed banks on an Atlantic coast barrier island %B American Journal of Botany %V 85 %N 12 %P 1739-1744 %8 Dec %! Spatial/temporal variations in shrub thicket soil seed banks on an Atlantic coast barrier island %J Am. J. Bot. %M ISI:000077696200010 %K barrier islands; gaps; Myrica cerifera; seed bank; shrub thickets; species richness; succession dynamics; virginia; vegetation; forest %X Potential species replacement within low-diversity shrub thicket communities was investigated for a Virginia barrier island. Seed bank species composition was quantified in a glasshouse study using soil samples collected beneath closed Myrica cerifera thickets, as well as from thicket gaps. Samples were collected from productive and aging thickets, corresponding to differences in soil age. These data were compared to species presently occurring within the thickets and gaps. Seedbank species composition was not indicative of current community composition for either the intact thickets or the gaps. Seed banks resembled a more pioneer community. Thirteen families, 23 genera, and 25 species were identified from the seed bank beneath the M. cerifera thickets. Four species were woody. The within-gap seed bank included 19 families, 30 genera, and 34 species. Eight species were woody. The current community included 21 families, 33 genera, and 36 species beneath the intact thickets as well as within the thicket gaps. Eighteen species were woody. The species richness of gaps was more than three times that of intact thickets. For low-diversity shrub thickets, gaps enhance species richness. %O Article 151BX AMER J BOT %U ://000077696200010 %0 Journal Article %A Crawford, Edward R. %A Young, Donald R. %D 1998 %T Comparison of gaps and intact shrub thickets on an Atlantic coast barrier island %B American Midland Naturalist %V 140 %N 1 %P 68-77 %8 Jul %! Comparison of gaps and intact shrub thickets on an Atlantic coast barrier island %J Am. Midl. Nat. %M ISI:000075014000007 %K species composition; treefall gaps; forest; regeneration; dynamics; disturbance; virginia %X Shrub thicket (Myrica cerifera) gaps were sampled on a Virginia barrier island to elucidate successional mechaisms in the development of maritime forests. Microclimate, edaphic characteristics and spatial heterogeneity within gaps, as well as within intact thicket understories, were compared for young and aging thickets. Midday photosynthetic photon flux density in gaps ranged from 5-1000 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), but at the gap center photon flux density was up to 15% higher for the aging thicket. Soil temperatures at the surface were 9 C warmer in aging thicket gaps compared to young gaps, and 6 to 14 C warmer when comparing gaps to the understories for the young and aging thickets, respectively. Edaphic characteristics differed little with thicket age; however, gaps in the aging thicket had greater structural diversity. Species richness was 2.5 to 3.7 times greater within gaps than in intact thicket understories, with highest richness within aging thicket gaps. Relative to intact shrub thickets, gaps enhance environmental variability; through greater structural diversity. Gaps may facilitate the establishment of later seral species. %O Article 104KR AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST %U ://000075014000007 %0 Journal Article %A Crusius, J. %A Berg, P. %A Koopmans, D. J. %A Erban, L. %D 2008 %T Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge %B Marine Chemistry %V 109 %N 1-2 %P 77-85 %8 Feb 16 %! Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge %M VCR20071001_06 %U ://000254769500006 %0 Journal Article %A Culver, S. J. %A Woo, H. J. %A Oertel, George F. %A Buzas, M. A. %D 1996 %T Foraminifera of coastal depositional environments, Virginia, USA: Distribution and taphonomy %B Palaios %V 11 %N 5 %P 459-486 %8 Oct %! Foraminifera of coastal depositional environments, Virginia, USA: Distribution and taphonomy %J Palaios %M ISI:A1996VQ02000006 %K southern delmarva-peninsula %X The coastal zone of the southern Delmarva Peninsula exhibits a wide variety of barrier island system subenvironments. This study investigated, a) whether 20 a priori subenvironments could be distinguished from each other on the basis of total (living plus dead) foraminiferal assemblages, and b) the potential utility of modern, foraminiferal assemblages as paleoenvironmental indicators in barrier island systems. Sixty- eight foraminiferal species were recorded from 57 surface sediment samples. The values of species diversity (H(S)) and equitability (E) exhibit a striking contrast between. the marshes and other areas. The marshes had higher values of species diversity and equitability than the tidal flats and the channels-inlets-shoreface. Stepwise regression analyses indicate correlation of the seven most frequently occurring species in total assemblages (>30% of the total stations) with combinations of one to three environmental variables at the 95% level. Species diversity data and taxonomic composition data analysed by canonical variate analysis indicate that not 20, but four major environments can be readily and reliably distinguished, namely brackish marsh/channel, Lagoonal tidal flats, lagoonal marshes/washover fans, and channels/inlets/shoreface. Combined sedimentologic and microfaunal data can provide greater environmental discrimination. Although these modern foraminiferal distribution patterns are useful as a model for paleoenvironmental interpretations of Quaternary coastal deposits, the model should be applied with great caution. because the nature of fossil assemblages in short cores taken in outer fringe marsh and tidal flat environments indicates that taphonomic loss of foraminiferal tests is both considerable and variable. %O Article VQ020 PALAIOS %U ://A1996VQ02000006 %0 Journal Article %A D'Alpaos, A %A Lanzoni, S %A Mudd, S.M. %A Fagherazzi, S %D 2006 %T Modeling the influence of hydroperiod and vegetation on the cross-sectional formation of tidal channels %B Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science %V 69 %N 3-4 %P 311-324 %! Modeling the influence of hydroperiod and vegetation on the cross-sectional formation of tidal channels %M VCR20070823-002 %0 Thesis %A Dame, James K. %D 2005 %T Evaluation of Ecological Network Analysis for Ecosystem-based Management %B Coastal Resources Management %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %9 Ph.D %! Evaluation of Ecological Network Analysis for Ecosystem-based Management %M VCR_200512310003 %0 Journal Article %A Dame, James K. %A Christian, Robert R. %D 2006 %T Uncertainty and the use of network analysis for ecosystem-based fishery management %B Fisheries %V 31 %P 331-341 %! Uncertainty and the use of network analysis for ecosystem-based fishery management %J Fisheries %M VCR_06324085427_01 %K Ecopath core:Model core:Synthesis %O submitted by christianr@ecu.edu on Tue, 21 Nov 2006 08:54:27 -0500 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Dame, J. K. %A Christian, R. R. %D 2007 %T A statistical test of network analysis: can it detect differences in food web properties? %B Ecosystems %V 10 %P 906-923 %! A statistical test of network analysis: can it detect differences in food web properties? %M VCR20071118_01 %K ecological network analysis ecopath ecosystem-based management food web salt marsh pond stress trophic network. %X Ecological network analysis (ENA) is a modeling approach increasingly being used to examine food webs. However, most studies do not replicate networks, and a statistical evaluation of ENA is lacking. The major objectives of this study, therefore, were to evaluate statistically the effectiveness of ENA in detecting differences in food web properties and to compare ENA output with established community level indices. Quantitative trophic networks (n = 12) representing four high salt marsh ponds during three times (corresponding to low stress, high stress, and post-disturbance) were constructed from an extensive field sampling program augmented by literature values. Food webs of salt marsh ponds were used because these systems contain relatively simple food webs, have well defined boundaries, and allow for adequate replication. A null hypothesis was tested to determine how values of 12 indices from ENA output differed among the three stress/disturbance conditions (Ho: low stress = high stress = post-disturbance). Results of both ANOVA and Friedman‘s tests indicated most ENA indices were significantly different among the three stress/disturbance conditions. The amount of covariance among the indices was relatively low (7 of 66 were significant). Results were compared to differences in community indices (richness, evenness, and diversity) among the three stress/disturbance conditions. ENA output identified differences beyond those recognized by the community indices. Overall, networks were unique enough under different environmental conditions to provide statistically significant differences in ENA results. Our findings are supportive of the use of carefully constructed networks in food web analysis and for decision making in ecosystembased management. %0 Journal Article %A Dame, J. K. %A Christian, R. R. %D 2008 %T Evaluation of ecological network analysis: Validation of output %B Ecological Modelling %V 210 %N 3 %P 327-338 %8 Jan 24 %! Evaluation of ecological network analysis: Validation of output %J Ecol. Model. %M VCR20080702_014 %K ecological network analysis; ecopath; ecosystem-based management; food web; NETWRK; stable isotopes; trophic network; model validation stable-isotopes; steady-state; food webs; fisheries management; trophic structure; ecosystem; models; uncertainty; assumptions; delta-n-15 %X Ecological network analysis (ENA) is a modeling approach increasingly being used to evaluate food webs and provide an ecosystem-based approach to resource management. Unfortunately, validation of ENA output is rarely performed. This study represents part of a larger effort to critically evaluate ENA. Here we validate ENA output using stable isotope analysis (SIA), and where validation is not met, determine the effects of modifying trophic networks to reflect validation. Quantitative trophic networks representing four salt marsh ponds during late summer 2002 were constructed from an extensive field sampling program augmented by literature values. Ponds were used because they contain relatively simple food webs, have well defined boundaries, and allow for relatively complete sampling. SIA data (delta C-13, delta N-15, delta S-34) were used to validate effective trophic levels calculated by Ecopath for four separate networks, and carbon source estimates from NETWRK's total dependency matrix for four compartments in a single network. Effective trophic levels calculated by Ecopath matched those from delta N-15 data for three of the four networks. Mean differences of trophic levels between methods ranged from 0.12 (95% CI = 0.27) to 0.34 (95% CI = 0.35) in three networks, and 0.53 (95% CI = 0.28) in the fourth. Agreement in carbon source estimates was determined graphically using ternary plots. Percent carbon from three sources (meiofauna, epiphytic algae, phytoplankton/POC) given in the total dependency matrix (NETWRK output) did not fall within the range given by stable isotope mixing models for three of four compartments. Modifications to reflect validation of carbon source estimates did not result in significant differences in ENA output. Lack of validation was often due to inherent differences in methods and assumptions imbedded in the models. Our study highlights the need for feedback between model construction, analysis and validation in improving trophic networks. Moreover, validation allows the effect of uncertainty in trophic networks to be evaluated by quantifying the sensitivity of ENA output to modifications in the models. %O NSF acknowledged %U ://000252654800011 %0 Journal Article %A Davis, R. %A Dolan, Robert %D 1992 %T The "All Hallows' Eve Storm." October, 1991 %B J. Coastal Research %V 8 %P 987-983 %! The "All Hallows' Eve Storm." October, 1991 %M VCR_10123829_103 %1 Davis, R. and R. Dolan 1992. The "All Hallows' Eve Storm." October, 1991. J. Coastal Research. 8:987-983. %0 Journal Article %A Davis, R. E. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Gay, D. A. %A Phillips, W. L. %A Jones, G. V. %D 1997 %T The North Atlantic Subtropical anticyclone %B Journal of Climatology %V 10 %P 728-744 %! The North Atlantic Subtropical anticyclone %J Journal of Climatology %M VCR_10123829_102 %1 Davis, R. E., B. P. Hayden, D. A. Gay, W. L. Phillips, and G. V. Jones. 1997. The North Atlantic Subtropical anticyclone. Journal of Climatology 10:728-744. Keywords:Anticyclone, high pressure cell, climate change:: Notes: submitted by bhayden, Fri May 30 EDT 1997 :: %K Anticyclone high pressure cell climate change %O submitted by bhayden, Fri May 30 EDT 1997 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Davis, R. E. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Jones, G. V. %D 1995 %T Climatic Change in the North Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone and Northwestern Atlantic Sea-surface Temperatures %B Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology of the American Meteorological Society %P 352-355 %! Climatic Change in the North Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone and Northwestern Atlantic Sea-surface Temperatures %M VCR_10123829_104 %1 Davis, R.E., B.P. Hayden, and G.V. Jones 1995.. Climatic Change in the North Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone and Northwestern Atlantic Sea-surface Temperatures. Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology of the American Meteorological Society, 352-355. %0 Journal Article %A Day, Frank P. %D 1993 %T Plant response to nitrogen fertilization on a barrier island dune chronosequence %B Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %V 74 %N 2 %P 210 %! Plant response to nitrogen fertilization on a barrier island dune chronosequence %J Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %M VCR_10123829_107 %1 Day, F.P.1993. Plant response to nitrogen fertilization on a barrier island dune chronosequence. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 74(2):210. %0 Journal Article %A Day, Frank P. %D 1995 %T Environmental influences on belowground decomposition on a coastal barrier island determined by cotton strip assay %B Pedobiologia %V 39 %P 289-303 %! Environmental influences on belowground decomposition on a coastal barrier island determined by cotton strip assay %J Pedobiologia %M VCR_10123829_105 %1 Day, F.P. 1995. Environmental influences on belowground decomposition on a coastal barrier island determined by cotton strip assay. Pedobiologia 39:289-303. Notes= submitted by fday@odu.edu, Tue Jul 20 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by fday@odu.edu, Tue Jul 20 EDT 1999 %0 Journal Article %A Day, Frank P. %D 1996 %T Effects of nitrogen availability on plant biomass along a barrier island dune chronosequence %B Castanea %V 61 %P 369-381 %! Effects of nitrogen availability on plant biomass along a barrier island dune chronosequence %J Castanea %M VCR_10123829_106 %1 Day, F.P. 1996. Effects of nitrogen availability on plant biomass along a barrier island dune chronosequence. Castanea 61:369-381. Notes: submitted by fday, Mon Apr 14 EDT 1997 :: %O submitted by fday, Mon Apr 14 EDT 1997 %0 Journal Article %A Day, Frank P. %A Conn, Christine E. %A Crawford, Edward R. %A Stevenson, Mark %D 2004 %T Long-term effects of nitrogen fertilization on plant community structure on a coastal barrier island dune chronosequence %B Journal of Coastal Research %V 20 %P 722-730 %! Long-term effects of nitrogen fertilization on plant community structure on a coastal barrier island dune chronosequence %M VCR_04342030903_01 %K location:island core:Primary Productivity core:Nutrient Cycling %O submitted by fday@odu.edu on Wed, 8 Dec 2004 15:09:03 -0500 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Day, Frank P. %A Crawford, Edward R. %A Dilustro, J. J. %D 2001 %T Aboveground plant biomass change along a coastal barrier island dune chronosequence over a six-year period %B J. Torrey Bot. Soc. %V 128 %N 3 %P 197-207 %! Aboveground plant biomass change along a coastal barrier island dune chronosequence over a six-year period %J J. Torrey Bot. Soc. %M VCR_10123829_210 %1 Day, F.P., E. Crawford, and J.J. Dilustro. 2001. Plant biomass change along a coastal barrier island dune chronosequence over a six-year period. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:197-207. Notes= submitted by fday@odu.edu, Wed Jul 25 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by fday@odu.edu, Wed Jul 25 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Day, J. W. %A Christian, R. R. %A Boesch, D. M. %A Yáńez-Arancibia, A. %A Morris, J. T. %A Twilley, R. R. %A Naylor, L. %A Schaffner, L. %A Stevenson, C. %D 2008 %T Consequences of Climate Change on the Ecogeomorphology of Coastal Wetlands %B Estuaries and Coasts %V 31 %P 477-491 %! Consequences of Climate Change on the Ecogeomorphology of Coastal Wetlands %M VCR20080708_001 %O NSF acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Defina, A. %A Carniello, L. %A Fagherazzi, S. %A D'Alpaos, L. %D 2007 %T Self-organization of shallow basins in tidal flats and salt marshes %B Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface %V 112 %N F3 %8 Jul 12 %! Self-organization of shallow basins in tidal flats and salt marshes %M VCR20080702_008 %U ://000248031200001 %0 Journal Article %A DeKimpe, N. M. %A Dolan, Robert %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1991 %T Predicted Dune Recession on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, U %B S.A. J. Coastal Res. %V 7 %P 451-463 %! Predicted Dune Recession on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, U %J S.A. J. Coastal Res. %M VCR_10123829_108 %1 DeKimpe, N.M., R. Dolan, B.P. Hayden. 1991. Predicted Dune Recession on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, U.S.A. J. Coastal Res. 7:451-463. %0 Thesis %A Dilustro, J. J. %D 1994 %T Aboveground biomass and net primary productivity along a Virginia barrier island dune chronosequence %C Norfolk, VA %I Old Dominion University %P 50 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Aboveground biomass and net primary productivity along a Virginia barrier island dune chronosequence %M VCR_10123829_109 %1 Dilustro, J.J. 1994. Aboveground biomass and net primary productivity along a Virginia barrier island dune chronosequence. M.S. Thesis, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA. pp. 50. Advisor: F. Day. %0 Journal Article %A Dilustro, J. J. %A Day, Frank P. %D 1997 %T Aboveground biomass and net primary production along a Virginia barrier island chronosequence %B Amer. Mid. Nat. %V 137 %P 27-38 %! Aboveground biomass and net primary production along a Virginia barrier island chronosequence %J Amer. Mid. Nat. %M VCR_10123829_110 %1 Dilustro, J.J. and F.P. Day. 1997. Aboveground biomass and net primary production along a Virginia barrier island chronosequence. Amer. Mid. Nat. 137:27-38. Notes: submitted by fday, Tue Jun 16 EDT 1998 :: %O submitted by fday, Tue Jun 16 EDT 1998 %0 Thesis %A Dobson, R. %D 1997 %T Sulfate sorption in a shallow sandy aquifer %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 27-38 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Sulfate sorption in a shallow sandy aquifer %M VCR_10123829_111 %1 Dobson, R. W. 1997. Sulfate sorption in a shallow sandy aquifer. M.S. Thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. %0 Journal Article %A Dolan, Robert %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Bosserman, K. %A Lisle, L. %D 1987 %T Frequency and Magnitude Data on Coastal Storms %B J. Coastal Res. %V 3 %P 245-247 %! Frequency and Magnitude Data on Coastal Storms %J J. Coastal Res. %M VCR_10123829_112 %1 Dolan, R., B. Hayden, K. Bosserman, L. Lisle. 1987. Frequency and Magnitude Data on Coastal Storms. J. Coastal Res. 3:245-247. %0 Journal Article %A Dolan, Robert %A Inman, D. L. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1990 %T The Atlantic Coast Storm of March 1989 %B J. Coastal Res. %V 6 %P 721-725 %! The Atlantic Coast Storm of March 1989 %J J. Coastal Res. %M VCR_10123829_113 %1 Dolan, R., D.L. Inman, B. Hayden. 1990a. The Atlantic Coast Storm of March 1989. J. Coastal Res. 6:721-725. %0 Journal Article %A Dolan, Robert %A Lins, H. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1988 %T Mid-Atlantic Coastal Storms %B J. Coastal Res. %V 4 %P 417-433 %! Mid-Atlantic Coastal Storms %J J. Coastal Res. %M VCR_10123829_114 %1 Dolan, R., H. Lins, B. Hayden. 1988. Mid-Atlantic Coastal Storms. J. Coastal Res. 4:417-433. %0 Journal Article %A Dolan, Robert %A Trossbach, S. %A Buckley, M. %D 1990 %T New Shoreline Erosion Data for the Mid-Atlantic Coast %B J. Coastal Res. %V 6 %P 471-477 %! New Shoreline Erosion Data for the Mid-Atlantic Coast %J J. Coastal Res. %M VCR_10123829_115 %1 Dolan, R., S. Trossbach, M. Buckley. 1990b. New Shoreline Erosion Data for the Mid-Atlantic Coast. J. Coastal Res. 6:471-477. %0 Thesis %A Donoghue, C. R. %D 1999 %T The influence of swash processes on Donax variablis and Emerita tapoida %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 197 %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! The influence of swash processes on Donax variablis and Emerita tapoida %M VCR_10123829_116 %1 Donoghue, C.R. 1999. The influence of swash processes on Donax variablis and Emerita tapoida. Ph.D Dissertation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA pp. 197 %0 Journal Article %A Dueser, Raymond D. %D 1990 %T Biota of the Virginia Barrier Islands: Symposium Introduction %B Va. J. Sci. %V 41 %P 4 %! Biota of the Virginia Barrier Islands: Symposium Introduction %J Va. J. Sci. %M VCR_10123829_117 %1 Dueser, R.D. 1990. Biota of the Virginia Barrier Islands: Symposium Introduction. Va. J. Sci. 41:4A:257-258. %0 Book Section %A Dueser, Raymond D. %A Porter, John H. %A Dooley, J. L. %D 1989 %T Direct Tests for Competition in North American Rodent Communities : Synthesis and Prognosis %E Morris, D. W. %E Abramsky, Z. %E Fox, B. J. %E Willig, M. R. %B Symposium on Patterns in the Structure of Mammalian Communities %C Lubbock, Texas %I Texas Tech University %P 105-125 %S Special Publication of the Museum %7 #28 %! Direct Tests for Competition in North American Rodent Communities : Synthesis and Prognosis %M VCR_10123829_118 %1 Dueser, R.D., J.H. Porter, J.L. Dooley, Jr. 1989. Direct Tests for Competition in North American Rodent Communities : Synthesis and Prognosis, p. 105-125. In D.W. Morris, Z. Abramsky, B.J. Fox, M.R. Willig (eds.). Symposium on Patterns in the Structure of Mammalian Communities. . Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. %0 Journal Article %A Dueser, Raymond D. %A Terwillinger, K. %D 1988 %T Status of the Delmarva Fox Squirrel in Virginia %B VA. J. Sci. %V 38 %P 380-388 %! Status of the Delmarva Fox Squirrel in Virginia %J VA. J. Sci. %M VCR_10123829_119 %1 Dueser, R.D., K. Terwillinger. 1988. Status of the Delmarva Fox Squirrel in Virginia. VA. J. Sci. 38:380-388. %0 Thesis %A Dusterhoff, Scott R. %D 2001 %T Controls on Near-Surface Soil Moisture Dynamics within a Tidal Marsh-Forested Upland Costal Environment %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 MS Thesis %! Controls on Near-Surface Soil Moisture Dynamics within a Tidal Marsh-Forested Upland Costal Environment %M VCR_10123829_16 %1 Dusterhoff. S. 2001. Controls on Near-Surface Soil Moisture Dynamics within a Tidal Marsh-Forested Upland Costal Environment. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA pp. Keywords=soil moisture, tidal marsh, marsh-upland transition, runoff End_keywords Notes= submitted by pw3c@virginia.edu, Mon Aug 6 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by pw3c@virginia.edu, Mon Aug 6 EDT 2001 %0 Thesis %A Elliott, M. T. %D 1997 %T Influences of tidal litter (wrack) and microtopography on strand species and on community composition %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 MS thesis %! Influences of tidal litter (wrack) and microtopography on strand species and on community composition %M VCR_10123829_120 %1 Elliott, M.T. 1997. Influences of tidal litter (wrack) and microtopography on strand species and on community composition. MS thesis. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA pp. Notes: submitted by dyoung, Fri Jul 10 EDT 1998 :: %O submitted by dyoung, Fri Jul 10 EDT 1998 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Emanuel, W. R. %A Prentice, I. C. %A Smith, T. M. %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Soloman, A. M. %D 1989 %T Models for Analysis of Vegetation Responses to Global Environmental Change %E Noble, R. D. %E Martin, J. L. %E Jensen, K. F. %B Air Pollution Effects on Vegetation Including Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Second US-USSR Symposium %C U.S.D.A. For. Ser., N.E. For. Exp. Stat. Broomall, PA %P 251-260 %! Models for Analysis of Vegetation Responses to Global Environmental Change %M VCR_10123829_122 %1 Emanuel, W.R., I.C. Prentice, T.M. Smith, H.H. Shugart, A.M. Soloman. 1989. Models for Analysis of Vegetation Responses to Global Environmental Change, p. 251-260. In R.D. Noble, J.L. Martin, K.F. Jensen (eds.). Air Pollution Effects on Vegetation Including Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Second US-USSR Symposium, U.S.D.A. For. Ser., N.E. For. Exp. Stat. Broomall, PA. %0 Thesis %A Erickson, David %D 1994 %T Salt tolerance and the potential for ocean dispersal of a barrier island strand glycophyte, Strophostyles umbellata (Fabaceae) %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %P 45 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Salt tolerance and the potential for ocean dispersal of a barrier island strand glycophyte, Strophostyles umbellata (Fabaceae) %M VCR_10123829_123 %1 Erickson, D.L. 1994. Salt tolerance and the potential for ocean dispersal of a barrier island strand glycophyte, Strophostyles umbellata (Fabaceae). M.S. Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. pp. 45. Advisor: D. Young %0 Journal Article %A Erickson, David %A Hamrick, J. L. %D 2003 %T Genetic and clonal diversity for Myrica cerifera along a spatiotemporal island chronosequence %B Heredity %V 90 %N 1 %P 25-32 %8 Jan %! Genetic and clonal diversity for Myrica cerifera along a spatiotemporal island chronosequence %J Heredity %M ISI:000181165800006 %K Myrica cerifera; genetic diversity; clonal structure; heterosis; spatial autocorrelation; genetic autocorrelation virginia-coast-reserve; barrier-island; shrub thickets; seed dispersal; ponderosa pine; populations; growth; heterozygosity; patterns; history %X Changes in genetic diversity and clonal structure were investigated along a spatiotemporal island chronosequence for the shrub Myrica cerifera. On our study site, Hog Island, Virginia, USA, island movement creates a sequence of dune ridges and intervening swales along an east-west axis of the island that produces an age-structured geomorphology. This substrate-mediated age structure, called the chronosequence, superimposes itself upon cohorts of M. cerifera that colonize behind nascent dune ridges as they are formed. This chronosequence allowed comparisons of levels of genetic diversity and clonal structure among different aged cohorts of M. cerifera. We observed little change in allelic diversity along the chronosequence and no evidence for heterosis, although there was moderate change in genotypic diversity. The spatial distribution of individuals within 10 plots established along three transects intersecting the island chronosequence identified a nonrandom spatial distribution of individuals in all cohorts, with increasing aggregation of above-ground stems into multistemmed clusters in the older sites. This aggregation of individuals did not correspond to a significant increase in clonal growth with cohort age, nor was there significant spatial genetic autocorrelation within any of the plots. %O 648TC HEREDITY %U ://000181165800006 %0 Journal Article %A Erickson, David %A Young, Donald R. %D 1995 %T Salinity response, distribution, and possible dispersal of a barrier-island strand glycophyte, Strophostyles Umbellata (Fabaceae) %B Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club %V 122 %N 2 %P 95-100 %8 Apr-Jun %! Salinity Response, Distribution, and Possible Dispersal of a Barrier-Island Strand Glycophyte, Strophostyles Umbellata (Fabaceae) %J Bull. Torrey Bot. Club %M ISI:A1995RK72900001 %K seed germination; water relations; dispersal; establishment; salinity; colonization germination ecology; coastal plants %X We investigated the effects of salinity on seed germination and plant water relations within the context of dispersal in sea water for the legume, Strophostyles umbellata. This hard- seeded, trailing herb is common on coastal barrier islands of Virginia, USA. Even after 3 weeks of exposure to sea water (30 parts per thousand salinity) seed germination still approached 100%. Scarification was required for seeds to imbibe and germinate; thus non-scarified seeds did not imbibe sea water during exposure. Germination of scarified seeds occurred at salinities up to 20 parts per thousand. In contrast to seed germination, plants were more sensitive; stomatal conductance and xylem pressure potential were significantly reduced at 2 parts per thousand salinity. Soil pore water salinity was also low; 70% of the soil samples collected from a barrier island population of S. umbellata were <1 parts per thousand salinity. Due to seed salinity resistance, non-scarified seeds could be dispersed by ocean currents and remain germinable. Successful plant establishment will then occur if precipitation leaches the salts from the sandy island soils. %O RK729 BULL TORREY BOT CLUB %U ://A1995RK72900001 %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, RM %A Brinker, D %A Watts, B %A Costanzo, G %A Morton, D %D in press %T Islands at bay: rising seas, eroding islands, and waterbird habitat loss in Chesapeake Bay, USA %B Journal of Coastal Conservation %! Islands at bay: rising seas, eroding islands, and waterbird habitat loss in Chesapeake Bay, USA %M VCR_20100816_002 %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, RM %A McGowan, P %A Reese., J %D in press %T Predator removal enhances waterbird restoration on a large dredged material island in Chesapeake Bay %B Ecological Restoration %! Predator removal enhances waterbird restoration on a large dredged material island in Chesapeake Bay %M VCR_20100816_001 %0 Edited Book %A Erwin, RM %A Watts, BD %A Haramis, GM %A Perry, MC %A Hobson, KA %D 2007 %T Waterbirds of the Chesapeake Bay and vicinity: harbingers of change? Waterbirds 30 (Special Publication 1) %P 182 %! Waterbirds of the Chesapeake Bay and vicinity: harbingers of change? Waterbirds 30 (Special Publication 1) %M VCR20080708_002 %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R Michael. %D 1996 %T Dependence of waterbirds and shorebirds on shallow-water habitats in the mid-Atlantic coastal region: an ecological profile and management recommendations %B Estuaries %V 19 %P 213-219 %! Dependence of waterbirds and shorebirds on shallow-water habitats in the mid-Atlantic coastal region: an ecological profile and management recommendations %J Estuaries %M VCR_10123829_125 %1 Erwin, R.M. 1996. Dependence of waterbirds and shorebirds on shallow-water habitats in the mid-Atlantic coastal region: an ecological profile and management recommendations. Estuaries 19:213-219. Notes: submitted by rerwin, Tue Jun 10 EDT 1997 :: %O submitted by rerwin, Tue Jun 10 EDT 1997 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Erwin, R Michael. %D 1997 %T Enhancing waterbird habitat with dredged materials: some suggestions for improvement %B EPA/903/R/97009 Proc. Second Marine and Estuarine Shallow Water Science and Management Conference %P 106-108 %! Enhancing waterbird habitat with dredged materials: some suggestions for improvement %M VCR_10123829_126 %1 Erwin, R.M. 1997. Enhancing waterbird habitat with dredged materials: some sugg estions for improvement. Pages 106-108 in . EPA/903/R/97009 Proc. Second Marine and Estuarine Shallow Water Science and Management Conference. Notes= submitte d by rme5g@virginia.edu, Tue Jan 4 EST 2000 End_notes %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R Michael. %D 2002 %T Integrated management of waterbirds: Beyond the conventional %B Waterbirds %V 25 %P 5-12 %! Integrated management of waterbirds: Beyond the conventional %M VCR_03208101900_01 %K impoundments landscape scale refuges shorebirds wading birds wetland and waterbird management waterfowl location:megasite core:Synthesis %O submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu on Mon, 28 Jul 2003 10:19:00 -0400 %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Allen, D. H. %A Jenkins, D %D 2003 %T Created versus natural coastal islands: Atlantic waterbird populations, habitat choices, and management implications %B Estuaries %V 26 %P 949-955 %! Created versus natural coastal islands: Atlantic waterbird populations, habitat choices, and management implications %J Estuaries %M VCR_04194022735_01 %K location:island; location:megasite; core:Disturbance %O submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu on Tue, 13 Jul 2004 14:27:35 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R. M. %A Beck, R. A. %D 2007 %T Restoration of waterbird habitats in Chesapeake Bay: Great expectations or Sisyphus revisited? %B Waterbirds %V 30 %P 163-176 %! Restoration of waterbird habitats in Chesapeake Bay: Great expectations or Sisyphus revisited? %M VCR20080702_006 %O Sp. Iss. 1 %U ://000253831200014 %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R. M. %A Cahoon, D. R. %A Prosser, D. J. %A Sanders, G. M. %A Hensel, P. %D 2006 %T Surface elevation dynamics in vegetated Spartina marshes versus unvegetated tidal ponds along the mid-Atlantic coast, USA, with implications to waterbirds %B Estuaries and Coasts %V 29 %N 1 %P 96-106 %8 Feb %! Surface elevation dynamics in vegetated Spartina marshes versus unvegetated tidal ponds along the mid-Atlantic coast, USA, with implications to waterbirds %M VCR_200612010002 %U ://000237680200009 %0 Book Section %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Custer, T. W. %D 2000 %T Herons as indicators %E Kushlan, J. A. %E Hafner, H. %B Heron Conservation %C London UK %I Academic Press %! Herons as indicators %M VCR_10123829_207 %1 Erwin, R.M. and T.W. Custer. 2000 . Herons as indicators. Pages 311-330 in J.A. Kushlan and H. Hafner, eds. Academic Press,London UK. Keywords=herons, biomonitoring, indicators, contaminants End_keywords Notes= submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Tue Jul 17 EDT 2001 End_notes %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Eyler, T. B. %A Hatfield, J. S. %A McGary, S. %D 1998 %T Diets of nestling Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia %B Colonial Waterbirds %V 21 %P 323-327 %! Diets of nestling Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia %J Colonial Waterbirds %M VCR_10123829_134 %1 Erwin, R.M., T.B. Eyler, J.S. Hatfield, and S. McGary. 1998. Diets of nestling Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia. Colonial Waterbirds 21:323-327. Keywords=diet, fiddler crabs, fish, Gull-billed Terns, insects, Sterna nilotica, Virginia coast End_keywords Notes= submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Fri Jul 30 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Fri Jul 30 EDT 1999 %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Eyler, T. B. %A Stotts, D. B. %A Hatfield, J. S. %D 1999 %T Aspects of chick growth in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia %B Waterbirds %V 22 %P 47-53 %! Aspects of chick growth in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia %J Waterbirds %M VCR_10123829_133 %1 Erwin, R.M., T.B. Eyler, D.B. Stotts, and J.S. Hatfield. 1999. Aspects of chick growth in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia. Waterbirds 22:47-53. Keywords=barrier island, growth of young, Gull-billed Tern, marsh shellpile, Sterna nilotica, Virginia End_keywords Notes= submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Fri Jul 30 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Fri Jul 30 EDT 1999 %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Haig, J. %A Stotts, D. %A Hatfield, J. S. %D 1996 %T Dispersal and habitat use by post-fledging juvenile Snowy Egrets and Black-crowned Night-Herons %B Wilson Bulletin %V 108 %P 342-356 %! Dispersal and habitat use by post-fledging juvenile Snowy Egrets and Black-crowned Night-Herons %J Wilson Bulletin %M VCR_10123829_129 %1 Erwin, R.M., J. Haig, D. Stotts, J.S. Hatfield. 1996. Dispersal and habitat use by post-fledging juvenile Snowy Egrets and Black-crowned Night-Herons. Wilson Bulletin 108:342-356. Notes: submitted by rerwin, Tue Jun 10 EDT 1997 :: %O submitted by rerwin, Tue Jun 10 EDT 1997 %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Haig, J. %A Stotts, D. %A Hatfield, J. S. %D 1996 %T Nest success, growth, and survival of young Snowy Egrets and Black-crowned Night-Herons in coastal Virginia %B Auk %V 113 %P 119-130 %! Nest success, growth, and survival of young Snowy Egrets and Black-crowned Night-Herons in coastal Virginia %J Auk %M VCR_10123829_130 %1 Erwin, R.M., J. Haig, D. Stotts, and J.S. Hatfield. 1996. Nest success, growth, and survival of young Snowy Egrets and Black-crowned Night-Herons in coastal Virginia. Auk 113:119-130. Notes: submitted by rerwin, Tue Jun 10 EDT 1997 :: %O submitted by rerwin, Tue Jun 10 EDT 1997 %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R. M. %A Haramis, G. M. %A Perry, M. C. %A Watts, B. D. %D 2007 %T Waterbirds of the Chesapeake region: An introduction %B Waterbirds %V 30 %P 1-3 %! Waterbirds of the Chesapeake region: An introduction %M VCR20070928_02 %O Sp. Iss. 1 %U ://000253831200001 %0 Book Section %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Laubhan, M. K. %A Cornely, J. E. %A Bradshaw, D. M. %D 1999 %T Managing wetlands for birds: how managers can make a difference in improving habitat to support a North American Bird Conservation Plan %E Bonney, R. %E Pashley, D. %E Cooper, R. %E Niles, L. %B Strategies for Bird Conservation: The Partners in Flight Planning Process %C Ithaca, New York. %I Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University %P 219-234 %! Managing wetlands for birds: how managers can make a difference in improving habitat to support a North American Bird Conservation Plan %M VCR_10123829_132 %1 Erwin, R.M., M.K. Laubhan, J.E. Cornely, and D.M. Bradshaw. 1999. Managing wetl ands for birds: how managers can make a difference in improving habitat to supp ort a North American Bird Conservation Plan. Pages 219-234 in R. Bonney, D. Pas hley, R. Cooper, and L. Niles, editors. Strategies for Bird Conservation: The P artners in Flight Planning Process. Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell Universi ty, Ithaca, New York. Notes= submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Tue Jan 4 11:31:5 4 EST 2000 End_notes %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Nichols, J. D. %A Eyler, T. B. %A Stotts, D. B. %A Truitt, Barry %D 1998 %T Modeling colony site dynamics: a case study of Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia %B Auk %V 115 %P 970-978 %! Modeling colony site dynamics: a case study of Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia %J Auk %M VCR_10123829_131 %1 Erwin, R.M., J.D. Nichols, T.B. Eyler, D.B. Stotts, and B.R. Truitt. 1998. Modeling colony site dynamics: a case study of Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia. Auk 115:970-978. Keywords=colony site dynamics, Gull-billed Terns, Sterna nilotica, metapopulation End_keywords Notes= submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Fri Jul 30 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Fri Jul 30 EDT 1999 %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Sanders, G. M. %A Prosser, D. J. %D 2004 %T Changes in lagoonal marsh morphology at selected northeastern Atlantic coast sites of significance to migratory waterbirds %B Wetlands %V 24 %N 4 %P 891-903 %! Changes in lagoonal marsh morphology at selected northeastern Atlantic coast sites of significance to migratory waterbirds %J Wetlands %M VCR_04194024153_01 %K salt marsh marsh loss GIS Atlantic coast waterbirds Spartina sea-level rise location:lagoon location:megasite core:Disturbance core:Model core:Cross-site and LTER Network %O submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu on Tue, 13 Jul 2004 14:41:53 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Book Section %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Sanders, G. M. %A Prosser, D. J. %A Cahoon, D. R. %D 2006 %T High tides and rising seas: Potential effects on estuarine waterbirds %E Greenberg, R. %E Droege, S. %E Maldonado, J. %E MacDonald, M. V. %B Vertebrates of Tidal Marshes: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation %C Lawrence, Kansas %I Studies in Avian Biology series %V 32 %P 214-228 %! High tides and rising seas: Potential effects on estuarine waterbirds %J Vertebrates of Tidal Marshes: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation %M VCR_04194023702_01 %K waterbirds; sea-level rise; marsh surface; tidal fluctuations; breeding habitat; Atlantic coast[ marsh flooding; location:lagoon; location:megasite; core:Disturbance; core:Organic Matter; core:Cross-site and LTER Network %O submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu on Tue, 13 Jul 2004 14:37:02 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Truitt, Barry %A Jimenez, J. %D 2001 %T Ground-nesting waterbirds and mammalian carnivores in the Virginia Barrier Island Region: Running out of options %B J. Coastal Res. %V 17 %N 2 %P 292-296 %! Ground-nesting waterbirds and mammalian carnivores in the Virginia Barrier Island Region: Running out of options %M VCR_10123829_127 %1 Erwin, R.M. and B.R. Truitt. in review. Nowhere to hide: ground-nesting waterbirds and mammalian carnivores in the Virginia barrier island region. Journal of Coastal Research Notes= submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Thu Jan 6 EST 2000 End_notes %0 Journal Article %A Eyler, T. B. %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Stotts, D. B. %A Hatfield, J. S. %D 1999 %T Aspects of hatching success and chick survival in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia %B Waterbirds %V 22 %P 54-59 %! Aspects of hatching success and chick survival in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia %J Waterbirds %M VCR_10123829_135 %1 Eyler, T.B., R.M. Erwin, D.B. Stotts, and J.S. Hatfield. 1999. Aspects of hatching success and chick survival in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia. Waterbirds 22:54-59. Keywords=chick survival, Gull-billed Tern, hatching success, Sterna nilotica, Virginia End_keywords Notes= submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Fri Jul 30 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Fri Jul 30 EDT 1999 %0 Journal Article %A Fagherazzi, S %A Carniello, L %A D'Alpaos, L %A Defina, A %D 2006 %T Critical bifurcation of shallow microtidal landforms in tidal flats and salt marshes %B Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America %V 103 %N 22 %P 8337-8341 %! Critical bifurcation of shallow microtidal landforms in tidal flats and salt marshes %M VCR20070823-003 %0 Journal Article %A Fagherazzi, Sergio %A Hannion, Muriel %A D’Odorico, Paolo %D 2008 %T Geomorphic structure of tidal hydrodynamics in salt marsh creeks %B Water Resources Research %V 44 %P W02419 %! Geomorphic structure of tidal hydrodynamics in salt marsh creeks %M VCR20080215-001 %K Oceanography: General: Coastal processes Nonlinear Geophysics: Fractals and multifractals Marine Geology and Geophysics: Littoral processes %X This paper develops a geomorphological theory of tidal basin response (tidal instantaneous geomorphologic elementary response, or TIGER) to describe specific characteristics of tidal channel hydrodynamics. On the basis of the instantaneous unit hydrograph approach, this framework relates the hydrodynamics of tidal watersheds to the geomorphic structure of salt marshes and, specifically, to the distance traveled by water particles within the channel network and on the marsh surface. The possibility of determining the water fluxes from observations of geomorphic features is an appealing approach to the study of tidally driven flow rates. Our formulation paves the way to the application of recent results on the geomorphic structure of salt marshes and tidal networks to the determination of marsh creek hydrology. A case study shows how the asymmetry in the stage-velocity relation and the existence of velocity surges typical of the tidal hydrographs can be explained as an effect of the delay in the propagation of the tidal signal within the marsh area. %U http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2007WR006289.shtml %0 Journal Article %A Fagherazzi, S %A Howard, A.D. %A Niedoroda, A %A Wiberg, P.L. %D 2008 %T Controls on fluvial incision of continental shelves %B Computers & Geosciences %V 34 %N 10 %P 1381-1393 %! Controls on fluvial incision of continental shelves %M VCR20090610_002 %0 Book %A Fagherazzi, Sergio %A Marani, M %A Blum, Linda K. %D 2004 %T Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes %B Coastal and Estuarine Studies %I American Geophysical Union %V 59 %P 266 %! Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes %@ ISBN 0-87590-273-1, AGU Code CE0592731 %M VCR_04210030632_01 %K core:Cross-site and LTER Network core:Synthesis %O submitted by lkb2e@virginia.edu on Thu, 29 Jul 2004 15:06:32 -0400 %0 Journal Article %A Fagherazzi, S. %A Palermo, C. %A Rulli, M.C. %A Carniello, L. %A Defina, A. %D 2007 %T Wind waves in shallow microtidal basins and the dynamic equilibrium of tidal flats %B J. Geophys. Res. %V 112 %P F02024 %! Wind waves in shallow microtidal basins and the dynamic equilibrium of tidal flats %L doi:10.1029/2006JF000572, 2007. %M VCR20070822-002 %0 Journal Article %A Fagherazzi, S. %A Priestas, A.M. %D 2010 %T Sediments and water fluxes in a muddy coastline: interplay between waves and tidal channel hydrodynamics %B Earth Surface Processes and Landforms %V 35 %N 3 %P 284-293 %! Sediments and water fluxes in a muddy coastline: interplay between waves and tidal channel hydrodynamics %M VCR20090610_008 %0 Journal Article %A Fagherazzi, Sergio %A Wiberg, Patricia %A Howard, A. D. %D 2003 %T Tidal flow field in a small basin %B Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans %V 108 %N C3 %8 Mar 13 %! Tidal flow field in a small basin %M ISI:000182197900010 %K tides; tidal channel; tidal flow; tidal velocity propagation; embayments; channels %X [1] The tidal flow field in a basin of small dimensions with respect to the tidal wavelength is calculated. Under these conditions, the tide becomes a standing wave oscillating synchronously (with a flat water surface) over the whole basin. The shallow water equations can thus be strongly simplified, expressing the discharge vector field in terms of a potential function and a stream function. The potential function can be independently solved with the continuity equation, and is responsible for the total water balance in the basin. Moreover, the flow field derived from the potential function is shown to represent the tidal motion in a deep basin with flat bottom. Departures from this situation are treated with a stream function, that is, a correction for the potential function solution, and is solved through the vorticity equation. The stream function accounts for the nonlinear inertial terms and the friction in the shallow water equations, as well as bottom topography. In basins where channels incise within shallow tidal flats, the solution demonstrates that friction redistributes momentum, increasing the flow in the channels and decreasing it on the flats. The model is tested in San Diego Bay, California, with satisfactory results. %U ://000182197900010 %0 Journal Article %A Fagherazzi, S. %A Wiberg, P.L. %D 2009 %T Importance of wind conditions, fetch, and water levels on wave-generated shear stresses in shallow intertidal basins %B J. Geophys. Res. %V 114 %P F03022 %! Importance of wind conditions, fetch, and water levels on wave-generated shear stresses in shallow intertidal basins %M VCR20090610_003 %U doi:10.1029/2008JF001139 %0 Book Section %A Fahey, T. J. %A Bledsoe, C. S. %A Day, Frank P. %A Ruess, R. %A Smucker, A. %D 1999 %T Root production and demography %E Robertson, G. P. %E Bledsoe, C. S. %E Coleman, D. C. %E Sollins, P. %B Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research %C New York %I Oxford University Press %! Root production and demography %M VCR_10123829_209 %1 Fahey, T.J., C.S. Bledsoe, F.P. Day, R. Ruess, and A. Smucker. 1999. Root production and demography. Pages in G.P. Robertson, C.S. Bledsoe, D.C. Coleman, and P. Sollins . Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, New York. Notes= submitted by fday@odu.edu, Wed Jul 25 EDT 2001 End_notes %0 Journal Article %A Fahrig, L. %D 1990 %T Determinants of Local Population Size in Patchy Habitats %B Theoret. Population Biology. %V 34 %P 194-213 %! Determinants of Local Population Size in Patchy Habitats %J Theoret. Population Biology. %M VCR_10123829_137 %1 Fahrig, L. 1990. Determinants of Local Population Size in Patchy Habitats. Theoret. Population Biology. 34:194-213. %0 Journal Article %A Fahrig, L. %D 1990 %T Interacting Effects of Disturbance and Dispersal on Individual Selection and Population Stability %B Comments on Theoret. Biol. %V 1 %P 275-297 %! Interacting Effects of Disturbance and Dispersal on Individual Selection and Population Stability %J Comments on Theoret. Biol. %M VCR_10123829_138 %1 Fahrig, L. 1990. Interacting Effects of Disturbance and Dispersal on Individual Selection and Population Stability. Comments on Theoret. Biol.1:275-297. %0 Book Section %A Fahrig, L. %D 1991 %T Simulation Methods for Developing General Landscape-level Hypotheses of Single Species Dynamics %E Turner, M. G. %E Gardner, R. H. %B Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. Ecological Studies %C New York %I Springer-Verlag %V 82 %! Simulation Methods for Developing General Landscape-level Hypotheses of Single Species Dynamics %M VCR_10123829_139 %1 Fahrig, L. 1991. Simulation Methods for Developing General Landscape-level Hypotheses of Single Species Dynamics, p. 417-442. In M.G. Turner and R.H. Gardner (eds.), Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. Ecological Studies 82, Springer-Verlag, N.Y. %0 Journal Article %A Fahrig, L. %A Coffin, D. P. %A Lauenroth, W. K. %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1994 %T The Advantage of Long-Distance Clonal Spreading in Highly Disturbed Habitats %B Evolutionary Ecology %V 8 %N 2 %P 172-187 %8 Mar %! The Advantage of Long-Distance Clonal Spreading in Highly Disturbed Habitats %M ISI:A1994NB34100005 %K disturbance; long-distance clonal spreading; life history; grazing; overwash; barrier island; short-grass steppe; spatial simulation model community structure; plant community; population-dynamics; natural communities; tallgrass prairie; salt-marsh; succession; vegetation; grassland; model %X Classical theory states that cover of annual plants should increase relative to perennials as disturbance frequency increases. However, it has been suggested that long-distance clonal spreading can allow some perennial plants to survive in highly disturbed areas by quickly spreading into disturbed patches. To evaluate these hypotheses, we analysed data of plant distributions in two different ecosystems, a barrier island and a short-grass steppe. The disturbances studied were sand deposition during storms (overwash) on the barrier island and grazing by cattle in the short-grass steppe. In each case the disturbance frequency varied over the ecosystem; we categorized different areas in terms of their disturbance frequencies. All plant species in each area were categorized as one of four plant life forms (1) annual or biennial, (2) herbaceous perennial without long-distance clonal spreading (3) herbaceous perennial with long-distance clonal spreading (i.e guerilla form) and (4) woody plant. Percentage cover of each plant life form in each disturbance frequency category was calculated. In both ecosystems, (1) there was an increase in the relative cover of annuals as one moved from areas of low to moderate disturbance frequencies, but then a decrease in cover of annuals as one moved into the areas of highest disturbance frequency and (2) the guerilla forms showed the greatest relative increase in cover from moderately to highly disturbed areas. The combination of two factors can explain this pattern: (1) long-distance clonal spreading effectively reduces the time to colonization of recently disturbed sites and (2) effects of the disturbances in these two systems are probably more severe for seeds than for stems. We illustrate these effects using a spatially explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of plants in a disturbed landscape. %U ://A1994NB34100005 %0 Journal Article %A Fahrig, L. %A Hayden, B.P %A Dolan, Robert %D 1993 %T Distribution of barrier island plants in relation to overwash disturbance: A test of life history theory %B J. Coastal Research. %V 9 %N 2 %P 403-412 %! Distribution of barrier island plants in relation to overwash disturbance: A test of life history theory %J J. Coastal Research. %M VCR_10123829_140 %1 Fahrig, L., B. Hayden and R. Dolan 1993. Distribution of barrier island plants in relation to overwash disturbance: A test of life history theory. J. Coastal Research. 9(2):403-412. %0 Thesis %A Farleigh, Karen L. %D 1996 %T The influence of overwash events on the hydrology and vegetation of a pimple on Parramore Island, Virginia Coast Reserve %C Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837 %I Dept. of Geology %9 Undergraduate Senior Thesis %! The influence of overwash events on the hydrology and vegetation of a pimple on Parramore Island, Virginia Coast Reserve %M VCR_10123829_142 %1 Farleigh, K. 1996. The influence of overwash events on the hydrology and vegetation of a pimple on Parramore Island, Virginia Coast Reserve. Undergraduate Senior Thesis, Dept. of Geology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837. Advisor: C. Kochel %0 Journal Article %A Farleigh, Karen L. %D 1996 %T The influence of overwash on the hydrology and vegetation of a pimple on Parramore Island, Virginia Coast Reserve %B Geological Society of America, Abs. w. Prog. %V 28 %N 3 %P 53 %! The influence of overwash on the hydrology and vegetation of a pimple on Parramore Island, Virginia Coast Reserve %J Geological Society of America, Abs. w. Prog. %M VCR_10123829_143 %1 Farleigh, K. 1996. The influence of overwash on the hydrology and vegetation of a pimple on Parramore Island, Virginia Coast Reserve. Geological Society of America, Abs. w. Prog. 28(3):53. %0 Journal Article %A Feagin, R.A. %A Smith, W.K. %A Psuty, N.P. %A Nordstrom, K.F. %A Carter, G.A. %A Gemma, J.N. %A Gibeaut, J.C %A Koske, R.E. %A Martinez, M.L. %A Young, D.R. %D in press %T Barrier islands: coupling anthropogenic stability with ecological sustainability %B Journal of Coastal Research %! Barrier islands: coupling anthropogenic stability with ecological sustainability %M VCR_20100901_006 %0 Thesis %A Fennell, Jeremy D. %D 2007 %T Phragmites australis patch characteristics in relation to watershed landcover patterns on the Eastern Shore of Virginia %B MS thesis %C Richmond, Virginia %I Virginia Commonwealth University %! Phragmites australis patch characteristics in relation to watershed landcover patterns on the Eastern Shore of Virginia %J MS thesis %M VCR_07252033601_01 %K location:islandlocation:mainlandlocation:megasitecore:Primary Productivitycore:Nutrient Cycling %O submitted by dryoung@vcu.edu on Mon, 10 Sep 2007 15:36:01 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/Fennel_thesis2007 %0 Journal Article %A Fenster, M. S. %A Dolan, Robert %D 1994 %T Large-scale reversals in shoreline trends along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast %B Geology %V 22 %P 543-546 %! Large-scale reversals in shoreline trends along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast %J Geology %M VCR_10123829_145 %1 Fenster, M.S. and R. Dolan. 1994. Large-scale reversals in shoreline trends along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast. Geology 22:543-546. %0 Journal Article %A Fenster, M. S. %A Dolan, Robert %D 1996 %T Assessing the impact of tidal inlets on adjacent barrier island shorelines %B Journal of Coastal Research %V 12 %P 294-310 %! Assessing the impact of tidal inlets on adjacent barrier island shorelines %J Journal of Coastal Research %M VCR_10123829_146 %1 Fenster, M.S. and R. Dolan. 1996. Assessing the impact of tidal inlets on adjacent barrier island shorelines. Journal of Coastal Research 12:294-310. Notes= submitted by msf7c@virginia.edu, Fri Mar 29 EST 1996 End_notes %O submitted by msf7c@virginia.edu, Fri Mar 29 EST 1996 %0 Journal Article %A Fenster, M.S. %A Dolan, R. %A Morton, R.A. %D 2001 %T Coastal storms and shoreline change: signal or noise? %B Journal of Coastal Research %V 17 %N 3 %P 714-720 %! Coastal storms and shoreline change: signal or noise? %M VCR20080707_002 %0 Journal Article %A Fenster, M. S. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 2007 %T Ecotone displacement trends on a highly dynamic barrier island: Hog Island, Virginia %B Estuaries and Coasts %V 30 %N 6 %P 978-989 %! Ecotone displacement trends on a highly dynamic barrier island: Hog Island, Virginia %M VCR_10123829_144 %1 Fenster, M.S. and B.P. Hayden. in press. Ecotone displacement trends on a highly dynamic barrier island: Hog Island, Virginia. Ecological Applicatiions Notes: submitted by bhayden, Fri May 30 EDT 1997 :: %X Aerial photographs, recording 12 positions of the shoreline and vegetation line over a 50-yr period, were used to investigate long-term ecotone displacement trends and the relationship between ecotone displacement and shoreline migration on Hog Island, Virginia. A robust regression modeling technique, originally developed for shoreline trend detection analyses, enabled examination of the direction, magnitude, and timing of changes in long-term ecotone displacement. Measurements were obtained at 277 shore normal transects spaced 50 m apart. The results show that long-term trends in ecotone displacement and shoreline movement are nonlinear for over three-fourths of the Hog Island coast. On average, the shoreline and vegetation line experienced reversals in 1972 and 1974, respectively. Rarely did the ecotones and shorelines move in tandem or synchronously. Concavity tests indicate that most of the shoreline and ecotone are currently moving seaward and the distance between the shoreline and vegetation line is decreasing through time. Evidence exists for a decennial time lag between the reversal of the shoreline and the ecotone and vice versa. The ecotone and shoreline trends apparently correspond to tidal inlet dynamics, individual storm events, storm climate, inherited topography (e.g., dune), and vegetation type. %0 Conference Proceedings %A Fenster, M.S. %A Honeycutt, M.G. %A Gowan, C. %D 2003 %T Impact of storms on shoreline change along the mid-Atlantic coast,. %B Proceedings of Coastal Sediments '03 %! Impact of storms on shoreline change along the mid-Atlantic coast,. %M VCR20080707_001 %0 Thesis %A Fetsko, M. %D 1990 %T A Water Balance Estimate at Brownsville, Virginia %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 294-310 %9 MS Thesis %! A Water Balance Estimate at Brownsville, Virginia %M VCR_10123829_147 %1 Fetsko, M. 1990. A Water Balance Estimate at Brownsville, Virginia. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Thesis %A Field, Dot %D 1999 %T Shrub establishment on a Virginia barrier island: spatial and temporal variations in arbuscular mycorrhizae %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 MS Thesis %! Shrub establishment on a Virginia barrier island: spatial and temporal variations in arbuscular mycorrhizae %M VCR_10123829_148 %1 Field, D.P. 1999. Shrub establishment on a Virginia barrier island: spatial and temporal variations in arbuscular mycorrhizae. MS Thesis. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA pp. Notes= submitted by dyoung@saturn.vcu.edu, Tue Jul 27 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by dyoung@saturn.vcu.edu, Tue Jul 27 EDT 1999 %0 Thesis %A Fitch, G. M. %D 1991 %T The Role of Overwash on Hog Island %C Charlottesville, Va %I Univeristy of Virginia %9 MS Thesis %! The Role of Overwash on Hog Island %M VCR_10123829_149 %1 Fitch, G.M. 1991. The Role of Overwash on Hog Island. MS Thesis. Univeristy of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A FitzGerald, D. M. %A Fenster, M. S. %A Argow, B. A. %A Buynevich, I. V. %D 2008 %T Coastal impacts due to sea-level rise %B Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences %V 36 %P 601-647 %! Coastal impacts due to sea-level rise %J Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. %M VCR20080702_017 %K barrier islands; tidal inlets; salt marsh; wetlands; inundation; estuaries; equilibrium slope equilibrium beach profiles; mississippi delta plain; west-central florida; wave-built terraces; salt-marsh; shoreface profile; north-carolina; united-states; sediment transport; tropical cyclones %X The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) recently estimated that global sea level will rise from 0.18 to 0.59 m by the end of this century. Rising sea level not only inundates low-lying coastal regions but also contributes to the redistribution of sediment along sandy coasts. Over the long term, sea-level rise (SLR) causes barrier islands to migrate landward while conserving mass through offshore and onshore sediment transport. Under these conditions, coastal systems adjust to SLR dynamically while maintaining a characteristic geometry that is unique to a particular coast. Coastal marshes are susceptible to accelerated SLR because their vertical accretion rates are limited and they may drown. As marshes convert to open water, tidal exchange through inlets increases, which leads to sand sequestration in tidal deltas and erosion of adjacent barrier shorelines. %U ://000256391900020 %0 Thesis %A Floyd, Amanda Lynn %D 2007 %T Effects of Inundation Regime and Plant Community on Soil Bacterial Communities in an Eastern Shore, VA Salt Marsh %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 M.S. Thesis %! Effects of Inundation Regime and Plant Community on Soil Bacterial Communities in an Eastern Shore, VA Salt Marsh %M VCR20070930_01 %0 Thesis %A Forys, E. %D 1990 %T The Effect of Immigration on Island Colonization and Population Persistence of Oryzomys palustrius on the Barrier islands of Virginia %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %9 MS Thesis %! The Effect of Immigration on Island Colonization and Population Persistence of Oryzomys palustrius on the Barrier islands of Virginia %M VCR_10123829_150 %1 Forys, E. 1990. The Effect of Immigration on Island Colonization and Population Persistence of Oryzomys palustrius on the Barrier islands of Virginia. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Forys, E. A. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %D 1993 %T Inter-island movements of rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) %B American Midland Naturalist %V 130 %P 408-412 %! Inter-island movements of rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) %J American Midland Naturalist %M VCR_10123829_152 %1 Forys, E.A. and R.D. Dueser 1993. Inter-island movements of rice rats (Oryzomys palustris). American Midland Naturalist 130:408-412. %0 Journal Article %A Forys, E. A. %A Moncrief, Nancy D. %D 1994 %T Gene flow among island populations of marsh rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) %B Virginia Journal of Science %V 45 %P 3-11 %! Gene flow among island populations of marsh rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) %J Virginia Journal of Science %M VCR_10123829_151 %1 Forys, E.A. and N.D. Moncrief. 1994. Gene flow among island populations of marsh rice rats (Oryzomys palustris). Virginia Journal of Science 45:3-11. Keywords=gene flow, genetic differentiation,Oryzomys palustris,rice rats End_keywords Notes= submitted by moncrief@amazon.evsc.virginia.edu, Tue Jan 30 EST 1996 End_notes %O submitted by moncrief@amazon.evsc.virginia.edu, Tue Jan 30 EST 1996 %0 Thesis %A Foyle, A. M. %D 1994 %T Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the inner continental shelf, southern Delmarva Peninsula, Va %C Norfolk, Va %I Old Dominion University %P 408-412 %9 Ph.D. thesis %! Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the inner continental shelf, southern Delmarva Peninsula, Va %M VCR_10123829_153 %1 Foyle, A.M. 1994. Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the inner continental shelf, southern Delmarva Peninsula, Va. Ph.D. thesis. Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Foyle, A. M. %A Oertel, George F. %D 1992 %T Seismic Stratigraphy and Coastal Drainage Patterns in the Quaternary Section of the Southern Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA %B Sedimentary Geology %V 80 %N 3-4 %P 261-277 %8 Oct %! Seismic Stratigraphy and Coastal Drainage Patterns in the Quaternary Section of the Southern Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA %J Sediment. Geol. %M ISI:A1992KA38600010 %K chesapeake-bay; transgression; preservation; evolution %X Seismic-stratigraphic analysis of the coastal zone and inner shelf of Virginia's southern Delmarva Peninsula has revealed three geochronologically significant surfaces of post-Tertiary age that impose a relative chronostratigraphic framework on Quaternary marine transgressive and regressive events. Characteristics of these surfaces indicate that two are sequence boundaries, and one is a ravinement surface. Lying at depths of 18-70 m (msl datum), the LP(b) surface (a late Pleistocene basal unconformity) represents the sequence boundary separating the Tertiary Chesapeake Group from the overlying late Pleistocene Nassawadox Formation. High relief (approximately 50 m) on the LP(b), surface is associated with large fluvial channels. Higher in the stratigraphic section, the LP(r) surface is found at depths of 6-28 m, and corresponds to a late Pleistocene transgressive, or ravinement surface. The surface dips southeastward with a regional dip of 0.04-degrees and has local relief of less than 2 m. The LP(r) surface may represent a ravinement which extended to the west side of the Chesapeake Bay prior to the development of the Nassawadox barrier spit. However, the LP(r) surface may steepen between the axis of the southern Delmarva Peninsula and the Holocene lagoon to form a shoreface attached to one of several known late Pleistocene shorelines. Lying at depths of 0-20 m, the H(b) surface is a basal unconformity that marks the Holocene sequence boundary. It deepens seaward, with maximum local relief of about 15 m, and has a topographic expression very similar to the present-day lagoonal drainage pattern. Maximum thicknesses of Holocene and Pleistocene sediments (12 and 70 m, respectively) are found above channels on the H(b) and LP(b) surfaces. The Pleistocene channels are large and limited in number and represent high-order channels of a drainage system that drained the Piedmont and Coastal Plain. The greater density of low-order stream channels on the H(b) surface suggests a relationship to much smaller drainage basins that were confined to the seaward part of the Coastal Plain east of the Delmarva Peninsula. These late Wisconsinan smaller H(b) channels do not re-occupy the former drain paths of the much larger high-order LP(b) channels. %O Article KA386 SEDIMENT GEOL %U ://A1992KA38600010 %0 Journal Article %A Foyle, A. M. %A Oertel, George F. %D 1997 %T Transgressive systems tract development and incised-valley fills within a Quaternary estuary-shelf system: Virginia inner shelf, USA %B Marine Geology %V 137 %N 3-4 %P 227-249 %8 Mar %! Transgressive systems tract development and incised-valley fills within a Quaternary estuary-shelf system: Virginia inner shelf, USA %J Mar. Geol. %M ISI:A1997WT69300004 %K sequence stratigraphy; Quaternary; incised valleys atlantic coastal-plain; southern delmarva peninsula; united- states; chesapeake-bay; continental-shelf; passive-margin; new- jersey; stratigraphy; evolution; preservation %X High-frequency Quaternary glacioeustasy resulted in the incision of six moderate- to high-relief fluvial erosion surfaces beneath the Virginia inner shelf and coastal zone along the updip edges of the Atlantic continental margin. Fluvial valleys up to 5 km wide, with up to 37 m of relief and thalweg depths of up to 72 m below modern mean sea level, cut through underlying Pleistocene and Mio-Pliocene strata in response to drops in baselevel on the order of 100 m. Fluvially incised valleys were significantly modified during subsequent marine transgressions as fluvial drainage basins evolved into estuarine embayments (ancestral generations of the Chesapeake Bay), Complex incised-valley hh successions are bounded by, or contain, up to four stacked erosional surfaces (basal fluvial erosion surface, bay ravinement, tidal ravinement, and ebb- flood channel-base diastem) in vertical succession. These surfaces, combined with the transgressive oceanic ravinement that generally caps incised-valley fills, control the lateral and vertical development of intervening seismic facies (depositional systems). Transgressive stratigraphy characterizes the Quaternary section beneath the Virginia inner shelf where six depositional sequences (Sequences I-VI) are identified. Depositional sequences consist primarily of estuarine depositional systems (subjacent to the transgressive oceanic ravinement) and shoreface-shelf depositional systems; highstand systems tract coastal systems are thinly developed. The Quaternary section can be broadly subdivided into two parts. The upper part contains sequences consisting predominantly of inner shelf facies, whereas sequences in the lower part of the section consist predominantly of estuarine facies. Three styles of sequence preservation are identified. Style 1, represented by Sequences VI and V, is characterized by large estuarine systems (ancestral generations of the Chesapeake Bay) that are up to 40 m thick, have hemicylindrical wedge geometries, and occur within large, coast-oblique trending depressions (paleo-estuaries). Style 1 is dominated by fluvial through estuary-mouth depositional systems (Seismic Facies 1-4). Style 2 sequence preservation, represented by Sequences III and II, is dominantly an inner shelf and shoreface succession with a seaward-thickening tabular wedge geometry that does not exceed 15 m in thickness. These shoreface and inner shelf depositional systems of the upper transgressive systems tract (Seismic Facies 9) apd highstand systems tract (Seismic Facies 7 and 11) are not associated with paleo-estuaries. Style 3 sequence preservation is represented by Sequence I, the Holocene Sequence. It consists of lower transgressive systems tract fluival-estuarine, lagoonal, and tidal-inlet fill deposits (Seismic Facies 1-6, and 8) overlain by upper transgressive systems tract shelf and Shoreface sands (Seismic Facies 9). Style 3 has a crenulated wedge geometry, and is thickest beneath and seaward of the modern Chesapeake Bay mouth. It thins northward and landward onto Late Pleistocene interfluvial highs on the basinward side of the southern Delmarva Peninsula. %O Article WT693 MAR GEOLOGY %U ://A1997WT69300004 %0 Thesis %A Frank, S. T. %D 1992 %T MACIS: The Mid-Atlantic Coastal Information System and the Quantitative Analysis of Marine Processes and Coastal Characteristics %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 227-249 %9 MS thesis %! MACIS: The Mid-Atlantic Coastal Information System and the Quantitative Analysis of Marine Processes and Coastal Characteristics %M VCR_10123829_156 %1 Frank, S.T. 1992. MACIS: The Mid-Atlantic Coastal Information System and the Quantitative Analysis of Marine Processes and Coastal Characteristics. MS thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Franklin, J. F. %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Harmon, M. E. %D 1987 %T Tree Death as an Ecosystem Process %B BioScience. %V 37 %P 550-556 %! Tree Death as an Ecosystem Process %J BioScience. %M VCR_10123829_157 %1 Franklin, J.F., H.H. Shugart, M.E. Harmon. 1987. Tree Death as an Ecosystem Process. BioScience. 37:550-556. %0 Thesis %A Franklin, Rima B. %D 2004 %T Spatial patterns in microbial communities %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 Ph.D dissertation %! Spatial patterns in microbial communities %M VCR_20070212_04 %X In this dissertation, field studies were combined with laboratory experiments to examine the local spatial distribution of microbial communities, considering a number of ecological settings and spatial scales. For the field experiments, three sites on Virginia's Eastern Shore were selected: a groundwater aquifer, a salt-marsh creek bank, and an agricultural wheat field. The microbial communities inhabiting these areas were sampled at several scales (from 2.5 cm to >150 m), and compared using geostatistical techniques. Laboratory experiments were conducted as batch cultures, using sewage microbial communities, and provided a means of comparing community structure and function at very small scales (“habitat size”: 1 nl to 1 ml). In the field studies, significant spatial autocorrelation was observed, and different microbial community properties (e.g., abundance, community structure) had different distribution patterns. In some cases, multiple, nested scales of spatial organization were observed. Similar patterns were observed in the distribution of physical-chemical properties, and simple causal modeling confirmed that there was a strong relationship between habitat similarity and community similarity, in excess the common spatial pattern. A second portion of this research focused on comparing community structure/diversity with community function for different sample sizes. The results indicate that sample size is a very important consideration when analyzing community structure, but may be less important when comparing overall function. The impact of sample size on the perception of community structure and activity depended on the relative distribution of organism types within the meta-community. Differences in function could not be inferred from observed differences in structure, and this is likely due to the widespread functional redundancy in microbial systems. Functional redundancy allowed these communities to maintain their in situ activity, despite the loss of many individual types of organisms from the consortium. Collectively, these results demonstrate that a researcher's perception of the community-environment relationship may be greatly influenced by the scale/extent of sampling, and support the use of a spatially explicit approach in environmental microbiology. Moreover, conclusions about the organization of microbial communities, disturbance, or the roles of various limiting factors may differ at different spatial scales and depend on the level of functional redundancy present in the system. %U http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131425 %0 Journal Article %A Franklin, Rima B. %A Blum, Linda K. %A McComb, A. C. %A Mills, Aaron L. %D 2002 %T A geostatistical analysis of small-scale spatial variability in bacterial abundance and community structure in salt marsh creek bank sediments %B Fems Microbiology Ecology %V 42 %N 1 %P 71-80 %8 Oct %! A geostatistical analysis of small-scale spatial variability in bacterial abundance and community structure in salt marsh creek bank sediments %J FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. %M ISI:000178607900007 %K spatial variability; spatial heterogeneity; microbial community; community structure; geostatistics; salt marsh; sediment amplified polymorphic dna; microbial communities; soil; patterns; ecosystem; reproducibility; autocorrelation; heterogeneity; dependence; microscopy %X Small-scale variations in bacterial abundance and community structure were examined in salt marsh sediments from Virginia's eastern shore. Samples were collected at 5 cm intervals (horizontally) along a 50 cm elevation gradient, over a 215 cm horizontal transect. For each sample, bacterial abundance was determined using acridine orange direct counts and community structure was analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting of whole-community DNA extracts. A geostatistical analysis was used to determine the degree of spatial autocorrelation among the samples, for each variable and each direction (horizontal and vertical). The proportion of variance in bacterial abundance that could be accounted for by the spatial model was quite high (vertical: 60%, horizontal: 73%); significant autocorrelation was found among samples separated by 25 cm in the vertical direction and up to 115 cut horizontally. In contrast, most of the variability in community structure was not accounted for by simply considering the spatial separation of samples (vertical: 11%, horizontal: 22%), and must reflect variability from other parameters (e.g., variation at other spatial scales, experimental error, or environmental heterogeneity). Microbial community patch size based upon overall similarity in community structure varied between 17 cm (vertical) and 35 cm (horizontal). Overall, variability due to horizontal position (distance from the creek bank) was much smaller than that due to vertical position (elevation) for both community properties assayed. This suggests that processes more correlated with elevation (e.g., drainage and redox potential) vary at a smaller scale (therefore producing smaller patch sizes) than processes controlled by distance from the creek bank. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. %O 604GD FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL %U ://000178607900007 %0 Journal Article %A Franklin, Rima B. %A Mills, Aaron L. %D 2003 %T Multi-scale variation in spatial heterogeneity for microbial community structure in an eastern Virginia agricultural field %B Fems Microbiology Ecology %V 44 %N 3 %P 335-346 %8 Jun 1 %! Multi-scale variation in spatial heterogeneity for microbial community structure in an eastern Virginia agricultural field %J FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. %M ISI:000182940700007 %K spatial variability; microbial community; soil; community structure; geostatistics; multi-scale; nested variability amplified polymorphic dna; spruce-birch stand; geostatistical analysis; n mineralization; soil respiration; plot-scale; old field; patterns; variability; ecosystem %X To better understand the distribution of soil microbial communities at multiple spatial scales, a survey was conducted to examine the spatial organization of community structure in a wheat field in eastern Virginia (USA). Nearly 200 soil samples were collected at a variety of separation distances ranging from 2.5 cm to 11 m. Whole-community DNA was extracted from each sample, and community structure was compared using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA fingerprinting. Relative similarity was calculated between each pair of samples and compared using geostatistical variogram, analysis to study autocorrelation as a function of separation distance. Spatial autocorrelation was found at scales ranging from 30 cm to more than 6 m, depending on the sampling extent considered. In some locations, up to four different correlation length scales were detected. The presence of nested scales of variability suggests that the environmental factors regulating the development of the communities in this soil may operate at different scales. Kriging was used to generate maps of the spatial organization of communities across the plot, and the results demonstrated that bacterial distributions can be highly structured, even within a habitat that appears relatively homogeneous at the plot and field scale. Different subsets of the microbial community were distributed differently across the plot, and this is thought to be due to the variable response of individual populations to spatial heterogeneity associated with soil properties. (C) 2003 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. %O 679UQ FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL %U ://000182940700007 %0 Book %A Franklin, R.B. %A Mills, A.L. %D 2007 %T The spatial distribution of microbes in the environment %C Dordrecht %I Springer %P 333 %! The spatial distribution of microbes in the environment %M VCR070928_11 %0 Book Section %A Franklin, R.B. %A Mills, A. L. %D 2007 %T Spatial distribution of microbes and microbial communities %E Franklin, R.B. %E Mills, A.L. %B The spatial distribution of microbes in the environment %C Dordrecht %I Springer %P 1-30 %! Spatial distribution of microbes and microbial communities %M VCR20070928_05 %0 Book Section %A Franklin, R.B. %A Mills, A. L. %D 2007 %T Quantitative analysis of microbial distributions %E Franklin, R.B. %E Mills, A.L. %B Distribution of microbes and microbial communities in space %C Dordrecht %I Springer %P 31-60 %! Quantitative analysis of microbial distributions %M VCR20070928_06 %0 Journal Article %A Franklin, Rima B. %A Taylor, D. R. %A Mills, Aaron L. %D 1999 %T Characterization of microbial communities using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) %B J. Microbial Meth. %V 3 %P 225-235 %! Characterization of microbial communities using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) %J J. Microbial Meth. %M VCR_10123829_158 %1 Franklin, R.B., D.R. Taylor, and A.L. Mills. 1999. Characterization of microbial communities using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). J. Microbial Meth. 3:225-235. %0 Journal Article %A Franklin, Rima B. %A Taylor, D. R. %A Mills, Aaron L. %D 1999 %T The distribution of microbial communities in anaerobic and aerobic zones of a shallow coastal plain aquifer %B Microbial Ecology %V 38 %P 377-386 %! The influence of chemical environment and spatial separation on the distribution of microbial communities in anaerobic and aerobic zones of a shallow coastal plain aquifer %M VCR_10123829_159 %0 Journal Article %A Friend, A. D. %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Running, S. W. %D 1993 %T A physiology-based model of forest dynamics %B Ecology. %V 74 %P 792-797 %! A physiology-based model of forest dynamics %J Ecology. %M VCR_10123829_160 %1 Friend, A.D., H.H. Shugart and S.W. Running 1993. A physiology-based model of forest dynamics. Ecology. 74:792-797. %0 Thesis %A Frye, J. %D 1989 %T Methane Movement in Peltandra virginica %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 792-797 %9 MS Thesis %! Methane Movement in Peltandra virginica %M VCR_10123829_161 %1 Frye, J. 1989. Methane Movement in Peltandra virginica. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Fuentes, Jose D. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Garstang, M. %A Lerdau, M. %A Fitzjarrald, D. %A Baldocchi, D. D. %A Monson, R. %A Lamb, B. %A Geron, C. %D 2001 %T New Directions: VOCs and biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks %B Atmospheric Environment %V 35 %N 1 %P 189-191 %! New Directions: VOCs and biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks %M ISI:000166327300019 %U ://000166327300019 %0 Thesis %A Fuest, Jaime %D 2005 %T Spatial and temporal variations in dune vegetation, Orthopteran abundance, and herbivory damage on a Virginia barrier island %B MS Thesis %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %! Spatial and temporal variations in dune vegetation, Orthopteran abundance, and herbivory damage on a Virginia barrier island %J MS Thesis %M VCR_05215020316_01 %K grasshopper; insect; herbivore; succession; grass location:island; core:Primary Productivity %O submitted by dryoung@vcu.edu on Thu, 04 Aug 2005 14:03:16 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Thesis %A Galavotti, Holly S. %D 2004 %T Spatial profiles of sediment denitrification at the ground water - surface water interface in Cobb Mill Creek on the Eastern Shore of Virginia %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 97 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Spatial profiles of sediment denitrification at the ground water - surface water interface in Cobb Mill Creek on the Eastern Shore of Virginia %M VCR_20070212_05 %0 Journal Article %A Galloway, James N. %D 1998 %T The global N cycle: changes and consequences %B Environmental Pollution, %V 102 %P 15-26 %! The global N cycle: changes and consequences %J Environmental Pollution, %M VCR_10123829_162 %1 Galloway, J.N. 1998. The global N cycle: changes and consequences. Environmental Pollution, 102:15-26. %0 Journal Article %A Galloway, James N. %A Dentener, F. J. %A Capone, D. G. %A Boyer, E. W. %A Howarth, R. W. %A Seitzinger, S. P. %A Asner, G. P. %A Cleveland, C. C. %A Green, P. A. %A Holland, E. A. %A Karl, D. M. %A Michaels, A. F. %A Porter, John H. %A Townsend, A. R. %A Vorosmarty, C. J. %D 2004 %T Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future %B Biogeochemistry %V 70 %N 2 %P 153-226 %! Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future %M VCR_200412310001 %0 Journal Article %A Galloway, James N. %A Howarth, R. %A Michaels, A. %A Nixon, S. %A Prospero, J. M. %D 1996 %T N and P budgets of the North Atlantic Ocean and its watershed %B Biogeochemistry %V 35 %P 3-25 %! N and P budgets of the North Atlantic Ocean and its watershed %J Biogeochemistry %M VCR_10123829_163 %1 Galloway,J.N., R. Howarth, A. Michaels, S. Nixon, and J.M. Prospero. 1996. N and P budgets of the North Atlantic Ocean and its watershed. Biogeochemistry 35: 3-25. Notes= submitted by mk5s@virginia.edu, Tue Jan 4 EST 2000 End_notes %O submitted by mk5s@virginia.edu, Tue Jan 4 EST 2000 %0 Journal Article %A Garland, J. %A Mills, Aaron L. %D 1991 %T Classification and Characterization of Heterotrophic Microbial Communities Based on Patterns of Community-level Sole Carbon-source Utilization %B Appl. Environ. Microbiol. %V 57 %P 2351-2359 %! Classification and Characterization of Heterotrophic Microbial Communities Based on Patterns of Community-level Sole Carbon-source Utilization %J Appl. Environ. Microbiol. %M VCR_10123829_164 %1 Garland, J., A.L. Mills. 1991. Classification and Characterization of Heterotrophic Microbial Communities Based on Patterns of Community-level Sole Carbon-source Utilization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:2351-2359. %0 Thesis %A Geyer, J. M. %D 1996 %T Tracing early diagenesis of plant organic matter through compound specific isotope analysis %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 2351-2359 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Tracing early diagenesis of plant organic matter through compound specific isotope analysis %M VCR_10123829_165 %1 Geyer, J.M. 1996. Tracing early diagenesis of plant organic matter through compound specific isotope analysis. M.S. Thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. %0 Journal Article %A Giannotti, Amy L. %A McGlathery, Karen J. %D 2001 %T Consumption of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) by the omnivorous mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta %B Journal of Phycology %V 37 %P 1-7 %! Consumption of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) by the omnivorous mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta %J Journal of Phycology %M VCR_10123829_18 %1 Giannotti, A. L. and K. J. McGlathery. 2001. Consumption of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) by the omnivorous mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta. Journal of Phycology 37:1-7. Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Fri Aug 10 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Fri Aug 10 EDT 2001 %0 Thesis %A Giordano, Juliette Christina Poleto %D 2009 %T Nutrient Loading and System Response in the Coastal Lagoons of the Delmarva Peninsula %B School of Marine Science %C Glouchester Point, VA %I Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences %P 165 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Nutrient Loading and System Response in the Coastal Lagoons of the Delmarva Peninsula %M VCR20090611_001 %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/giordano_jcp_ms_thesis_2009.pdf %0 Thesis %A Gomez, Loreto Herraiz %D 2008 %T Spatial analyses and repletion of Gargathy coastal lagoon %B Dept. of Ocean and Earth Sciences %C Norfolk, VA %I Old Dominion University %9 M.S. Thesis %! Spatial analyses and repletion of Gargathy coastal lagoon %M VCR20090604_001 %X Coastal lagoons and bays vary in shape and size in response to antecedent topography, geologic processes and sea level rise. Variations in shape and environmental conditions of coastal basins are believed to influence the distribution of benthic subenvironments and the exchange of water with the ocean and other adjacent coastal systems. Gargathy Inlet and its coastal lagoon vary spatially from the inlet, where the greatest depths are observed, to the mainland, dominated by shallow intertidal areas, colonized by marsh. Hypsographic and hydro-hypsographic analyses of Gargathy’s coastal lagoon were the primary techniques applied to understand the relative distribution of the benthic and pelagic surface areas at different elevations. Using these techniques, four benthic sub-environments, upper intertidal benthic environment, lower intertidal flats, shallow sub-tidal lagoons and sub-tidal channels were differentiated. The Hypsographic curve of Gargathy Lagoon illustrated that 80.81 % of the total surface area is colonized by marsh; however, only 27% of the basin volume occurs over the marsh. Water exchange and flushing characteristics of this marsh-dominated system were associated with volume-hypsography, the hydraulic turn-over time and the repletion footprint. The volume-hypsographic curve for Gargathy lagoon, illustrated that about 77.3% of the basin capacity is completely exchanged with coastal oceanic waters with each tidal cycle. If repletion water completely mixed with residual water between tidal cycles, then, hydraulic turn-over time (HTT) could be as low as 1.29 tidal cycles. Mixing between residual water and repletion water is strongly influenced by hypsometry. Repletion patterns are strongly influenced by the presence of marsh during the last stages of the tidal cycle when water spreads over the marsh surfaces after filling the tidal channels. This study provides spatial techniques and methods that allow for a better understanding and characterization of coastal basins. %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/loretoherraizthesis.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Greenland, D. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Magnuson, J. J. %A Ollinger, S. V. %A Pielke, R. A. %A Smith, R. C. %D 2003 %T Long-term research on biosphere atmosphere interactions %B Bioscience %V 53 %N 1 %P 33-45 %8 Jan %! Long-term research on biosphere atmosphere interactions %J Bioscience %M ISI:000180385200012 %K atmosphere; climate; biosphere; ice; land use northeastern united-states; climate-change; ultraviolet- radiation; regional climate; new-mexico; land-use; forest; variability; ecosystems; ice %X Selected findings from the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program are described in the field of biosphere-atmosphere interactions. The Palmer, Antarctic, site contributes evidence to the debate on the ecological effects of increased ultraviolet-B radiation; the ecological response to a warming trend over the past half-century has been clearly documented there. The North Temperate Lakes site in Wisconsin was the principal LTER site for an international study to document a 100-year trend of change in freeze and thaw dates of boreal lakes. A multidisciplinary approach to soil warming studies benefited from observations over decades and demonstrated the importance of initial conditions. The LTER Network permits investigation of atmosphere-ecosystem interactions over a long period encompassing storm events and quasi-periodic climate variability. LTER studies show that ecosystem dynamics often cannot be decoupled from atmospheric processes. Atmospheric processes are an integral component of the ecosystem and vice versa. Finally, we provide an example of how regionalization studies, often grounded in atmospheric data, add a spatial context to LTER sites and identify controls on ecological processes across broader environmental gradients. %O Article 635EL BIOSCIENCE %U ://000180385200012 %0 Report %A Greenland, David %A Kittel, Timothy %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Schimel, David S. %A LTER Climate Committee %D 1997 %T A Climatic Analysis of Long-Term Ecological Research Sites %C Albuquerque, NM %I LTER Network Office %! A Climatic Analysis of Long-Term Ecological Research Sites %M VCR090822_001 %U http://intranet.lternet.edu/archives/documents/Publications/climdes/ %0 Thesis %A Gu, Chuanhui %D 2006 %T Hydrological control on nitrate delivery through the groundwater-surface water interface %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 Ph.D Thesis %! Hydrological control on nitrate delivery through the groundwater-surface water interface %M VCR20060928_03 %0 Journal Article %A Gu, C., G.M. Hornberger, A.L. Mills, J.S. Herman %D 2008 %T Influence of stream-groundwater interactions in the streambed sediments on NO3- flux to a low-relief coastal stream %B Water Resour. Res. %V 44 %P W11432 %! Influence of stream-groundwater interactions in the streambed sediments on NO3- flux to a low-relief coastal stream %M VCR20080703_001 %U doi:10.1029/2007WR006739 %0 Journal Article %A Gu, C. H. %A Hornberger, G. M. %A Herman, J. S. %A Mills, A. L. %D 2008 %T Effect of freshets on the flux of groundwater nitrate through streambed sediments %B Water Resources Research %V 44 %N 5 %8 May 20 %! Effect of freshets on the flux of groundwater nitrate through streambed sediments %M VCR20080702_010 %U ://000256143400005 %0 Journal Article %A Gu, C. H. %A Hornberger, G. M. %A Mills, A. L. %A Herman, J. S. %A Flewelling, S. A. %D 2007 %T Nitrate reduction in streambed sediments: Effects of flow and biogeochemical kinetics %B Water Resources Research %V 43 %N 12 %P W12413 %8 Dec 28 %! Nitrate reduction in streambed sediments: Effects of flow and biogeochemical kinetics %M VCR20060928_04 %U doi:10.1029/2007WR006027 %0 Thesis %A Hagan, Laura B. %D 1996 %T Nucleation and evolution of coastal dunes on a low profile barrier, southern Parramore Island, Virginia %B Dept. of Geology %C Lewisburg, PA %I Bucknell University %P 67 %9 Senior Thesis %! Nucleation and evolution of coastal dunes on a low profile barrier, southern Parramore Island, Virginia %M VCR_10123829_166 %1 Hagan, L. B. 1996. Nucleation and evolution of coastal dunes on a low profile barrier, southern Parramore Island, Virginia. Senior Thesis, Bucknell University pp. 67. Advisor: C. Kochel. %0 Thesis %A Halama, K. %D 1989 %T Of Mice and Habitats: Tests for Density-dependent Habitat Selection %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 67 %9 MS Thesis %! Of Mice and Habitats: Tests for Density-dependent Habitat Selection %M VCR_10123829_167 %1 Halama, K. 1989. Of Mice and Habitats: Tests for Density-dependent Habitat Selection. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Halama, K. J. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %D 1994 %T Of mice and habitats: Tests for density-dependent habitat selection %B Oikos %V 69 %P 107-114 %! Of mice and habitats: Tests for density-dependent habitat selection %J Oikos %M VCR_10123829_168 %1 Halama, K.J. and R.D. Dueser. 1994. Of mice and habitats: Tests for density-dependent habitat selection. Oikos 69:107-114. %0 Journal Article %A Hardison, A %A Tobias, C %A Stanhope, J. %A Canuel, E. %A Anderson, I. %D 2010 %T An experimental apparatus for laboratory and field-based perfusion of sediment porewater with dissolved tracers %B Estuaries and Coasts %! An experimental apparatus for laboratory and field-based perfusion of sediment porewater with dissolved tracers %M VCR_20100902_001 %U DOI 10.1007/s12237-010-9285-2 %0 Journal Article %A Hardison, A. K. %A Canuel, E. A. %A Anderson, I. C. %A Veuger, B. %D in press %T Fate of macroalgae in benthic systems: carbon and nitrogen cyling within the microbial community %B Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. %! Fate of macroalgae in benthic systems: carbon and nitrogen cyling within the microbial community %M VCR_20100902_002 %0 Thesis %A Harris, M. S. %D 1992 %T The Geomorphology of Hog Island, Virginia: A Mid-Atlantic Coast Barrier %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 107-114 %9 MS Thesis %! The Geomorphology of Hog Island, Virginia: A Mid-Atlantic Coast Barrier %M VCR_10123829_169 %1 Harris, M.S. 1992. The Geomorphology of Hog Island, Virginia: A Mid-Atlantic Coast Barrier. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %U http://amazon.evsc.virginia.edu/thesis/Harris_1992.pdf %0 Thesis %A Harvey, J. %D 1990 %T Hydrological Transport in Tidal Marsh Soils: Controls on Solute Cycling at the Scale of Marshes, Plants, and Soil Pores %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 107-114 %9 PH.D. Thesis %! Hydrological Transport in Tidal Marsh Soils: Controls on Solute Cycling at the Scale of Marshes, Plants, and Soil Pores %M VCR_10123829_170 %1 Harvey, J. 1990. Hydrological Transport in Tidal Marsh Soils: Controls on Solute Cycling at the Scale of Marshes, Plants, and Soil Pores. PH.D. Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Harvey, J. %A Germann, P. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1987 %T Geomorphological Control of Subsurface Hydrology in the Creek Bank Zone of Tidal Marshes %B Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci. %V 25 %P 677-691 %! Geomorphological Control of Subsurface Hydrology in the Creek Bank Zone of Tidal Marshes %J Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci. %M VCR_10123829_171 %1 Harvey, J., P. Germann, W.E. Odum. 1987. Geomorphological Control of Subsurface Hydrology in the Creek Bank Zone of Tidal Marshes. Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci. 25:677-691. %0 Journal Article %A Harvey, J. W. %D 1993 %T Measurement of variation in soil solute tracer concentration across a range of effective pore sizes %B Water Resources Res. %V 29 %N 6 %P 1831-1837 %! Measurement of variation in soil solute tracer concentration across a range of effective pore sizes %J Water Resources Res. %M VCR_10123829_172 %1 Harvey, J.W. 1993. Measurement of variation in soil solute tracer concentration across a range of effective pore sizes. Water Resources Res. 29(6):1831-1837. %0 Book Section %A Harvey, J. W. %A Chambers, R. M. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1988 %T Groundwater Transport Between Hill Slopes and Tidal Marshes %E Kusler, J. A. %B Proceedings of the National Wetlands Symposium: Wetlands Hydrology %C Berne, N.Y. %I Assoc. of State Wetland Managers %P 270-277 %! Groundwater Transport Between Hill Slopes and Tidal Marshes %M VCR_10123829_173 %1 Harvey, J.W., R.M. Chambers, W.E. Odum. 1988. Groundwater Transport Between Hill Slopes and Tidal Marshes. Proceedings of the National Wetlands Symposium: Wetlands Hydrology. J.A. Kusler (ed.), Assoc. of State Wetland Managers, Berne, N.Y. pp. 270-277. %0 Journal Article %A Harvey, J. W. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1990 %T The influence of tidal marshes on upland groundwater discharge to estuaries %B Biogeochemistry. %V 10 %P 217-236 %! The influence of tidal marshes on upland groundwater discharge to estuaries %J Biogeochemistry. %M VCR_10123829_174 %1 Harvey, J.W., W.E. Odum. 1990. The influence of tidal marshes on upland groundwater discharge to estuaries. Biogeochemistry. 10:217-236. %0 Journal Article %A Havens, K. E. %A Hauxwell, J. %A Tyler, A Christy. %A Thomas, S. %A McGlathery, Karen J. %A Cebrian, J. %A Valiela, I. %A Steinman, A. D. %A Hwang, S. J. %D 2001 %T Complex interactions between autotrophs in shallow marine and freshwater ecosystems: implications for community responses to nutrient stress %B Environmental Pollution %V 113 %N 1 %P 95-107 %! Complex interactions between autotrophs in shallow marine and freshwater ecosystems: implications for community responses to nutrient stress %J Environ. Pollut. %M ISI:000168227200011 %K algae; lakes; estuaries; nutrient dynamics; macroalgae; periphyton dissolved organic nitrogen; food-web structure; subtropical lake; waquoit bay; zostera-marina; photosynthetic responses; species composition; atmospheric inputs; plant-communities; periphytic algae %X The relative biomass of autotrophs (vascular plants, macroalgae, microphytobenthos, phytoplankton) in shallow aquatic ecosystems is thought to be controlled by nutrient inputs and underwater irradiance. Widely accepted conceptual models indicate that this is the case both in marine and freshwater systems. In this paper we examine four case studies and test whether these models generally apply. We also identify other complex interactions among the autotrophs that may influence ecosystem response to cultural eutrophication, The marine case studies focus on macroalgae and its interactions with sediments and vascular plants. The freshwater case studies focus on interactions between phytoplankton, epiphyton, and benthic microalgae. In Waquoit Bay, MA (estuary), controlled experiments documented that blooms of macroalgae were responsible for the loss of eelgrass beds at nutrient-enriched locations. Macroalgae covered eelgrass and reduced irradiance to the extent that the plants could not maintain net growth. In Hog Island Bay, VA (estuary), a dense lawn of macroalgae covered the bottom sediments. There was reduced sediment-water nitrogen exchange when the algae were actively growing and high nitrogen release during algal senescence. In Lakes Brobo (West Africa) and Okechobee (FL), there were dramatic seasonal changes in the biomass and phosphorus content of planktonic versus attached algae, and these changes were coupled with changes in water level and abiotic turbidity. Deeper water and/or greater turbidity favored dominance by phytoplankton. In Lake Brobo there also was evidence that phytoplankton growth was stimulated following a die-off of vascular plants. The ease studies from Waquoit Bay and Lake Okeechobee support conceptual models of succession from vascular plants to benthic algae to phytoplankton along gradients of increasing nutrients and decreasing underwater irradiance. The case studies from Hog Island Bay and Lake Brobo illustrate additional effects (modified sediment-water nutrient fluxes, allelopathy or nutrient release during plant senescence) that could Flay a role in ecosystem response to nutrient stress. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. %O Article 424HQ ENVIRON POLLUT %U ://000168227200011 %0 Book Section %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1990 %T Climate Change and Ecosystem Dynamics at the Virginia Coast Reserve 18,000 B.P. During the Last Century %B Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response %I S.E. For. Exp. Stat. Gen. Tech. Report %V SE-65 %P 76-84 %! Climate Change and Ecosystem Dynamics at the Virginia Coast Reserve 18,000 B.P. During the Last Century %M VCR_10123829_175 %1 Hayden, B. 1990. Climate Change and Ecosystem Dynamics at the Virginia Coast Reserve 18,000 B. P. During the Last Century, p. 76-84. In Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response. S.E. For. Exp. Stat. Gen. Tech. Report SE-65. %0 Book Section %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1994 %T Global biosphere data base requirements for GCMs %E Michener, W. K. %E Brunt, J. W. %E Stafford, S. G. %B Environmental Information management and Analysis %C London %I Taylor and Francis %P 263-276 %! Global biosphere data base requirements for GCMs %M VCR_10123829_177 %1 Hayden, B. P. 1994. Global biosphere data base requirements for GCMs. in Environmental Information management and Analysis by W. K. Michner, J. W. Brunt and S. G. Stafford Eds. 1994. Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 263-276. %0 Book Section %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1994 %T "Outsider" Overview of Biological Models %E Groffman, P. M. %E Likens, G. E. %B Integrated Regional Models: Interactions between humans and their environment %C New York %I Chapman Hall %P 13-34 %! "Outsider" Overview of Biological Models %M VCR_10123829_176 %1 Hayden, B. P. "Outsider" Overview of Biological Models. in Integrated Regional Models: Interactions between humans and their environment. by P. M. Groffman and G. E. Likens. 1994. Chapman Hall, N. Y. pp. 13-34. %0 Book Section %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1998 %T Regional Climate and the Distribution of Tallgrass Prairie %E Knapp, A. %E Briggs, J. %E Hartnett, D. %E S.Collins %B Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie %C New York %I Oxford University Press %P 19-34 %! Regional Climate and the Distribution of Tallgrass Prairie %M VCR_10123829_178 %1 Hayden, B. P. 1998. Regional Climate and the Distribution of Tallgrass Prairie. Pages 19-34 in A. Knapp, J. Briggs, D. Hartnett, and S.Collins. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Oxford University Press. NY. Notes: submitted by bhayden, Mon Jul 6 EDT 1998 :: %0 Journal Article %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1998 %T Ecosystem feedbacks on climate at the landscape scale %B Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences %V 353 %N 1365 %P 5-18 %8 Jan 29 %! Ecosystem feedbacks on climate at the landscape scale %J Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. %M ISI:000072198600002 %K vegetation; climate change; temperature maximum; temperature minimum; dew-point temperature %X Vegetation controls aspects of climate at all scales. These controls operate through fluxes of mass (water vapour, particulates, trace gases, condensation nuclei, and ice nuclei) and energy (latent and sensible heat, radiative exchanges, and momentum dissipation) between the biosphere and the atmosphere. The role these fluxes play in controlling minimum and maximum temperature, temperature range, rainfall, and precipitation processes are detailed. On the hemispheric scale, the importance of evapotranspiration, vegetation surface roughness, and vegetation albedo in the current generation of atmospheric general circulation models is reviewed. Finally, I assess at the planetary scale the global climate effects of biogenic emissions that are well mixed throughout the troposphere. I show that daily maximum and minimum temperatures are, in part, controlled by the emission of non-methane hydrocarbons and transpired water vapour. In many regions, a substantial fraction of the rainfall arises from upstream evapotranspiration rather than from oceanic evaporation. Biosphere evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and albedo are key controls in the general circulation of the atmosphere: climate models that lack adequate specifications for these biosphere attributes fail. The biosphere modulates climate at all scales. %O YY899 PHIL TRANS ROY SOC LONDON B %U ://000072198600002 %0 Book Section %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1999 %T Extratropical Storms: Past, Present and Future %E Adams, D. B. %B Proceedings of the Speciality Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources of the United States %P 93-97 %! Extratropical Storms: Past, Present and Future %M VCR_10123829_180 %1 Hayden, B.P. 1999. Extratroical Storms: Past, Present and Future. Pages 93-97 in D.B. Adams. Proceedings of the Speciality Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources of the United States. Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Wed Aug 18 EDT 1999 End_notes %0 Book Section %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1999 %T Climate Change Scenarios for the Tallgrass Prairie %E Knapp, A. K. %E Briggs, J. M. %E Hartnett, D. C. %E Collins, S. L. %B Grassland Dynamics: Long-term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie %C New York %I Oxford University Press %! Climate Change Scenarios for the Tallgrass Prairie %M VCR_10123829_183 %1 Hayden, B.P. in press. Climate, Climate Change and the Prairie. In Knapp, A. and J. Briggs. Konza Synthesis Volume. Keywords:airmasses, climate change, fronts, fauna and flora:: Abstract:The climate of the North American grasslands varies at continental, regional and local spatial scales and at millenial, century and contemporary temporal scales. Contemporary climate and climate change are delineated using the synoptic climatology of continental airmasses (1950-1962), cyclones (1885-1993), and anticyclones (1899-1990), regional patterns cold and warm fronts (1940-1970), and Kansas thunderstorms (1970-1985). The North American Prairie Peninsula is examined relative to a genetic classification of North American Climates. Correspondence between these classified natural cliamtic complexes and the geographic patterns of assemblages of flora and fauna illustrate the connections between climate and prairie ecosystems. :: Notes: submitted by bhayden, Fri May 30 EDT 1997 :: %X The climate of the North American grasslands varies at continental, regional and local spatial scales and at millenial, century and contemporary temporal scales. Contemporary climate and climate change are delineated using the synoptic climatology of continental airmasses (1950-1962), cyclones (1885-1993), and anticyclones (1899-1990), regional patterns cold and warm fronts (1940-1970), and Kansas thunderstorms (1970-1985). The North American Prairie Peninsula is examined relative to a genetic classification of North American Climates. Correspondence between these classified natural cliamtic complexes and the geographic patterns of assemblages of flora and fauna illustrate the connections between climate and prairie ecosystems. %0 Journal Article %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1999 %T Climate change and extratropical storminess in the United States: An assessment %B Journal of the American Water Resources Association %V 35 %N 6 %P 1387-1397 %8 Dec %! Climate change and extratropical storminess in the United States: An assessment %J J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. %M ISI:000084624600009 %K extratropical storms; meteorology; storms; climate change; general circulation models; and climatology coast %X Climate change due to enrichment of the atmosphere with carbon dioxide is projected to change the circulation of the atmosphere, increase its moisture content, warm the surface layers, and increase precipitation. Extratropical storms are the intermediate agent in mid-latitudes between changes in the circulation of the atmosphere and surface water resources. The climatology of extratropical storms for the period 1885-1996 is presented, and major changes in storminess are detected across much of North America. General Circulation Model (GCM) projections of storm frequency and storm track are found to have little in common with the observed pattern of storms and evidence no systematic changes in response to an enrichment of the atmosphere with carbon dioxide. %O Article 271ZB J AM WATER RESOUR ASSOC %U ://000084624600009 %0 Journal Article %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %A Callahan, J. T. %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1991 %T Long-term Research at the Virginia Coast Reserve: Modeling a Highly Dynamic Environment %B Bioscience %V 41 %P 310-318 %! Long-term Research at the Virginia Coast Reserve: Modeling a Highly Dynamic Environment %J Bioscience. %M VCR_10123829_184 %1 Hayden, B.P., R.D. Dueser, J.T. Callahan, H.H. Shugart. 1991. Long-term Research at the Virginia Coast Reserve: Modeling a Highly Dynamic Environment. Bioscience. 41:310-318. %0 Journal Article %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Hayden, J. A.M. %D 1994 %T The Land Must Change to Stay the Same %B Virginia Explorer %V 1994 %N Fall %P 2-7 %! The Land Must Change to Stay the Same %M VCR_10123829_181 %1 Hayden, B.P. and J.A.M. Hayden 1994. The Land Must Change to Stay the Same. Virginia Explorer. Fall 1994. pp. 2-7 %0 Book Section %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Hayden, Niels R. %D 2003 %T Decadal and Century-long Storminess Changes at Long Term Ecological Research Sites %E Greenland, David %E Goodin, Douglas G. %E Smith, Raymond C. %B Climate Variability and Ecosystem Climate Variability and Response at Long-Term Ecological Research Sites %C New York %I Oxford University Press %! Decadal and Century-long Storminess Changes at Long Term Ecological Research Sites %J CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND ECOSYSTEM CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND RESPONSE AT LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH SITES %M VCR_03203021459_01 %K CLIMATE VARIABILITY. STORMS EXTRATROPICAL CLIMATE CHANGE location:megasite core:Disturbance core:Cross-site and LTER Network %X Ecological disturbances at Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites are often the result of extreme meteorological events. Among the events of significance are tropical storms, including hurricanes, and extratropical cyclones. Extratropical storms are low-pressure systems of the middle and high latitudes with their attendant cold and warm fronts. These fronts are associated with strong, horizontal thermal gradients in surface temperatures, strong winds and a vigorous jet stream aloft. These storms and their attendant fronts generate most of the annual precipitation in the continental U.S. and provide the lifting mechanisms for thunderstorms which, on occasion, spawn tornadoes. Off the U.S. west and east coasts extratropical storms generate winds, wind waves, wind tides and long-shore currents that rework of coastal sediments, alter landscape morphology and change the regional patterns of coastal erosion and accretion (Dolan et al. 1988). While extratropical storms do not match hurricanes in either precipitation intensity or in the strength of the winds generated, they are much larger in size and more extensive geographic impact. On occasion extratropical storms will intensify at an extraordinary rate of 1 mb per hour for 24 hours or more. Such storms are classed as \"bomb\" and are comparable to hurricanes. Extratropical storms occur in all months of the year but are most frequent and more intense in winter when the north-south temperature contrast is large and dynamic support for storm intensification from the stronger jet stream aloft is great. In this chapter, we will explore the history of storminess at the LTER sites in the continental U.S. for which there is more than a century of data on these storms and their storm tracks is readily available. Specifically, we will look at the record of changes in storminess at both the regional and national scales. %0 Journal Article %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Santos, Marcio CFV. %A Shao, Guofan %A Kochel, R Craig. %D 1995 %T Geomorphological Controls on Coastal Vegetation at the Virginia-Coast-Reserve %B Geomorphology %V 13 %N 1-4 %P 283-300 %8 Sep %! Geomorphological Controls on Coastal Vegetation at the Virginia-Coast-Reserve %J Geomorphology %M ISI:A1995RW29500019 %K barrier-island; overwash; marsh %X The establishment and succession of vegetation on migrating, low-profile barrier islands is greatly affected by the physical hydrogeomorphological processes that regulate island topography, saline and fresh groundwater table surfaces. Apart from the physical destruction of plants by overwash processes, fluctuations in water table elevations and variations in groundwater salinity, both spatially and temporally, also appear to have significant impact on the nature and distribution of vegetation on these islands. Species composition, community structure and biodiversity on the Virginia barrier islands are controlled by the same processes that give rise to landforms and maintain their form. These processes include marine water inundations, groundwater salinity variations and changes in depth to the fresh-water table. Land surface elevation, landform morphology and position on the barrier island determine exposure to high tides, storm surges, sand burial, and the extent of the fresh-water reserves. In this article, the underpinnings of a Long-term Ecological Research Program in which 25 geologists, geomorphologists, climatologists, and ecologists have a common research plan is presented and several examples of the product of this research partnership dealing with geomorphological and hydrologic controls on vegetation dynamics are detailed. Among the aspects of ecological dynamics examined in terms of geomorphological processes are vegetation zonation, succession, disturbance, and ecosystem state change. %O Article RW295 GEOMORPHOLOGY %U ://A1995RW29500019 %0 Thesis %A Haywood, John %D in prep %T Effects of disturbance on high to low marsh transition %B Biology %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %9 MS thesis %! Effects of disturbance on high to low marsh transition %M VCR_20100824_015 %O (faculty advisor, Brinson) %0 Thesis %A Heitz, R. C. %D 1997 %T Suspended sediment transport in Phillips Creek Marsh: Brownsville, Virginia %C 1997 %I University of Virginia %P 33 %9 Distinguished Major Thesis %! Suspended sediment transport in Phillips Creek Marsh: Brownsville, Virginia %M VCR_10123829_187 %1 Heitz, R.C. 1997. Suspended sediment transport in Phillips Creek Marsh: Brownsville, Virginia. Distinguished Major Thesis, University of Virginia, 1997 pp. 33. Notes: submitted by pwiberg, Tue May 27 EDT 1997 :: %O submitted by pwiberg, Tue May 27 EDT 1997 %0 Book Section %A Henshaw, D. L. %A Stubbs, M. %A Benson, B. J. %A Baker, K. %A Blodgett, D. %A Porter, John H. %D 1998 %T Climate database project: a strategy for improving information access across research sites %E Michener, W. S. %E Porter, J. H. %E Stafford, S. %B Data and Information Management in the Ecological Sciences: A Resource Guide %C Albuquerque, New Mexico %I LTER Network Office %P 123-127 %! Climate database project: a strategy for improving information access across research sites %M VCR_10123829_188 %1 Henshaw, D.L. , M. Stubbs and B.J. Benson, K. Baker, D. Blodgett and J.H. Porter. 1998. Climate database project: a strategy for improving information access across research sites. Pages 123-127 in W.S. Michener, J.H. Porter and S. Stafford. Data and Information Management in the Ecological Sciences: A Resource Guide. LTER Network Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico . Keywords=climate, databases, information End_keywords Abstract=To facilitate intersite research among the network of Long-Term Ecological Research sites, information managers are exploring strategies for linking individual site information systems. A prototype to provide climatic summaries dynamically has been developed and serves as one model for improving access to data across sites. Individual sites maintain local climate data in local information systems while a centralized site continually updates and provides access to all sites' data through a common database. Common distribution report formats have been established to meet specific needs of climate data users. End_abstract Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Fri Jun 11 EDT 1999 End_notes %K climate databases information %X To facilitate intersite research among the network of Long-Term Ecological Research sites, information managers are exploring strategies for linking individual site information systems. A prototype to provide climatic summaries dynamically has been developed and serves as one model for improving access to data across sites. Individual sites maintain local climate data in local information systems while a centralized site continually updates and provides access to all sites' data through a common database. Common distribution report formats have been established to meet specific needs of climate data users. %0 Conference Proceedings %A Herman, J. S. %A Mills, A. L. %A Hornberger, G. M. %A Sofranko, A. C. %A Olson, M. S. %D 2008 %T Quantifying nitrate flux during storm events %B American Society of Civil Engineers, World Environmental and Water Resouces Congress, May 12-16, 2008 %C Honolulu, Hawaii %! Quantifying nitrate flux during storm events %M VCR090611_002 %0 Thesis %A Heyel, Susan %D 2002 %T Long-term residual effects of a nutrient addition on a barrier island dune ecosystem %C Norfolk, VA %I Old Dominion University %9 MS Thesis %! Long-term residual effects of a nutrient addition on a barrier island dune ecosystem %M VCR_1022460_18 %1 Heyel, S. 2002. Long-term residual effects of a nutrient addition on a barrier island dune ecosystem. MS Thesis. Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA. pp. Keywords= , island , nutrcyc , orgmat , thesis End_keywords NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by fday@odu.edu, Wed Aug 14 EDT 2002 End_notes %O submitted by fday@odu.edu, Wed Aug 14 EDT 2002 %0 Journal Article %A Heyel, Susan %A Day, Frank P. %D 2006 %T Long-term residual effects of nitrogen addition on a barrier island dune ecosystem. %B Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society %V 133 %P 297-303 %! Long-term residual effects of nitrogen addition on a barrier island dune ecosystem. %J Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society %M VCR_06303085337_01 %K location:island core:Primary Productivity core:Nutrient Cycling core:Organic Matter %O submitted by fday@odu.edu on Tue, 31 Oct 2006 08:53:37 -0500 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Thesis %A Hmieleski, Joseph %D 1994 %T Position of the Brackish Marsh-Upland Transition as a Function of Elevation and Slope at the Virginia Coast Reserve, LTER %B Dept. of Biology %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %9 MS thesis %! Position of the Brackish Marsh-Upland Transition as a Function of Elevation and Slope at the Virginia Coast Reserve, LTER %M VCR_10123829_189 %1 Hmieleski, J. I. 1994. Position of the Brackish Marsh-Upland Transition as a Function of Elevation and Slope at the Virginia Coast Reserve, LTER. MS thesis. East Carolina University, Greenville, N.C. %0 Journal Article %A Hoelscher, J. R. %A Nuttle, W. K. %A Harvey, J. W. %D 1993 %T Comment on "Calibration and use of pressure transducers in soil hydrology." %B Hydrol. Proc. %V 7 %P 205-211 %! Comment on "Calibration and use of pressure transducers in soil hydrology." %J Hydrol. Proc. %M VCR_10123829_190 %1 Hoelscher, J.R., W.K. Nuttle and J.W. Harvey 1993. Comment on "Calibration and use of pressure transducers in soil hydrology." Hydrol. Proc.7:205-211. %0 Book Section %A Horn, H. S. %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Urban, D. L. %D 1989 %T Simulators as Models of Forest Dynamics %E Roughgarden, J. %E May, R. M. %E Levin, S. I. %B Perspectives in Ecological Theory %C Princeton, N.J. %I Princeton University Press %! Simulators as Models of Forest Dynamics %M VCR_10123829_191 %1 Horn, H.S., H.H. Shugart, D.L. Urban.1989. Simulators as Models of Forest Dynamics. p. 256-267. In J. Roughgarden, R.M. May, S.I. Levin (eds.), Perspectives in Ecological Theory. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. %0 Journal Article %A Howarth, R. %A Anderson, D. %A Cloern, J. %A Elfring, C. %A Hopkinson, C. %A Lapointe, B. %A Malone, T. %A Marcus, N. %A McGlathery, Karen J. %A Sharpley, A. %A Walker, D. %D 2000 %T Nutrient Pollution of Coastal Rivers, Bays and Seas %B Ecological Issues %V 7 %P 2-15 %! Nutrient Pollution of Coastal Rivers, Bays and Seas %M VCR_10123829_22 %1 Howarth, R., D. Anderson, J. Cloern, C. Elfring, C. Hopkinson, B. Lapointe, T. Malone, N. Marcus, K. McGlathery, A. Sharpley, and D. Walker. 2000. Nutrient Pollution of Coastal Rivers, Bays and Seas. Pages in . Ecological Issues. Keywords=nitrogen, macroalgae, lagoon, microalgae, phytoplankton, metabolism, autotrophic, heterotrophic End_keywords Notes= submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu, Thu Apr 12 EDT 2001 End_notes %0 Thesis %A Hume, Andrew C. %D 2008 %T Dissolved oxygen fluxes and ecosystem metabolism in an eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadow measured with the novel eddy correlation technique %B Department of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 153 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Dissolved oxygen fluxes and ecosystem metabolism in an eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadow measured with the novel eddy correlation technique %M VCR20090527003 %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/Hume2008.pdf %0 Thesis %A Hussey, B. %D 1989 %T Evapotranspiration from Vegetated Marsh Surfaces %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %9 MS Thesis %! Evapotranspiration from Vegetated Marsh Surfaces %M VCR_10123829_192 %1 Hussey, B. 1989. Evapotranspiration from Vegetated Marsh Surfaces. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Hussey, B. H. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1992 %T Evapotranspiration in tidal marshes %B Estuaries %V 15 %N 1 %P 59-67 %! Evapotranspiration in tidal marshes %J Estuaries %M VCR_10123829_193 %1 Hussey, B. H. and W.E. Odum 1992. Evapotranspiration in tidal marshes. Estuaries 15(1):59-67. %0 Thesis %A Hutton, John W. %D 2001 %T The effect of nitrogen fertilization on short-term fine root dynamics in a barrier island dune community %C Norfolk, VA %I Old Dominion University %9 M.S. Thesis %! The effect of nitrogen fertilization on short-term fine root dynamics in a barrier island dune community %M VCR_10123829_213 %1 Hutton, John. 2001. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on short-term fine root dynamics in a barrier island dune community. Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA pp. Notes= submitted by fday@odu.edu, Wed Jul 25 EDT 2001 End_notes %0 Journal Article %A Inman, D. L. %A Dolan, Robert %D 1989 %T The Outer Banks of North Carolina: Budget of Sediment and Inlet Dynamics Along a Migrating Barrier System %B J. Coastal Res. %V 5 %P 193-237 %! The Outer Banks of North Carolina: Budget of Sediment and Inlet Dynamics Along a Migrating Barrier System %J J. Coastal Res. %M VCR_10123829_194 %1 Inman, D.L., R. Dolan. 1989. The Outer Banks of North Carolina: Budget of Sediment and Inlet Dynamics Along a Migrating Barrier System. J. Coastal Res. 5:193-237. %0 Journal Article %A Jiménez, J. E. %A Conover, M. R. %A Dueser, R. D. %A Messmer, T. A. %D 2007 %T Influence of habitat patch characteristics on the success of upland duck nests. %B Human-Wildlife Conflicts %V 1 %N 2 %P 244-256 %! Influence of habitat patch characteristics on the success of upland duck nests. %M VCR20070928_01 %0 Journal Article %A Johnson, J.C. %A Christian, R.R. %A Brunt, J.W. %A Hickman, C.R. %A Waide, R.B. %D in press %T Evolution of Collaboration within the US Long-term Ecological Research Network %B Bioscience %! Evolution of Collaboration within the US Long-term Ecological Research Network %M VCR_20100825_001 %0 Journal Article %A Johnson, J. R. %A Young, Donald R. %D 1993 %T Factors contributing to the decline of Pinus taeda on a Virginia barrier island %B Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club %V 120 %P 431-438 %! Factors contributing to the decline of Pinus taeda on a Virginia barrier island %J Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club %M VCR_10123829_195 %1 Johnson, J.R. and D.R. Young. 1993. Factors contributing to the decline of Pinus taeda on a Virginia barrier island. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 120:431-438. Notes= submitted by dyoung@felix.vcu.edu, Wed Nov 29 EST 1995 End_notes %O submitted by dyoung@felix.vcu.edu, Wed Nov 29 EST 1995 %0 Journal Article %A Johnson, S. R. %D 1991 %T The Occurrence of State Rare Species on Hog Island in the Virginia Coast Reserve %B Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. %V 118 %P 326-328 %! The Occurrence of State Rare Species on Hog Island in the Virginia Coast Reserve %J Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. %M VCR_10123829_197 %1 Johnson, S.R. 1991. The Occurrence of State Rare Species on Hog Island in the Virginia Coast Reserve. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 118:326-328. %0 Journal Article %A Johnson, S.R %A Young, Donald R. %D 1992 %T Variation in tree ring width in relation to storm activity for mid-Atlantic barrier island populations of Pinus taeda %B J. Coastal Research %V 8 %P 99-104 %! Variation in tree ring width in relation to storm activity for mid-Atlantic barrier island populations of Pinus taeda %J J. Coastal Research %M VCR_10123829_196 %1 Johnson, S.R and D.R. Young 1992. Variation in tree ring width in relation to storm activity for mid-Atlantic barrier island populations of Pinus taeda. J. Coastal Research 8: 99-104. %0 Thesis %A Joy, Deirdre A. %D 1996 %T Juniperus virginiana: nurse plant for woody seedlings on a Virginia barrier island %B Dept. of Biology %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 M.S. Thesis %! Juniperus virginiana: nurse plant for woody seedlings on a Virginia barrier island %M VCR_10123829_198 %1 Joy, D.A. 1996. Juniperus virginiana: nurse plant for woody seedlings on a Virginia barrier island. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA pp. Keywords:facilitation, Junierpus virginiana, eastern red cedar, succession, barrier island:: Notes: submitted by dyoung, Thu Jun 5 EDT 1997 :: %K facilitation Junierpus virginiana eastern red cedar succession barrier island %0 Journal Article %A Joy, Deirdre A. %A Young, Donald R. %D 2002 %T Promotion of mid-successional seedling recruitment and establishment by Juniperus virginiana in a coastal environment %B Plant Ecology %V 160 %N 2 %P 125-135 %8 Jun %! Promotion of mid-successional seedling recruitment and establishment by Juniperus virginiana in a coastal environment %J Plant Ecol. %M ISI:000176226300001 %K Barrier Island; Bird Dispersal; Facilitation; Juniperus virginiana; succession small-scale distribution; barrier-island; positive interactions; interspecific interactions; plant-communities; isolated trees; nurse plants; woody-plants; vegetation; forest %X Positive interactions between Juniperus virginiana and woody seedlings may influence trends in primary succession along the Atlantic Coast of eastern North America. Woody species richness was greater beneath isolated J. virginiana trees than in more exposed, grass-covered dune sites on a Virginia, USA barrier island. Fleshy fruited seeds were more abundant in the seed bank beneath J. virginiana than in adjacent exposed sites, suggesting that J. virginiana may be utilized by passerine birds. Photosynthetically active radiation was reduced below J. virginiana, and soil temperature fluctuations were moderated during the growing season. In addition, moisture content, organic matter, and chlorides were higher for soils under J. virginiana than in exposed sites. For planted Prunus serotina and Sassafras albidum seedlings, mortality was lower beneath J. virginiana as compared with the exposed treatment; however, no S. albidum seedlings survived beyond mid-August. The effect of J. virginiana on the recruitment and distribution of mid- successional woody seedlings in coastal environments may be passive, through the non-random distribution of fleshy seeds by perching birds, or active, through increased seedling survival due to J. virginiana initiated alterations in microclimate and edaphic factors. %O Article 562YJ PLANT ECOL %U ://000176226300001 %0 Book Section %A Joye, S. B. %A Anderson, I. C. %D 2008 %T Nitrogen cycling in Estuarine and Nearshore Sediments %E Capone, D. %E Bronk, D. %E Carpenter, E. %E Mjulholland, M. %B Nitrogen in the Marine Environment %I Springer Verlag %! Nitrogen cycling in Estuarine and Nearshore Sediments %J Nitrogen in the Marine Environment %M VCR20080912_004 %K nitrogen denitrification nitrification anammox mineralization benthic micro algae DNRA sediment core:Nutrient Cycling %X Nitrogen (N) availability is frequently cited as the factor limiting primary production in marine systems over annual time scales (Capone and Kiene, 1988; Ryther and Dunstan, 1971; Vitousek and Howarth, 1991) though phosphorus (P), silica (Si) limitation or co-limitation by N, P, and/or Si sometimes occur on seasonal time scales (Conley et al., 1993; Malone et al., 1996; Officer and Ryther, 1980). In offshore waters, the presence of bioavailable iron can also regulate primary productivity, particularly that by diatoms (Coale et al., 1996; Hutchins and Bruland, 1998; Martin et al., 1994). Sediment N pools reflect a balance between inputs (external or internal) and outputs (sedimentation, denitrification (DNF), long-term burial, or export), and this balance is affected by a variety of environmental and physiological factors ( Joye, 2002). Within the sediment, N is cycled primarily by microbiallymediated redox reactions between more highly oxidized forms (nitrate, NO3, or nitrite, NO2) and more reduced forms (ammonium, NH4ţ, amino acids, or organic nitrogen compounds). Gaseous products of these redox reactions may include dinitrogen, N2, nitric oxide,NO, and nitrous oxide,N2O.One characteristic of the sediment Ncycle is the coupling between aerobic and anaerobic processes. Another characteristic is that for a given species, e.g., NO3, several competing pathways and potential fates may exist. In this chapter, we review the factors regulating sediment N cycling, both in the bulk sediment environment and on a process level. %O submitted by iris@vims.edu on Mon, 14 Jul 2008 14:25:57 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Thesis %A Kastler, J. A. %D 1993 %T Sedimentation and landscape evolution of Virginia salt marshes %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %9 MS thesis %! Sedimentation and landscape evolution of Virginia salt marshes %M VCR_10123829_200 %1 Kastler, J.A. 1993. Sedimentation and landscape evolution of Virginia salt marshes. MS thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A kastler, J. A. %A Wiberg, Patricia L. %D 1996 %T Sedimentation and boundary change in Virginia salt marshes %B Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science %V 42 %P 683-700 %! Sedimentation and boundary change in Virginia salt marshes %M VCR090723_001 %K Marsh, erosion, accretion %0 Thesis %A Kathilankal, James C. %D 2008 %T Carbon and Energy Flow Dynamics in a Coastal Salt Marsh %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 194 %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Carbon and Energy Flow Dynamics in a Coastal Salt Marsh %M VCR20080815_001 %K Flux Tower; Marsh %X This dissertation is based on measurements from a flux tower system utilizing eddy covariance methodology and other micrometeorological sensors during the period from May 2007 to December 2007 at the eastern shore of Virginia, USA over an intertidal salt marsh. Leaf level physiology measurements were undertaken to relate leaf-level exchange processes to ecosystem level. The particular physiology of Spartina alterniflora with a decreased phospho-enol pyruvate (PEP) carboxylase activity and low light saturation capacity and its implications on ecosystem level exchange processes are identified. Spartina alterniflora dominated intertidal salt marshes are moderate sinks for carbon fixing about 8-10 ěmol m-2 s-2 of carbon dioxide during the active growth stage, but become source of carbon dioxide during the inactive or winter months. Tidal activity has a major role in modulating the partitioning of available energy and net ecosystem exchange. The decreased assimilation rates observed under submerged conditions can be interpreted as a possible response of inter-tidal salt marshes to sea level rise as the hydro-period over a marsh increases. Land-sea breeze systems operating in intertidal coastal zones can advect moisture from the ocean surface and ecosystem level flux measurements should be interpreted by considering the advective processes in the interpretation of available energy partitioning. A biophysical model incorporating the C4 photosynthetic pathway and incorporating the theories of turbulent transport relating source strength to concentration profile have been developed as a tool for accessing ecosystem response to climate forcings. %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/Kathilankal2008/kathilankal_james_c_2008.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Kathilankal, James C. %A Mozdzer, Thomas %A Fuentes, Jose D %A D’Odorico, Paolo %A McGlathery, Karen J. %A Zieman, Jay C. %D 2008 %T Tidal influences on carbon assimilation by a salt marsh %B Geophysical Research Letters %V 3 %N 4 %P 044010 %! Tidal influences on carbon assimilation by a salt marsh %J Geophysical Research Letters %M VCR_08188020452_01 %K core:Primary Productivity %X The processes influencing ecosystem-level carbon exchange (NEE) between a salt marsh in the eastern shore of Virginia and the atmosphere were investigated for the 2004 growing season. Impacts of tidal inundation on the marsh NEE were quantified using eddy covariance measurements. The salt marsh was dominated by smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) whose height and leaf area were 62.21.9 cm and 2.20.3, respectively. Maximum daytime NEE amounted to -10 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 in July and August. For the 2004 growing season, the marsh consumed 130 gC m-2. Tidal activity flooded the marsh and caused reductions in NEE, ranging from 3-91% compared to non-flooded conditions and with an average of 46±26%. %O submitted by jf6s@virginia.edu on Mon, 07 Jul 2008 14:04:52 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %U http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1748-9326/3/4/044010/erl8_4_044010.pdf %0 Thesis %A Keiss, O. %D 2001 %T Mammalian predator distribution and abundance on the Virginia barrier islands in relation to breeding habitats of colonial birds %I Utah State University, Logan, UT %P 88 %! Mammalian predator distribution and abundance on the Virginia barrier islands in relation to breeding habitats of colonial birds %M VCR_1022460_8 %1 Keiss, O. 2001. Mammalian predator distribution and abundance on the Virginia barrier islands in relation to breeding habitats of colonial birds. Utah State University, Logan, UT pp. 88. Keywords= , island , megasite , data , thesis End_keywords NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by moncrief@mail.evsc.virginia.edu, Thu Jul 18 EDT 2002 End_notes %K island , megasite , data , thesis %O submitted by moncrief@mail.evsc.virginia.edu, Thu Jul 18 EDT 2002 %0 Thesis %A Keusenkothen, Mark A. %D 2002 %T The effects of deer trampling in a salt marsh %B Biology %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %9 M.S. %! The effects of deer trampling in a salt marsh %M VCR_200212310004 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Keusenkothen, Mark A. %D 2004 %T Responses of salt marshes to disturbance in an ecomorphological context, with a case study of trampling by deer %E Fagherazzi, S. %E Marani, M. %E Blum, L. K. %B Ecomorphology of Tidal Marshes. %I American Geophysical Union, Coastal and Estuarine Monograph Series Vol. 59. %P 203-230 %! Responses of salt marshes to disturbance in an ecomorphological context, with a case study of trampling by deer. %J Ecomorphology of Tidal Marshes. %M VCR_05208095104_01 %K disturbance; wetlands; location:mainland; core:Disturbance; core:Synthesis %O submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu on Thu, 28 Jul 2005 09:51:04 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Thesis %A Kirwan, J. L. %D 1997 %T Is beach (Fagus grandifolia) and indicator of long-term fire history on the Delmarva Peninsula %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 Ph.D. Dissertation %! Is beach (Fagus grandifolia) and indicator of long-term fire history on the Delmarva Peninsula %M VCR_10123829_201 %1 Kirwan, J.L. 1997. Is beach (Fagus grandifolia) and indicator of long-term fire history on the Delmarva Peninsula. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. Advisor: H. Shugart. %0 Journal Article %A Kirwan, J. L. %A Shugart, Herman H. %D 2000 %T Vegetation and two indices of fire on the Delmarva Peninsula %B Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society %V 127 %P 44-50 %! Vegetation and two indices of fire on the Delmarva Peninsula %M VCR_200012310001 %0 Journal Article %A Kirwan, M.L. %A Blum, Linda K. %D in review %T Enhanced decomposition offsets enhanced productivity and soil carbon accumulation in coastal wetlands responding to climate change %B Science %! Enhanced decomposition offsets enhanced productivity and soil carbon accumulation in coastal wetlands responding to climate change %M VCR_20100901_010 %0 Journal Article %A Knapp, A. K. %A Briggs, J. M. %A Collins, S. L. %A Archer, S. R. %A Bret-Harte, M. S. %A Ewers, B. E. %A Peters, D. P. %A Young, D. R. %A Shaver, G. R. %A Pendall, E. %A Cleary, M. B. %D 2008 %T Shrub encroachment in North American grasslands: shifts in growth form dominance rapidly alters control of ecosystem carbon inputs %B Global Change Biology %V 14 %N 3 %P 615-623 %8 Mar %! Shrub encroachment in North American grasslands: shifts in growth form dominance rapidly alters control of ecosystem carbon inputs %M VCR20080702_13 %K aboveground net primary production; carbon; climate change; grasslands; growth form; LAI; MAP; shrublands leaf-area index; aboveground primary production; woody plant encroachment; net primary productivity; land-use; temporal dynamics; chihuahuan desert; mesic grassland; nitrogen pools; united-states %X Shrub encroachment into grass-dominated biomes is occurring globally due to a variety of anthropogenic activities, but the consequences for carbon (C) inputs, storage and cycling remain unclear. We studied eight North American graminoid-dominated ecosystems invaded by shrubs, from arctic tundra to Atlantic coastal dunes, to quantify patterns and controls of C inputs via aboveground net primary production (ANPP). Across a fourfold range in mean annual precipitation (MAP), a key regulator of ecosystem C input at the continental scale, shrub invasion decreased ANPP in xeric sites, but dramatically increased ANPP (> 1000 g m(-2)) at high MAP, where shrub patches maintained extraordinarily high leaf area. Concurrently, the relationship between MAP and ANPP shifted from being nonlinear in grasslands to linear in shrublands. Thus, relatively abrupt (< 50 years) shifts in growth form dominance, without changes in resource quantity, can fundamentally alter continental-scale pattern of C inputs and their control by MAP in ways that exceed the direct effects of climate change alone. %U ://000252929900014 %0 Thesis %A Knapp, E. %D 1997 %T The influence of redox conditions on sorption to aquifer sediments: transport of reactive solutes in groundwater %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! The influence of redox conditions on sorption to aquifer sediments: transport of reactive solutes in groundwater %M VCR_10123829_203 %1 Knapp, E. P. 1997. The influence of redox conditions on sorption to aquifer sediments: transport of reactive solutes in groundwater. Ph.D Dissertation. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. %0 Journal Article %A Knapp, E. P. %A Herman, J. S. %A Mills, Aaron L. %A Hornberger, G. M. %D 2002 %T Changes in the sorption capacity of Coastal Plain sediments due to redox alteration of mineral surfaces %B Applied Geochemistry %V 17 %N 4 %P 387-398 %8 Apr %! Changes in the sorption capacity of Coastal Plain sediments due to redox alteration of mineral surfaces %J Appl. Geochem. %M ISI:000174268400004 %K contaminated aquifer; iron-oxides; groundwater chemistry; extraction techniques; gravel aquifer; cape-cod; adsorption; soils; sand; aluminum %X Chemical characteristics of grain coatings in a Coastal Plain sandy aquifer on the Eastern Shore of Virginia were investigated where sediments have been exposed to distinct groundwater redox conditions. Dissolved O-2 was 5.0 to 10.6 mg L-1 in the regionally extensive aerobic groundwater, whereas in a narrow leachate plume it was only < 0.001 to 0.9 mg L-1. The amount of dissolved Fe in the aerobic groundwater was only 0.005 to 0.01 mg L-1, but it was 12 to 47 mg L-1 in the anaerobic zone. The amount of extractable Fe was an order of magnitude higher for the aerobic sediments than for the anaerobic sediments indicating that reductive dissolution removed the oxide coatings. The capacity for anion sorption on the sediment surfaces, as indicated by the sorption of (SO42- .)-S-35 was an order of magnitude higher in the aerobic vs. anaerobic sediments. The presence of anaerobic groundwater did not significantly alter the amount of extractable Al oxides on the surface of the sediments, and those coatings helped to maintain a high surface area. The removal of the Fe oxides from the grain surfaces under anaerobic conditions was solely responsible for the significant reduction of SO4- sorption observed. This loss of capacity for anion sorption could lead to more extensive transport of negatively charged constituents such as some contaminant chemicals or bacteria that may be of concern in groundwater. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. %O 528WW APPL GEOCHEM %U ://000174268400004 %0 Thesis %A Knoff, Amanda J. %D 1999 %T Stable isotope analysis of intrapopulation, spatial, and temporal variation of Laughing Gull (Larus atricilla) diets in the Virginia Coast Reserve and Jamaica Bay, NY %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 M.S. Thesis %! Stable isotope analysis of intrapopulation, spatial, and temporal variation of Laughing Gull (Larus atricilla) diets in the Virginia Coast Reserve and Jamaica Bay, NY %M VCR_10123829_205 %1 Knoff, A.J. 1999. Stable isotope analysis of intrapopulation, spatial, and temporal variation of Laughing Gull (Larus atricilla) diets in the Virginia Coast Reserve and Jamaica Bay, NY. Master\'s thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA pp. Notes= submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Wed Jan 12 EST 2000 End_notes %O submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Wed Jan 12 EST 2000 %0 Journal Article %A Knoff, Amanda J. %A Macko, Stephen %A Erwin, R Michael. %D 2001 %T Diets of nesting Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla) at the Virginia Coast Reserve: Observations from stable isotope analysis %B Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies %V 37 %P 67-88 %! Diets of nesting Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla) at the Virginia Coast Reserve: Observations from stable isotope analysis %J Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies %M VCR_10123829_206 %1 Knoff, A.J., S.A. Macko and R.M. Erwin. 2001. Diets of nesting Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla) at the Virginia Coast Reserve: Observations from stable isotope analysis. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 37:67-88. Keywords=carbon 13, diet, Larus atricilla, Laughing Gull, natural variations, nitrogen 15, sulfur 34 End_keywords Notes= submitted by ajk4z@virginia.edu, Tue May 22 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by ajk4z@virginia.edu, Tue May 22 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Knoff, Amanda J. %A Macko, Stephen %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Brown, K. M. %D 2002 %T Stable isotope analysis of temporal variation in the diets of pre-fledged Laughing Gulls %B Waterbirds %V 25 %P 142-148 %! Stable isotope analysis of temporal variation in the diets of pre-fledged Laughing Gulls %J Waterbirds %M VCR_1022460_16 %1 Knoff, A.J., S.A. Macko, R.M. Erwin, and K.M. Brown. 2002. Stable isotope analysis of temporal variation in the diets of pre-fledged Laughing Gulls. Waterbirds 25:142-148. Keywords=Laughing Gull, Larus atricilla, diet variation, stable isotopes , island , lagoon , megasite , trophstr , xsite , journal End_keywords NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Tue Aug 13 EDT 2002 End_notes %O submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Tue Aug 13 EDT 2002 %0 Journal Article %A Kochel, R. C. %A Wampfler, L. A. %D 1989 %T Relative Role of Overwash and Aeolian Processes on Washover Fans, Assateague Island, Virginia-Maryland %B J. Coastal Res. %V 5 %P 453-475 %! Relative Role of Overwash and Aeolian Processes on Washover Fans, Assateague Island, Virginia-Maryland %J J. Coastal Res. %M VCR_10123829_214 %1 Kochel, R.C., L.A. Wampfler. 1989. Relative Role of Overwash and Aeolian Processes on Washover Fans, Assateague Island, Virginia-Maryland. J. Coastal Res. 5:453-475. %0 Journal Article %A Kopacek, J. %A Stuchlik, E. %A Vesely, J. %A Schaumburg, J. %A Anderson, Iris %A Fott, J. %A Hejzlar, J. %A Vrba, J. %D 2002 %T Hysteresis in reversal of Central European mountain lakes from atmospheric acidification %B Water, Air, and Soil Pollution %V 2 %N 2 %P 91-114 %! Hysteresis in reversal of Central European mountain lakes from atmospheric acidification %M VCR_10123829_24 %1 Kopacek, J., E. Stuchlik, J. Vesely, J. Schaumburg, I.C. Anderson, J. Fott, J. Hejzlar, and J. Vrba. in press. Hysteresis in reversal of Central European mountain lakes from atmospheric acidification. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Notes= submitted by iris@vims.edu, Thu Aug 2 EDT 2001 End_notes %0 Thesis %A Kowalski, K. A. %D 1993 %T Influence of stratigraphy and bathymetry on erosion rates, Virginia Barrier Islands %C Lewisberg, PA %I Bucknell University %P 453-475 %9 Undergraduate thesis %! Influence of stratigraphy and bathymetry on erosion rates, Virginia Barrier Islands %M VCR_10123829_215 %1 Kowalski, K.A. 1993. Influence of stratigraphy and bathymetry on erosion rates, Virginia Barrier Islands.Undergraduate thesis. Bucknell University, Lewisberg, PA. %0 Journal Article %A Kroes, D. %A Brinson, Mark M. %D 2004 %T Occurrence of riverine wetlands on floodplains along a climatic gradient %B Wetlands %V 24 %P 167-177 %! Occurrence of riverine wetlands on floodplains along a climatic gradient %J Wetlands %M VCR_04228082703_01 %K riverine wetlands climatic gradient floodplains riparian zones location:megasite core:Model %O submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu on Mon, 16 Aug 2004 08:27:03 -0400 %0 Journal Article %A Ksiazek, K. %A McGlathery, K. %A Reynolds, L. %A Schwarzschild, A. %A Wilkerson, C. %A Carruthers, T.J.B. %D 2009 %T Learning about Coastal Trends: what is the story with seagrasses... and how does it affect me? %B Science Activities %V 46 %N 3 %P 27-31 %! Learning about Coastal Trends: what is the story with seagrasses... and how does it affect me? %M VCR20090729_006 %K Education %0 Thesis %A Lagera, L. %D 1988 %T The Role of Macrophyte Decomposition in the Depletion of Oxygen and Sequestering of Nutrients in the Lower Chesapeake Bay %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 453-475 %9 PH.D. Thesis %! The Role of Macrophyte Decomposition in the Depletion of Oxygen and Sequestering of Nutrients in the Lower Chesapeake Bay %M VCR_10123829_216 %1 Lagera, L. 1988. The Role of Macrophyte Decomposition in the Depletion of Oxygen and Sequestering of Nutrients in the Lower Chesapeake Bay. PH.D. Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Lakshmi, B. %A Day, Frank P. %D 1993 %T Nitrogen availability along a community chronosequence on Hog Island, a VCR LTER site %B Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %V 74 %N 2 %P 321 %! Nitrogen availability along a community chronosequence on Hog Island, a VCR LTER site %J Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %M VCR_10123829_217 %1 Lakshmi, B. and F.P. Day 1993. Nitrogen availability along a community chronosequence on Hog Island, a VCR LTER site. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 74(2):321. %0 Thesis %A Lancaster, L. %D 1999 %T Relationship of physical chemical parameters to patterns of sole carbon source utilization in ground water bacterial communities %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 321 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Relationship of physical chemical parameters to patterns of sole carbon source utilization in ground water bacterial communities %M VCR_10123829_218 %1 Lancaster, L. 1999. Relationship of physical chemical parameters to patterns of sole carbon source utilization in ground water bacterial communities. M.S. Thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. %0 Thesis %A Larson, B. %D 1990 %T Habitat Utilization, Population Dynamics and Long Term Visiblity in an Insular Population of Delmarva Fox Squirrels (Scirus nigercinereus) %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 321 %9 MS Thesis %! Habitat Utilization, Population Dynamics and Long Term Visiblity in an Insular Population of Delmarva Fox Squirrels (Scirus nigercinereus) %M VCR_10123829_219 %1 Larson, B. 1990. Habitat Utilization, Population Dynamics and Long Term Visiblity in an Insular Population of Delmarva Fox Squirrels (Scirus nigercinereus). MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Lauenroth, W. K. %A Urban, D. L. %A Coffin, D. P. %A Parton, W. J. %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Smith, T. M. %D 1993 %T Modeling vegetation structure-ecosystem process interactions across sites and biomes %B Ecological Modeling %V 67 %P 49-80 %! Modeling vegetation structure-ecosystem process interactions across sites and biomes %J Ecological Modeling %M VCR_10123829_220 %1 Lauenroth, W.K., D.L. Urban, D.P. Coffin, W.J. Parton, H H. Shugart, T.B. Kirchner and T.M. Smith. 1993. Modeling vegetation structure-ecosystem process interactions across sites and biomes. Ecological Modeling 67:49-80. %0 Thesis %A Lawson, Sarah %D 2004 %T Sediment suspension as a control on light availability in a temperate coastal lagoon %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 119 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Sediment suspension as a control on light availability in a temperate coastal lagoon %M VCR_04225013829_01 %K lagoon sediment resuspension eelgrass light location:lagoon core:Primary Productivity core:Disturbance core:Model %O submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu on Fri, 13 Aug 2004 13:38:29 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Thesis %A Lawson, Sarah E. %D 2008 %T Physical and biological controls on sediment and nutrient fluxes in a temperate lagoon %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 178 %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Physical and biological controls on sediment and nutrient fluxes in a temperate lagoon %M VCR20090527002 %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/Lawson2008.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Lawson, S.E. %A Wiberg, P.L. %A McGlathery, K.J. %A Fugate, D.C. %D 2007 %T Wind-driven sediment suspension controls light availability in a shallow coastal lagoon %B Estuaries and Coasts %V 30 %N 1 %P 102-112 %! Wind-driven sediment suspension controls light availability in a shallow coastal lagoon %M VCR_05217124120_01 %K location:lagoon core:Primary Productivity; core:Disturbance %0 Thesis %A Layman, Craig A. %D 1999 %T Fish Assemblages in Shallow Water Habitats on the Eastern Shore of Virginia Barrier Islands %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 M.S. Thesis %! Fish Assemblages in Shallow Water Habitats on the Eastern Shore of Virginia Barrier Islands %M VCR_10123829_25 %1 Layman, Craig. 1999. Fish Assemblages in Shallow Water Habitats on the Eastern Shore of Virginia Barrier Islands. M.S. Thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. Advisor: D.E. Smith pp. Keywords=Mainland,Lagoon,Trophic End_keywords Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Thu Jan 13 EST 2000 End_notes %O submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Thu Jan 13 EST 2000 %0 Journal Article %A Layman, Craig A. %D 2000 %T Fish Assemblage Structure of the Shallow Ocean Surf-Zone on the Eastern Shore of Virginia Barrier Islands %B Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science %V 51 %P 210 %! Fish Assemblage Structure of the Shallow Ocean Surf-Zone on the Eastern Shore of Virginia Barrier Islands %J Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science %M VCR_1022460_2 %1 Layman, C. A. 2000. Fish Assemblage Structure of the Shallow Ocean Surf-Zone on the Eastern Shore of Virginia Barrier Islands. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 51:210. Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Tue Aug 21 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Tue Aug 21 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Layman, Craig A. %A Smith, David E. %D 2000 %T Sampling Bias of Minnow Traps in Shallow Aquatic Habitats on the Eastern Shore of Virginia %B Wetlands %V 24 %P 145-154 %! Sampling Bias of Minnow Traps in Shallow Aquatic Habitats on the Eastern Shore of Virginia %J Wetlands %M VCR_1022460_3 %1 Layman, C. A. and D. E. Smith. 2000. Sampling Bias of Minnow Traps in Shallow Aquatic Habitats on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Wetlands 24:145-154. Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Tue Aug 21 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Tue Aug 21 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Layman, Craig A. %A Smith, David E. %A Herod, J Devin. %D 2000 %T Seasonally Varying Importance of Abiotic and Biotic Factors in Marsh-Pond Fish Communities %B Marine Ecology Progress Series %V 207 %P 155-169 %! Seasonally Varying Importance of Abiotic and Biotic Factors in Marsh-Pond Fish Communities %J Marine Ecology Progress Series %M VCR_1022460_4 %1 Layman, C.A., D.E. Smith and J.D. Herod. 2000. Seasonally Varying Importance of Abiotic and Biotic Factors in Marsh-Pond Fish Communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 207:155-169. Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Tue Aug 21 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Tue Aug 21 EDT 2001 %0 Report %A Leonard, L. %A Dorton, J. %A Culver, S. %A Christian, R.R. %A contributors, with 17 %D 2009 %T Coastal and Estuarine Observing in North Carolina: Integrating Observations & Science to Understand Our Coastal Environment %I White Paper %! Coastal and Estuarine Observing in North Carolina: Integrating Observations & Science to Understand Our Coastal Environment %M VCR_20100824_005 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Lin, Chau Chin %A Porter, John H. %A Hsiao, Chi Wen %D 2007 %T Automating analysis of sensor data using Ecological Metadata Language (EML) %B Conference on Coastal Environmental Sensor Networks %C Boston, MA %I Center for Coastal Environmental Sensing Networks, University of Massachusetts, Boston %P 5 %! Automating analysis of sensor data using Ecological Metadata Language (EML) %M VCR_20070412_002 %X Traditionally, ecologists in Taiwan and throughout the world, use a variety of methods to collect field data. Most of these methods are time and manpower intensive. The development of senor networks, however, allows sensors to gather data in the field and deliver them to the laboratory automatically. Already a variety of ecological important data such generic meteorological measurements, soil and water temperatures and acoustical records are being collected by senor networks. But the shift toward this data collection paradigm in turn creates new challenges for indexing, navigating, documenting and analyzing data. Furthermore, standard mechanisms for analysis and quality assurance checking of senor collected data are lacking. Consequently, data quality varies tremendously. Therefore, an automated data quality checking and analyzing system based on metadata has tremendous advantages for ecologists when they use sensor collected data. To address the management and quality assurance problem of sensor data, we have developed a tool based on the Ecological Metadata Language (EML). EML documentation for data sets are edited by using an open source XML editor called Morpho created by the Knowledge Network for Biodiversity. EML documents are then stored in an Internet-accessible relational database system. Then, we used PHP as an interface language to design an analysis tool for reading data and processing metadata from EML documents. Our tool generates a "R" statistical program based on the information on data structure stored in the EML document. This tool allows researchers to access EML, upload data, check data quality, and then run R code on the server. Researchers can use it for data manipulation, calculation, and graphical display online without the need to install any statistical software. %U http://cheetah.cs.umb.edu/ocs/viewabstract.php?id=48 %0 Journal Article %A Lin, Chau-Chin %A Porter, John H. %A Hsiao, Chi-Wen %A Lu, Sheng-Shan %A Jeng, Meei-Ru %D 2008 %T Establishing an EML-based Data Management System for Automating Analysis of Field Sensor Data %B Taiwan J For Sci %V 23 %N 3 %P 279-285 %! Establishing an EML-based Data Management System for Automating Analysis of Field Sensor Data %M VCR20080917_001 %U http://www.tfri.gov.tw/enu/pub_science_in.aspx?pid=895&catid0=43&catid1=140&pg0=&pg1=1 %0 Journal Article %A Lin, Chau-Chin %A Porter, John H. %A Lu, Sheng-Shan %D 2006 %T A Metadata-Based Framework for Multilingual Ecological Information Management %B Taiwan Journal of Forest Science %V 21 %P 1-6 %! A Metadata-Based Framework for Multilingual Ecological Information Management %J Taiwan Journal of Forest Science %M VCR_06283111554_01 %K Information Management ecological informatics metadata core:Information Management core:Cross-site and LTER Network %X Herein, we introduce a framework of an ecological information management prototype of tools based on a metadata standard. The framework was developed by the Ecological Informatics Working Group of the Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (TFRI) to aid with editing, storing, and using documents in the multiple languages of Asian cultures that comprise the East-Asia Pacific International Long-Term Ecological Research (EAP-ILTER) Network. The conceptual framework of the system can be divided into three tiers. The first tier deals with datasets and related information. The second tier relates to information management. Once datasets and other related information have been described, they are stored in a schema-independent database. The third tier is comprised of the full web-based interfaces that allow easy access to the second tier. Results of the application of this framework consist of an Ecological Metadata Language (EML) document database module, a data analysis function module, and a collection of 58 EML documents. %O submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu on Wed, 11 Oct 2006 11:15:54 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %U http://www.tfri.gov.tw/enu/files/210309_2006.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Lin, Chau-Chin %A Porter, John H %A Lu, Sheng-Shan %A Jeng, Meei-Ru %A Hsiao, Chi-Wen %D 2008 %T Using Structured Metadata to Manage Forest Research Information: A New Approach %B Taiwan Journal of Forest Science %V 23 %N 2 %P 133-143 %! Using Structured Metadata to Manage Forest Research Information: A New Approach %M VCR_20070410_001 %K Forest, Information management, Metadata, Quality Assurance, Data %X Documentation of field data sets and preservation of project information are important for solving forest management problems. The Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (TFRI) and the University of Virginia USA collaborated to conduct information management research and to development a system to help scientists acquire and document large numbers of datasets and other research information, without requiring researchers to develop knowledge of information technologies. We chose Ecological Metadata Language (EML) as the standard to document all research data, and set up a "Metacat" metadata server for TFRI. The Metacat server manages all modules of an EML document database, which are able to store, replicate, query, validate, transform and authenticate documents, and to manage user access. In total, 208 EML documents were created and evaluated by the end of 2006. These EML documents reflect the diversity of forest research in Taiwan. Although the EML standard is more suitable for biological and ecological fields, EML has been adapted by the broad forest science community, including forest utilization research. The Metacat system should be useful to the forestry community of TFRI for creating, storing, managing, and retrieving research data. The system has met the basic requirement for scientists to develop a data legacy, although the data quality control has not yet been fully achieved. %U http://www.tfri.gov.tw/enu/pub_science_in.aspx?pid=888 %0 Thesis %A Long, Bridget %D 2010 %T Belowground production of the mixed high marsh plant community Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA. %I University of Virginia %9 BA thesis %! Belowground production of the mixed high marsh plant community Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata %M VCR_0100824_012 %O (faculty advisor, Blum) %0 Thesis %A Loomis, Kindra E. %D 1999 %T Local geomorphological controls on hydrology, pore water chemistry, and Spartina alterniflora morphology in a Virginia barrier island salt marsh %C Charlottesville VA %I University of Virginia. %P 161 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Local geomorphological controls on hydrology, pore water chemistry, and Spartina alterniflora morphology in a Virginia barrier island salt marsh %M VCR_10123829_225 %1 Loomis, Kindra E. 1999. Local geomorphological controls on hydrology, pore water chemistry, and Spartina alterniflora morphology in a Virginia barrier island salt marsh. M.S. Thesis, University of Virginia. Charlottesville VA, 161 pp. %0 Thesis %A Lowit, Michael B. %D 2006 %T Spatial and temporal variation of bacterial community structure and ecosystem properties in two temperate estuaries %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 199 %9 Ph.D. %! Spatial and temporal variation of bacterial community structure and ecosystem properties in two temperate estuaries %M VCR_20070212_03 %0 Journal Article %A Lowit, Michael B. %A Blum, Linda K. %A Mills, Aaron L. %D 2000 %T Determining replication for discrimination among microbial communities in environmental samples using community-level physiological profiles %B Fems Microbiology Ecology %V 32 %N 2 %P 97-102 %8 May %! Determining replication for discrimination among microbial communities in environmental samples using community-level physiological profiles %J FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. %M ISI:000087261700002 %K community structure; physiological profile; environmental variability; statistical power carbon-source utilization; c source utilization; pcr eric-pcr; utilization patterns; diversity; soils; bacterioplankton; dna %X A statistical approach was employed to assess microbial community variability within a single 4-1 water sample and among 10 independent 4-1 water samples from a single location using community-level physiological profiles. Power calculations demonstrated that duplicate analyses could distinguish between two different locations at two times during the year. Variability associated with replicates from a single container ol from different containers was nearly the same for the two sites examined. Duplicate assays (one from each of two independent samples) were sufficient to resolve the between- site differences at alpha = 0.05 with power exceeding 0.95 at both times of the year. Similar methods are recommended to determine the appropriate number of replicates for environments of interest. (C) 2000 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. %O Article 318AR FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL %U ://000087261700002 %0 Thesis %A Loxterman, J. L. %D 1995 %T Allozymic variation in the marsh rice rat, Oryzomys palustris, and the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, on the Virginia barrier islands and southern Delmarva Peninsula %C Richmond, Virginia %I Virginia Commonwealth University %P 68 %9 M.S. thesis %! Allozymic variation in the marsh rice rat, Oryzomys palustris, and the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, on the Virginia barrier islands and southern Delmarva Peninsula %M VCR_10123829_226 %1 Loxterman, J.L. 1995. Allozymic variation in the marsh rice rat, _Oryzomys_ _palustris_, and the white-footed mouse, _Peromyscus_ _leucopus_, on the Virginia barrier islands and southern Delmarva Peninsula. M.S. thesis. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. pp. 68. Advisors: John F. Pagels, Nancy Moncrief, and Donald Young. Keywords=genetics, allozymes, marsh rice rats, white-footed mice, small mammals End_keywords Notes= submitted by moncrief@amazon.evsc.virginia.edu, Wed Feb 7 EST 1996 %K genetics allozymes marsh rice rats white-footed mice small mammals %0 Journal Article %A Loxterman, J. L. %A Moncrief, Nancy D. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %A Carlson, Charles Randolph. %A Pagels, J. F. %D 1998 %T Dispersal abilities and genetic population structure of insular and mainland Oryzomys palustris and Peromyscus leucopus %B Journal of Mammalogy %V 79 %N 1 %P 66-77 %8 Feb %! Dispersal abilities and genetic population structure of insular and mainland Oryzomys palustris and Peromyscus leucopus %J J. Mammal. %M ISI:000072193900005 %K Oryzomys; Peromyscus; gene flow; dispersal; island biogeography; allozymes; isolating mechanisms island deer mice; mitochondrial-dna; biochemical polymorphism; genic variation; differentiation; systematics; mammals; biogeography; maniculatus; gossypinus %X A comparative hierarchical approach was used to examine allozymic variability within and among nine populations of Oryzomys palustris (marsh rice rat) and seven populations of Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse) from the Virginia barrier islands and southern Delmarva Peninsula. O. palustris is an effective disperser over water, and is present on 21 of 24 islands. In contrast, P. leucopus is a less effective disperser over water and occurs on only four of 24 islands. Of 31 loci, four were variable in O. palustris; six were variable in P. leucopus. The nine populations of O. palustris had an average heterozygosity of 2.4% with 6.7% polymorphic loci. For seven populations of P. leucopus, the average heterozygosity was 3.6% with 12.3% polymorphic loci. Both species had lower levels of variation among mainland populations than among island populations. Populations of P. leucopus exhibited considerable genetic differentiation (F-ST = 0.180) and lower levels of gene flow (N-m = 1.14) among populations, whereas O. palustris had moderate levels of differentiation (F-ST = 0.135) and higher levels of gene flow (N-m = 1.60) among populations. Mantel tests indicated a significant relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance in Oryzomys but not in Peromyscus. %O Article YY857 J MAMMAL %U ://000072193900005 %0 Thesis %A Lunsford, Tami L. %D 2002 %T Comparison of the fate of dissolved organic matter in two coastal systems : Hog Island Bay, VA (USA) and Plum Island Sound, MA (USA) %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 M.S. Thesis %! Comparison of the fate of dissolved organic matter in two coastal systems : Hog Island Bay, VA (USA) and Plum Island Sound, MA (USA) %M VCR_20070212_05 %0 Thesis %A MacMillin, K. M. %D 1993 %T Bacterial dynamics in tidal marsh creeks of the Eastern Shore of Virginia %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 111-121 %9 MS thesis %! Bacterial dynamics in tidal marsh creeks of the Eastern Shore of Virginia %M VCR_10123829_229 %1 MacMillin, K.M. 1993. Bacterial dynamics in tidal marsh creeks of the Eastern Shore of Virginia. MS thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Macmillin, K. M. %A Blum, Linda K. %A Mills, Aaron L. %D 1992 %T Comparison of Bacterial Dynamics in Tidal Creeks of the Lower Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA %B Marine Ecology-Progress Series %V 86 %N 2 %P 111-121 %! Comparison of Bacterial Dynamics in Tidal Creeks of the Lower Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA %J Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. %M ISI:A1992JV40000002 %K dna-synthesis; thymidine incorporation; isotope-dilution; carbon-source; bacterioplankton; biomass; thymidine; productivity; community %X Bacterial biomass, abundance, and productivity were greater in 3 tidal marsh creeks on the Chesapeake Bay side of the lower Delmarva Peninsula than in nearby creeks of the seaside coastal lagoon complex (biomass: 462 and 71 ng C ml-1; abundance: 12 x 10(6) and 3.8 x 10(6) cells ml-1; productivity: 46 and 7.3 ng C ml-1 h-1; bayside and seaside respectively). Bacterial cell- size distributions were also significantly different between the seaside and bayside creeks, with a larger proportion of smaller cells dominating samples from the seaside creeks. Bayside and seaside concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were similar (approximately 49 mg l-1 TSS and 3.5 mg l-1 DOC). The amount of organic matter (OM) and chlorophyll a was higher in the bayside creeks, while inorganic N and P concentrations were higher in the seaside creeks (OM: 9.0 and 3.4 mg l-1; chlorophyll a: 6.0 and 4.1 g l-1; PO43-: 0.2 and 1.2 muM; NH4+: 0.6 and 1.2 muM; bayside and seaside respectively). The high inorganic nutrient pools combined with the low levels of bacterial productivity suggest that bacterial production is not limited by N or P in the seaside creeks and that the amount of carbon moving through the bacterial loop is much less than on the bayside. In fact, DOC turnover times were much longer for the seaside (22 d) than for the bayside (6 d). Reasons for the observed differences in bacterial dynamics for the bay and seasides are not known specifically, but may be related to differences in the source of the DOC (marsh grass vs phytoplankton), grazing on the bacterial cells, or bacterial community structure. %O Article JV400 MAR ECOL-PROGR SER %U ://A1992JV40000002 %0 Journal Article %A Mariotti, G. %A Fagherazzi, S. %D 2010 %T A numerical model for the coupled long-term evolution of salt marshes and tidal flats %B J. Geophys. Res., %V 115 %P F01004 %! A numerical model for the coupled long-term evolution of salt marshes and tidal flats %M VCR20090610_007 %U doi:10.1029/2009JF001326 %0 Thesis %A Marsh, Amanda C. %D 2007 %T Effects on a salt marsh ecosystem following a brown marsh event %B Biology %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %P 152 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Effects on a salt marsh ecosystem following a brown marsh event %M VCR_20070228_01 %X In summer 2004, an area of salt marsh within the Virginia Coast Reserve Long-Term Ecological Research site (USA) had little new growth of the dominant Spartina alterniflora. This circumstance had not been noticed during more than 15 years of study of this marsh. Similar but larger brown marsh events have been observed in Georgia, Louisiana, and other states along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. Such events may affect marsh ecosystems in numerous ways that warrant characterization. Permanent transects were set up through healthy (H), intermediate (I), and dieback (D) conditions of S. alterniflora to track development of the marsh in 2004 and possible subsequent recovery or long-term effects. Subsequent evaluations of effects in 2005 and 2006 come from measurements of ground cover, bacterial and Melampus bidentatus densities, distribution of algal taxa and chlorophyll a concentrations in surface sediments, HPLC analysis of pigments in surface sediments, pore water sulfide concentrations, and elevation. The disturbance affects the variables dependent on scale with the greatest and most long-term effects at larger scales. Chlorophyll a concentrations were not different among the conditions and any differences in the bacterial densities may not be ecologically significant. Snail densities and sulfide concentrations did show differences. Hypotheses concerning expectations of response to dieback are rejected as stated originally but the differences among conditions could often be explained and understood. There were increases in healthy ground cover from 2005-2006, which indicated recovery is occurring more quickly in the smaller patches than the larger patches, but elevation and flooding may have changed preventing a full recovery. %O R. Christian, advisor %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/Amanda_Marsh_Thesis2007.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Martin, David W. %A Young, Donald R. %D 1997 %T Small-scale distribution and salinity response of Juniperus virginiana on an Atlantic Coast barrier island %B Canadian Journal of Botany-Revue Canadienne De Botanique %V 75 %N 1 %P 77-85 %8 Jan %! Small-scale distribution and salinity response of Juniperus virginiana on an Atlantic Coast barrier island %J Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. %M ISI:A1997XD78300010 %K barrier island; eastern red cedar; Juniperus virginiana; salinity response; water relations salt-marsh; zonation; stress; plant; spray %X A field and laboratory study examined the hypothesis that the small-scale distribution pattern of Juniperus virginiana on barrier islands is related to salinity patterns and plant responses to salinity. Temporal (May-October) and spatial variability in ground water availability, ground water salinity, and total soil chlorides were quantified across a Virginia barrier island. Groundwater depth and salinity increased throughout the summer; microtopographic position and location on the island also affected soil salinities. Highest salinities occurred near the ocean side beach and bay side marsh, as well as in low lying swales that flood during extreme high tides or storms. Median rooting zone chloride level for J. virginiana was 54 mu g/g. In contrast, laboratory germination and growth studies indicated that J. virginiana was significantly affected only at high salinity levels (1000 and 1400 mu g/g), suggesting that salinity is not the only factor regulating small-scale distribution patterns. The broad tolerance to salinity may account for the abundance of J. virginiana in coastal environments. %O Article XD783 CAN J BOT %U ://A1997XD78300010 %0 Thesis %A Martin, Joel %D 2007 %T A test of conditioned food aversion to control raccoon predation on the eggs of ground-nesting shorebird species on the barrier islands of Virginia %B Ecology %C Logan, UT %I Utah State University %P 122 %9 M.S. Thesis %! A test of conditioned food aversion to control raccoon predation on the eggs of ground-nesting shorebird species on the barrier islands of Virginia %M VCR20090605_001 %K Birds, predators, raccoons, eggs, nests, aversion %X To test the ability of estrogen-injected eggs to induce an aversion to untreated eggs in raccoons, pen, and island trials showed that 1) the average raccoon (Procyon lotor) reduced egg consumption, rather than food consumption, after consuming estrogen-treated eggs; 2) even though there were no conspicuous signs of aversion-inducing illness, an aversion formed generally within only a day or two of estrogen exposure; 3) averse animals not only reduced egg consumption, but apparently altered their foraging patterns; 4) prior exposure to untreated eggs impeded the formation of an egg aversion; 5) the aversion appeared likely to last longer than 21 days under ideal circumstances; 6) raccoons could not distinguish between estrogen-injected eggs and similar uninjected eggs; 7) an aversion to 1 type of egg did not appear to generalize to avoidance of other types of eggs as well; and 8) estrogen appeared to be generally safe and effective for use with raccoons, with the possible exception of late-term pregnant females. Raccoons have a propensity to sample; and an egg aversion apparently depends on the taste or smell of the egg, the appearance of the egg, and the context in which the egg is found. So an aversion does not automatically generalize to eggs that are substantially different from the treated eggs. Taken together, these findings support the application of estrogeninduced aversive conditioning as a management tool, but also suggest that conditioned aversion is probably not a “magic bullet” for managing predation, and such field applications may need to be relatively complex in their design and execution. %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/MartinThesis11-16-07.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Martin, J.D. %A Dueser, R.D. %A Moncrief, N.D. %D in press %T Method for casting large numbers of clay eggs for use in artificial-nest studies %B Southwestern Naturalist %! Method for casting large numbers of clay eggs for use in artificial-nest studies %M VCR_20100902_003 %0 Journal Article %A Masetti, R. %A Fagherazzi, S. %A Montanari, A %D 2008 %T Application of a barrier island translation model to the millennial-scale evolution of Sand key, Florida %B Continental Shelf Research %V 28 %P 1116-1126 %! Application of a barrier island translation model to the millennial-scale evolution of Sand key, Florida %M VCR090610_001 %0 Thesis %A May, Melynda K. %D 2002 %T Factors influencing headward erosion of tidal creeks in response to rising sea level. %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %P 133 %! Factors influencing headward erosion of tidal creeks in response to rising sea level. %M VCR_06302022429_01 %K tidal creek; state change; transgression location:mainland core:Organic Matter %O submitted by brinsonm@ecu.edu on Mon, 30 Oct 2006 14:24:29 -0500 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Mazzilli, S. %A Christian, Robert R. %D 2007 %T Defining the coast and sentinel ecosystems for coastal observations of global change %B Hydrobiologia %V 577 %P 55-70 %8 Feb %! Defining the coast and sentinel ecosystems for coastal observations of global change %J Hydrobiologia %M VCR_200612010005 %K coast; Global Terrestrial Observing System; ecosystems; long-term monitoring; Ramsar Convention on Wetlands; World Heritage Convention term ecological research; management; watersheds; nitrogen; models %X The detection, attribution and prediction of global and large scale regional change are goals for the Global Observing Systems of the United Nations. Coastal areas are particularly sensitive to global change, but there is a variety of limitations to universal coverage of observations. The coastal module of the Global Terrestrial Observing System (C-GTOS) considers sentinel ecosystems to address these goals for the terrestrial, wetland and freshwater ecosystems of the coast. Sentinel ecosystems for observing systems are a limited number of well understood systems that have substantial datasets and are observed in a sustained fashion, forming an early warning and core system for broader regional and global change. A necessary step in the development of C-GTOS is the examination of current definitions of coastal areas by anticipated users and information providers, and identification of potential coastal networks and sites. We applied the sentinel system framework to the selection of C-GTOS observation sites from several international programs using various global delineations of coastal areas. Delineations were based on the most common definitions of the coast adopted by potential C-GTOS users and information providers, and included mapped areas of various distance from the coastline, coastal areas of low elevation, and a seaward boundary matching the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). Decreases in the number of sites within each international program occurred with each definition marking area closer to the coastline. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands demonstrates the greatest percentage of coastal sites by any definition. The process of choosing specific sentinel sites for C-GTOS continues from this initial screening, and is the next step towards the development of an in situ site network supporting the observation of global and large scale change. %O NSF support not acknowledged %U ://000243654900006 %0 Journal Article %A McCaffrey, C. A. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %D 1990 %T Plant Associations on the Virginia Barrier Islands %B Va. J. Sci. %V 41 %P 289-299 %! Plant Associations on the Virginia Barrier Islands %J Va. J. Sci. %M VCR_10123829_231 %1 McCaffrey, C.A., R.D. Dueser. 1990. Plant Associations on the Virginia Barrier Islands. Va. J. Sci. 41:4A:289-299. %0 Journal Article %A McCaffrey, C. A. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %D 1990 %T Preliminary Vascular Flora for the Virginia Barrier Islands %B Va. J. Sci. %V 41 %P 259-281 %! Preliminary Vascular Flora for the Virginia Barrier Islands %J Va. J. Sci. %M VCR_10123829_232 %1 McCaffrey, C.A., R.D. Dueser. 1990. Preliminary Vascular Flora for the Virginia Barrier Islands. Va. J. Sci. 41:4A:259-281. %0 Journal Article %A McFrederick, Quinn S. %A Fuentes, Jose D. %A Roulston, T. %A Kathilankal, James C. %A Lerdau, Manuel %D 2009 %T Effects of air pollution on biogenic volatiles and ecological interactions %B Oecologia %! Effects of air pollution on biogenic volatiles and ecological interactions %M VCR20090415_001 %U DOI 10.1007/s00442-009-1318-9 %0 Journal Article %A McFrederick, Quinn S. %A Fuentes, Jose D. %A Roulston, T. %A Kathilankal, James C. %A Lerdau, Manuel %D in press %T Air pollution modifies the scentscape %B Ecology Letters %! Air pollution modifies the scentscape %J Ecology Letters %M VCR_08188021045_01 %K Pollinators core:Disturbance %X We review scent-mediated interactions and discuss how such interactions can be affected by increasing levels of airborne pollutants. In highly polluted air masses, signals may travel shorter distances before being destroyed by chemical reactions with pollutants. Additionally, the specificity of a signal may be lost after it has undergone reaction. To determine which scent-mediated interactions are likely to be affected, we review existing literature to build a picture of what chemicals are commonly found in such interactions and the spatial scales at which interactions occur. We find that pollination, attraction of natural enemies of plant pests, aggregation pheromones and mate attraction are likely to be affected. New research should investigate whether air pollution deleteriously affects populations of organisms that rely on scent trails. Additionally, we need to investigate if breakdown products created by the reaction of signaling chemicals with pollutants can provide usable signals and if there has been adaptation on the part of scent emitters or receivers to either breakdown products or more robust chemical signals. The proposed research will necessarily draw on tools from atmospheric science, evolutionary biology, and ecology in furthering our understanding the ecological implications of anthropogenic change. %O submitted by jf6s@virginia.edu on Mon, 07 Jul 2008 14:10:45 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A McFrederick, Quinn S. %A Kathilankal, James C. %A Fuentes, Jose D. %D 2008 %T Air pollution modifies floral scent trails %B Atmospheric Environment %V 42 %P 2336–2348 %! Air pollution modifies floral scent trails %J Atmospheric Environment %M VCR20070928_07 %K Pollinators core:Disturbance %X Floral hydrocarbons provide essential signals to attract pollinators. As soon as they are emitted to the atmosphere, however, hydrocarbons are destroyed by chemical reactions involving pollutants such as ozone. It is therefore likely that increased air pollution interferes with pollinator attracting hydrocarbon signals. To test this hypothesis, a Lagrangian diffusion model was used to determine the position of air parcels away from hydrocarbon sources and to estimate the rate of chemical destruction of hydrocarbons as air parcels moved across the landscape. The hydrocarbon compounds linalool, b-myrcene, and b-ocimene were chosen because they are known to be common scents released from flowers. The suppressed ambient abundances of volatile organic compounds were determined in response to increased regional levels of ozone, hydroxyl, and nitrate radicals. The results indicate that the documented increases in air pollution concentrations, from pre-industrial to present times, can lead to reductions in volatile compound concentrations insects detect as they pollinate flowers. For highly reactive volatiles the maximum downwind distance from the source at which pollinators can detect the scents may have changed from kilometers during pre-industrial times to o200m during the more polluted conditions of present times. The increased destruction of floral signals in polluted air masses may have important implications for both pollinators and signaling plants. When patches of flowers are further apart than the visual range of pollinators, such as in fragmented landscapes, the loss of scent signals may mean that pollinators spend more time searching for patches and less time foraging. This decrease in pollinator foraging efficiency will simultaneously decrease the pollinator’s reproductive output and the amount of pollen flow in flowering plants. %O submitted by jf6s@virginia.edu on Mon, 07 Jul 2008 14:15:58 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %U ://000255163200006 %0 Journal Article %A McGinnis, D. F. %A Berg, P. %A Brand, A. %A Lorrai, C. %A Edmonds, T. J. %A Wuest, A. %D 2008 %T Measurements of eddy correlation oxygen fluxes in shallow freshwaters: Towards routine applications and analysis %B Geophysical Research Letters %V 35 %N 4 %8 Feb 16 %! Measurements of eddy correlation oxygen fluxes in shallow freshwaters: Towards routine applications and analysis %M VCR20080702_003 %U ://000253232300005 %0 Journal Article %A McGlathery, Karen J. %D 2001 %T Macroalgal blooms contribute to the decline of seagrass in nutrient-enriched coastal waters %B Journal of Phycology %V 35 %P 1-4 %! Macroalgal blooms contribute to the decline of seagrass in nutrient-enriched coastal waters %J Journal of Phycology %M VCR_10123829_28 %1 McGlathery, K. J. 2001. Macroalgal blooms contribute to the decline of seagrass in nutrient-enriched coastal waters. Journal of Phycology 35:1-4. Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Fri Aug 10 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Fri Aug 10 EDT 2001 %0 Book Section %A McGlathery, K.J. %D In press %T Nitrogen cycling in seagrass meadows %E Capone, D., E. Carpenter, D. Bronk, and M. Mulholland %B Nitrogen Cycling in the Marine Environment %! Nitrogen cycling in seagrass meadows %M VCR20071001_02 %0 Journal Article %A McGlathery, Karen J. %A Anderson, Iris %A Tyler, A Christy. %D 2001 %T Magnitude and variability of benthic and pelagic metabolism in a temperate coastal lagoon %B Marine Ecology-Progress Series %V 216 %P 1-15 %! Magnitude and variability of benthic and pelagic metabolism in a temperate coastal lagoon %J Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. %M ISI:000170395500001 %K lagoon; metabolism; autotrophy; heterotrophy; carbon; nitrogen; macroalgae; phytoplankton; microalgae; chlorophyll macroalga chaetomorpha-linum; dissolved-oxygen dynamics; water sediment system; community metabolism; estuarine system; chesapeake bay; united-states; dense mats; shallow; nitrogen %X In shallow coastal systems where most of the seafloor lies within the photic zone, benthic photoautotrophy is likely to play a key role in regulating carbon and nitrogen cycling. We measured dissolved inorganic carbon exchanges in seasonal microcosm incubations to determine the relative importance of benthic (with and without macroalgae) and water column metabolism at 3 sites located along a nutrient gradient in a coastal barrier-island lagoon on the eastern shore of Virginia. When coupled with data on in situ biomass, the incubations clearly indicated a seasonality in the dominance of primary producers at the sites, with benthic primary producers being the most important early and late in the growing season and phytoplankton dominating following a mid-summer period of macroalgal decay and the release of algal-bound nutrients to the water column. The benthos was always net autotrophic, and differences in community metabolism at the 3 sites appeared to be largely due to variation in macroalgal biomass, Macroalgae accumulated to a greater extent in the mid-lagoon and accounted for up to 96 % of benthic production. The water column was net heterotrophic throughout the lagoon except following the mid- summer macroalgal collapse, when phytoplankton biomass was highest at the 2 sites closest to the mainland, Benthic microalgal production also increased in importance following the macroalgal decline, suggesting that competition for light and possibly nutrients limited benthic microalgal production when macroalgal densities were high. Overall, there was a distinct seasonality in patterns of total metabolism within the bay, where all sites were net autotrophic in the spring and summer and net heterotrophic in the fall. Up to 8 g N m(-2) accumulated in macroalgal biomass throughout spring and early summer at the mid-lagoon shoal site, slowing nutrient transport through the lagoon. Nutrient turnover rates were higher during the period when phytoplankton and benthic microalgae were the dominant primary producers. This study illustrates the functional importance of different primary producer communities to carbon metabolism and to the temporary retention of nutrients in lagoonal land-margin ecosystems. %O Article 462AF MAR ECOL-PROGR SER %U ://000170395500001 %0 Book Section %A McGlathery, Karen J. %A Sundback, K. %A Anderson, Iris %D 2004 %T The importance of pimary producers for benthic N and P cycling %E Nielsen, S. L. %E Banta, G. T. %E Pedersen, M. F. %B The Influence of Primary Producers on Estuarine Nutrient Cycling %I Klluwer Academic Publishers %P 232-263 %! The importance of pimary producers for benthic N and P cycling %J The Influence of Primary Producers on Estuarine Nutrient Cycling %M VCR_05217122330_01 %O submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu on Sat, 06 Aug 2005 00:23:30 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A McGlathery, K. J. %A Sundback, K. %A Anderson, I. C. %D 2007 %T Eutrophication in shallow coastal bays and lagoons: the role of plants in the coastal filter %B Marine Ecology-Progress Series %V 348 %P 1-18 %! Eutrophication in shallow coastal bays and lagoons: the role of plants in the coastal filter %M VCR_05217123905_01 %K ocation:lagoon; core:Primary Productivity; core:Nutrient Cycling; core:Synthesis %O submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu on Sat, 06 Aug 2005 00:39:05 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %U ://000251203500001 %0 Thesis %A McGoff, Nicola %D 2004 %T The influence of the marsh grasshopper, Orchelium fidicinium, on nutrient cycling and productivity of Spartina alterniflora in a salt marsh environment %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA USA %I University of Virginia %9 M.S. Thesis %! The influence of the marsh grasshopper, Orchelium fidicinium, on nutrient cycling and productivity of Spartina alterniflora in a salt marsh environment %M VCR_200412310010 %X Although salt marshes have been studied extensively, in regards to system function and ecological dynamics, little is known about the effects of grazing insect herbivores in these ecosystems. There is evidence of top down control of salt marsh plants by grazing organisms, through consumption of aboveground biomass and through alteration of nutrient cycling. Orchelium fidicinium, the marsh grasshopper, feeds exclusively on Spartina alterniflora, smooth cordgrass. Grasshoppers feed by scraping the surface of the leaf, hastening its senescence, and increasing litter inputs. O. fidicinium assimilates less than a third of the material ingested, resulting in nutrient-rich fecal matter returning to the marsh surface. Understanding the direct and indirect effects of grasshopper grazing, and beginning to quantify them, is necessary in understanding the role of O. fidicinium in salt marsh ecosystems. This experiment tested the hypothesis that grazing will increase the sediment nutrient content through litter and fecal inputs, while simultaneously causing the plant to respond to the aboveground stress by increasing belowground biomass. This corresponding response could result in a positive feedback loop for the grasshoppers, increasing the quantity and quality of their own food source. To investigate the effects of O. fidicinium grazing, inclusion and exclusion treatments were established on the Virginia Coast Reserve LTER site. There were four treatments: uncaged controls, exclusion treatments, ambient density inclusions and triple density inclusions. Within each treatment aboveground plant productivity and belowground biomass were measured. Grazer damages and plant morphology were assessed. Sediment organic matter, plant and sediment nutrient content (C, N, and NH4), and litter and fecal inputs were measured. Surface chlorophyll was measured as a proxy for microalgal communities. The percentage of plant and leaves grazed were linearly related to grazer density (R2 = 0.42 and 0.52 respectively), significantly increasing with grazer density (p < 0.0003). The percent of water in plants increased significantly with grazer density treatments (p < 0.05). Surface sediment organic matter increased significantly with grasshopper density (p = 0.027). The increased sediment organic matter is due to fecal inputs and litter inputs due to grazers. Live root biomass increased significantly in triple density treatments, and decreased significantly in ambient density treatments (p < 0.05). The changes in root biomass are a result of alternate compensation strategies for different grazer densities. Many of the results of the experiment were statistically non-significant. This may be due to low experimental power or the short time scale of the experiment. Within the significant and non-significant results trends were evident to support hypothesized results of the grazer density treatments. Overall the results of this experiment indicate that small changes in grasshopper density can elicit significant changes in the above and belowground environment of a S. alterniflora dominated salt marsh environment. O. fidicinium had a significant effect on nutrient recycling in the marsh, which may possibly affect their own food source, the detritus and filter feeding community. %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/McGoff_thesis_2004.pdf %0 Thesis %A McIvor, C. %D 1987 %T Marsh Fish Community Structure: Roles of Geomorphology and Salinity %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 4 %9 PH.D. Thesis %! Marsh Fish Community Structure: Roles of Geomorphology and Salinity %M VCR_10123829_233 %1 McIvor, C. 1987. Marsh Fish Community Structure: Roles of Geomorphology and Salinity. PH.D. Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Mcleod, Elizabeth %A Poulter, Benjamin %A Hinkel, Jochen %A Reyes, Enrique %A Salm, Rodney %D in press %T Sea-level rise impact models and environmental conservation: A review of models and their applications %B Ocean & Coastal Management %9 doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.06.009 %! Sea-level rise impact models and environmental conservation: A review of models and their applications %@ 0964-5691 %M VCR_20100827_001 %O TY - JOUR %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VG5-50G0651-3/2/7dc9c251115370969738741b0c08e0c7 %0 Thesis %A McMillan, Brett A. %D 2007 %T Plant assemblage structure on "pimple" dunes at the Virginia Coast Reserve Long-Term Ecological Research site %B Biology %C Norfolk, VA %I Old Dominion University %P 170 %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Plant assemblage structure on "pimple" dunes at the Virginia Coast Reserve Long-Term Ecological Research site %M VCR20080729_001 %X The habitats at the VCR LTER that were the focus of the current study are the Hog Island and Parramore Island ‘pimples’, small, rounded dunes forming along main dune ridges of the barrier islands. There are distinct plant assemblage zones found on pimples, although most of these dunes are 10 – 20 m in diameter. Hypotheses of the study were that fresh water availability was a main determinant of differences between assemblages and that pimple size and location would influence diversity and assemblage structure. Research goals were 1) to describe the plant assemblages on pimples, 2) to relate edaphic and geomorphological factors to pimple assemblage diversity and composition at different spatial scales, and 3) to compare assemblage – environment interactions on pimples and main dune ridges. Accomplishing these goals entailed field vegetation surveys of a representative sample of pimple and dune plant assemblages and environmental monitoring. There were distinct assemblage types that segregated themselves by habitat type: marsh, shrub thicket, and dry summit. Shrub assemblages were less diverse than either marsh or summit habitats. There was no relationship between pimple size and diversity or location. Differences in diversity and composition among pimples were as great as differences among transects within pimples. Pimple diversity and species composition were different from the main dunes. Fresh water availability was important in differentiating differences, both among transects and among species, but it was not the only important factor. Nutrients, such as boron, were also important in describing variation among species. It is likely that interactions between water and other factors (e.g. the accumulation of some mineral nutrients in the marsh after they are leached from the dune summits) are the most important determinants to species abundances. A secondary goal was to evaluate ordination techniques used in pattern detection throughout the study. Canonical correspondence analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling performed best overall. CCA, which is a direct gradient analysis, described groups of transects and species that largely matched my a priori assumptions. Furthermore, it provided correlation data about species – environment relationships that were equivalent to multiple regression. NMS, a distance-based, indirect-gradient method, described high percentages of variation (> 80 %) in the first two or three axes, but relationships between environment and species abundances had to be inferred. Bray-Curtis ordination and especially principal components analysis did not explain as much variation in the data. %O NSF support Acknowledged %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/McMillan_200_Plant_Assemblage_Structure.pdf %0 Journal Article %A McMillan, B.A. %A Day., F.P. %D in press %T Microenvironment and plant assemblage structure on Virginia's barrier islands %B Northeastern Naturalist %! Microenvironment and plant assemblage structure on Virginia's barrier islands %M VCR_20100816_005 %0 Journal Article %A Michener, W. K. %A Blood, E. R. %A Bildstein, K. L. %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Gardner, L. R. %D 1997 %T Climate change, hurricanes and tropical storms, and rising sea level in coastal wetlands %B Ecological Applications %V 7 %N 3 %P 770-801 %8 Aug %! Climate change, hurricanes and tropical storms, and rising sea level in coastal wetlands %J Ecol. Appl. %M ISI:A1997XQ08100005 %K climate change; coastal wetlands in southeastern United States; colonial waterbirds and hurricanes; comparative studies; conceptual models of; hurricanes; moisture-continuum model; sea level rise; space-for-time substitution; tropical storms luquillo experimental forest; southeastern united-states; puerto-rico; north-carolina; south-carolina; bird populations; environmental-research; spartina-alterniflora; conservation biology; caribbean hurricanes %X Global climate change is expected to affect temperature and precipitation patterns, oceanic and atmospheric circulation, rate of rising sea level, and the frequency, intensity, timing, and distribution of hurricanes and tropical storms. The magnitude of these projected physical changes and their subsequent impacts on coastal wetlands will vary regionally. Coastal wetlands in the southeastern United States have naturally evolved under a regime of rising sea level and specific patterns of hurricane frequency, intensity, and timing. A review of known ecological effects of tropical storms and hurricanes indicates that storm timing, frequency, and intensity can alter coastal wetland hydrology, geomorphology, biotic structure, energetics, and nutrient cycling. Research conducted to examine the impacts of Hurricane Hugo on colonial waterbirds highlights the importance of longterm studies for identifying complex interactions that may otherwise be dismissed as stochastic processes. Rising sea level and even modest changes in the frequency, intensity, timing, and distribution of tropical storms and hurricanes are expected to have substantial impacts on coastal wetland patterns and processes. Persistence of coastal wetlands will be determined by the interactions of climate and anthropogenic effects, especially how humans respond to rising sea level and how further human encroachment on coastal wetlands affects resource exploitation, pollution, and water use. Long-term changes in the frequency, intensity, timing, and distribution of hurricanes and tropical storms will likely affect biotic functions (e.g., community structure, natural selection, extinction rates, and biodiversity) as well as underlying processes such as nutrient cycling and primary and secondary productivity. Reliable predictions of global-change impacts on coastal wetlands will require better understanding of the linkages among terrestrial, aquatic, wetland, atmospheric, oceanic, and human components. Developing this comprehensive understanding of the ecological ramifications of global change will necessitate close coordination among scientists from multiple disciplines and a balanced mixture of appropriate scientific approaches. For example, insights may be gained through the careful design and implementation of broad-scale comparative studies that incorporate salient patterns and processes, including treatment of anthropogenic influences. Well-designed, broad-scale comparative studies could serve as the scientific framework for developing relevant and focused long-term ecological research, monitoring programs, experiments, and modeling studies. Two conceptual models of broad-scale comparative research for assessing ecological responses to climate change are presented: utilizing space-for- time substitution coupled with long-term studies to assess impacts of rising sea level and disturbance on coastal wetlands, and utilizing the moisture-continuum model for assessing the effects of global change and associated shifts in moisture regimes on wetland ecosystems. Increased understanding of climate change will require concerted scientific efforts aimed at facilitating interdisciplinary research, enhancing data and information management, and developing new funding strategies. %O Review XQ081 ECOL APPL %U ://A1997XQ08100005 %0 Edited Book %A Michener, W. K. %A Porter, John H. %A Stafford, S. G. %D 1998 %T Data and information management in the ecological sciences: a resource guide %C Albuquerque, NM. %I LTER Network Office, University of New Mexico %P 138 %! Data and information management in the ecological sciences: a resource guide %M VCR_10123829_235 %1 Michener, W.K., J.H. Porter, and S.G. Stafford. 1998. Data and information management in the ecological sciences: a resource guide. LTER Network Office, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM. pp. 138 Keywords:data, databases, www:: Abstract:More than 100 individuals attended a two-day workshop (August 8-9, 1997) entitled "Data and Information Management in the Ecological Sciences" that was held at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. Objectives of the workshop were to: effect technology transfer, especially at biological field stations and marine laboratories\; facilitate people networking\; communicate training needs and opportunities\; identify future needs for data management at field stations\; and produce hard copy and digital versions of the proceedings. Workshop instructors provided comprehensive overviews of the technological infrastructure for a data management system (e.g., hardware, software, communications, and networking), data entry, quality assurance, database management systems, metadata, archival, the World Wide Web, and scientific visualization. Additional roundtable discussions focused specifically on software for field stations, challenges and opportunities at field stations, and site-specific data management implementation.:: Notes: submitted by jporter, Mon Jul 27 EDT 1998 :: %K data databases www %X More than 100 individuals attended a two-day workshop (August 8-9, 1997) entitled "Data and Information Management in the Ecological Sciences" that was held at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. Objectives of the workshop were to: effect technology transfer, especially at biological field stations and marine laboratories\; facilitate people networking\; communicate training needs and opportunities\; identify future needs for data management at field stations\; and produce hard copy and digital versions of the proceedings. Workshop instructors provided comprehensive overviews of the technological infrastructure for a data management system (e.g., hardware, software, communications, and networking), data entry, quality assurance, database management systems, metadata, archival, the World Wide Web, and scientific visualization. Additional roundtable discussions focused specifically on software for field stations, challenges and opportunities at field stations, and site-specific data management implementation. %U http://intranet.lternet.edu/archives/documents/reports/Data-and-information-management/DIMES/html/frame.html %0 Thesis %A Miller, W D. %D 1998 %T The effects of increased inundation and wrack deposition on photosynthesis and respiration in a Virginia salt marsh %C Williamsburg, VA %I College of William and Mary %9 MS thesis %! The effects of increased inundation and wrack deposition on photosynthesis and respiration in a Virginia salt marsh %M VCR_10123829_31 %1 Miller, W.D. 1998. The effects of increased inundation and wrack deposition on photosynthesis and respiration in a Virginia salt marsh. MS thesis, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA pp. Notes= submitted by iris@vims.edu, Fri Apr 13 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by iris@vims.edu, Fri Apr 13 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Miller, W D. %A Neubauer, Scott C. %A Anderson, Iris %D 2001 %T Effects of sea level induced disturbances on high salt marsh metabolism %B Estuaries %V 24 %P 357-367 %! Effects of sea level induced disturbances on high salt marsh metabolism %J Estuaries %M VCR_10123829_33 %1 Miller, W.D., S.C. Neubauer, and I.C. Anderson. 2001. Effects of sea level induced disturbances on high salt marsh metabolism. Estuaries 24:357-367. Abstract=The rate of sea-level rise is predicted to increase as a result of global warming. As sea level rises there will also be an increase in frequency and duration of disturbances associated with higher sea level. Salt marshes, which provide a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial environments around much of the temperate world, will be the first to feel the effects of an increased rate of sea-level rise. This study examines the metabolic response of a high salt marsh to the disturbances of increased inundation and wrack deposition that are associated with sea-level rise. We measured changes in community and sediment photosynthesis and respiration by analyzing carbon dioxide fluxes in the light and dark. Data from the seasonal flux measurements were combined with continuously measured light and temperature data to develop a model that estimated annual production and respiration. Results suggest that increased inundation will reduce both production and respiration and yield a moderate net loss of organic carbon to the high marsh. The model also predicts a substantial loss of organic carbon to wrack affected areas. The consequence of decreased organic carbon input to the marsh is a reduced ability to accrete material, which is necessary in order to maintain elevation relative to sea level. End_abstract Notes= submitted by iris@vims.edu, Thu Aug 2 EDT 2001 End_notes %X The rate of sea-level rise is predicted to increase as a result of global warming. As sea level rises there will also be an increase in frequency and duration of disturbances associated with higher sea level. Salt marshes, which provide a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial environments around much of the temperate world, will be the first to feel the effects of an increased rate of sea-level rise. This study examines the metabolic response of a high salt marsh to the disturbances of increased inundation and wrack deposition that are associated with sea-level rise. We measured changes in community and sediment photosynthesis and respiration by analyzing carbon dioxide fluxes in the light and dark. Data from the seasonal flux measurements were combined with continuously measured light and temperature data to develop a model that estimated annual production and respiration. Results suggest that increased inundation will reduce both production and respiration and yield a moderate net loss of organic carbon to the high marsh. The model also predicts a substantial loss of organic carbon to wrack affected areas. The consequence of decreased organic carbon input to the marsh is a reduced ability to accrete material, which is necessary in order to maintain elevation relative to sea level. %O submitted by iris@vims.edu, Thu Aug 2 EDT 2001 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Mills, A.L., G.M. Hornberger, and J.S. Herman %D 2008 %T Sediments in low-relief coastal streams as effective filters of agricultural nitrate %B Proceedings of the AWRA Specialty Conference %C Norfolk, VA %I American Water Resources Association %! Sediments in low-relief coastal streams as effective filters of agricultural nitrate %M VCR20080703_002 %0 Generic %A Mills, Aaron L. %A Blum, Linda K. %A Lagera, L. M. %D 1990 %T Distribution of bacterial abundance and activity in the Virginia Coastal Lagoon Complex %B ASLO Meeting %C Williamsburg, Va %! Distribution of bacterial abundance and activity in the Virginia Coastal Lagoon Complex %M VCR_10123829_236 %1 Mills, A.L., L.K. Blum, L.M. Lagera. 1990. Distribution of bacterial abundance and activity in the Virginia Coastal Lagoon Complex. ASLO Meetings, Williamsburg, Va. (Published Abstract). %0 Book Section %A Mills, Aaron L. %A Callaghan, A. %D 1996 %T Biological removal of nitrate from ground water in a shallow coastal plain aquifer %E Flint, W. %B Natural Resource Values and Vulnerabilities: The Second Virginia Eastern Shore Natural Resources Symposium %C Exmore, VA. %I The Eastern Shore Institute %V TESI Publication #4 %P 12 %! Biological removal of nitrate from ground water in a shallow coastal plain aquifer %M VCR_10123829_237 %1 Mills, A.L., and A. Callaghan. 1996. Biological removal of nitrate from ground water in a shallow coastal plain aquifer. pp. 12. In , Flint, W. (ed). Natural Resource Values and Vulnerabilities: The Second Virginia Eastern Shore Natural Resources Symposium. The Eastern Shore Institute, Exmore, VA. TESI Publication #4. %0 Report %A Molina, K %A Erwin, RM %A Palacios, E %A Mellink, E %A Seto, N %D 2010 %T Status review and conservation recommendations for the gull-billed tern in North America %C Sacramento CA %I U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service %V Biol. Tech. Publication BTP-R1013-2010 %! Status review and conservation recommendations for the gull-billed tern in North America %M VCR_20100816_003 %0 Journal Article %A Molina, K. C. %A Erwin, R. M. %D 2006 %T The distribution and conservation status of the Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) in North America %B Waterbirds %V 29 %N 3 %P 271-295 %8 Sep %! The distribution and conservation status of the Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) in North America %M VCR20080702_005 %U ://000241041200003 %0 Journal Article %A Moncrief, Nancy D. %A Cockett, N. E. %A Neff, A. D. %A Thomas, W. L. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %D 1997 %T Polymorphic microsatellites in the meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus: Conservation of loci across species of rodents %B Molecular Ecology %V 6 %N 3 %P 299-301 %8 Mar %! Polymorphic microsatellites in the meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus: Conservation of loci across species of rodents %M ISI:A1997WK61700011 %K Microtus, meadow vole, microsatellite, primers %U ://A1997WK61700011 %0 Journal Article %A Moncrief, Nancy D. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %D 1998 %T First record of a masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) on the Eastern Shore of Virginia %B Banisteria %V 12 %P 40-41 %! First record of a masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) on the Eastern Shore of Virginia %J Banisteria %M VCR_10123829_238 %1 Moncrief, N.D. and R.D. Dueser. 1998. First record of a masked shrew (_Sorex_ _cinereus_) on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Banisteria 12:40-41. Notes= submitted by moncrief@wreck.evsc.virginia.edu, Wed Dec 29 EST 1999 End_notes %O submitted by moncrief@wreck.evsc.virginia.edu, Wed Dec 29 EST 1999 %0 Journal Article %A Moncrief, Nancy D. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %D 2001 %T Allozymic variation in the endangered Delmarva fox squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus): Genetics of a translocated population %B American Midland Naturalist %V 146 %N 1 %P 37-42 %8 Jul %! Allozymic variation in the endangered Delmarva fox squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus): Genetics of a translocated population %M ISI:000169313300003 %K conservation %X We examined allozymic variation at 42 loci in a translocated population of the endangered Delmarva fox squirrel, Sciurus niger cinereus, as well as the naturally occurring (source) population from which individuals were obtained to establish it. nle translocated population,vas founded more than 20 y ago by a total of 30 animals introduced directly from the source population and by descendants ft om a previous translocation from the same source population, Genetic variation, as measured by mean heterozygosity, did nor differ significantly between the source and translocated populations. The mean number of alleles per locus was significantly lower in the translocated population relative to the source population. Genetic variation in both S. n. cinereus populations is within the range of values found in other populations of S, niger: Nevertheless, we suggest that the Chincoteague population and other translocated populations of S, n. cinereus be examined periodically (using larger samples sizes, if possible) for losses of genetic variation. Also, additional methods (e.g, analysis of mitochondrial and/or nuclear DNA) should be used to document genetic variation within and among translocated and naturally occurring populations of S. n. cinereus. %U ://000169313300003 %0 Journal Article %A Moncrief, N. D. %A Van den Bussche, R. A. %A Dueser, R. D. %A Loftis, D. %A Cockett, N. E. %A Culver, M. %D 2008 %T Diagnostic genetic marker that differentiates eastern fox squirrels from eastern gray squirrels %B Journal of Wildlife Management %V 72 %N 1 %P 320-323 %8 Jan %! Diagnostic genetic marker that differentiates eastern fox squirrels from eastern gray squirrels %J J. Wildl. Manage. %M VCR20080702_016 %K Delmarva fox squirrel; eastern fox squirrel; eastern gray squirrel; genetic marker; hair traps; noninvasive sampling; Sciurus carolinensis; Sciurus niger cinereus collection; dna %X The Delmarva fox squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus) has been listed as endangered by the United States Department of Interior since 1967. A high-priority task for the recovery of this taxon is to determine its current geographic distribution. Toward this end, we have identified a microsatellite locus that unambiguously differentiates Delmarva fox squirrels from eastern gray squirrels (S. carolinensis), which frequently co-occur with Delmarva fox squirrels. Analysis of this marker in noninvasively collected hair samples will allow unequivocal identification of localities occupied by Delmarva fox squirrels with a minimum investment of funds, time, and effort because handling individuals will be unnecessary. This protocol will expedite site review in connection with the Endangered Species Act consultation process. %U ://000252624700040 %0 Journal Article %A Montaldo, N. %A Albertson, John D. %D 2003 %T Temporal dynamics of soil moisture variability: 2. Implications for land surface models %B Water Resources Research 39:1274 %V 39 %P 1275 %! Temporal dynamics of soil moisture variability: 2. Implications for land surface models %M VCR_200312310011 %O. , doi:10.1029/2002WR001618 %0 Thesis %A Monti, M. %D 1993 %T Distribution, abundance and productivity of intertidal macroalgae on the Eastern Shore of Virginia %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 299-301 %9 MS thesis %! Distribution, abundance and productivity of intertidal macroalgae on the Eastern Shore of Virginia %M VCR_10123829_240 %1 Monti, M. M. 1993. Distribution, abundance and productivity of intertidal macroalgae on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. MS thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Thesis %A Mood, Maria %D 2001 %T Salinity tolerance between brackish and freshwater populations of Phragmites australis in Virginia, USA %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 MS thesis %! Salinity tolerance between brackish and freshwater populations of Phragmites australis in Virginia, USA %M VCR_10123829_34 %1 Mood, M.L. 2001. Salinity tolerance between brackish and freshwater populations of Phragmites australis in Virginia, USA. MS thesis. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA pp. Notes= submitted by dyoung@saturn.vcu.edu, Thu Aug 2 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by dyoung@saturn.vcu.edu, Thu Aug 2 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Moorhead, K. K. %A Brinson, Mark M. %D 1995 %T Response of wetlands to rising sea level in the lower coastal plain of North Carolina %B Ecological Applications %V 5 %P 261-271 %! Response of wetlands to rising sea level in the lower coastal plain of North Carolina %J Ecological Applications %M VCR_10123829_241 %1 Moorhead, K.K. and M.M. Brinson. 1995. Response of wetlands to rising sea level in the lower coastal plain of North Carolina. Ecological Applications 5:26:261-271. %0 Book Section %A Morris, J. T. %A Christian, Robert R. %D 2005 %T Analysis of Size and Complexity of Randomly Constructed Food Webs by Information Theoretic Metrics. %E Belgrano, A. %E Scharler, U. M. %E Dunne, J. %E Ulanowicz, R. E. %B Complexity in Aquatic Food Webs: an Ecosystem Approach. %C Oxford, UK %I Oxford University Press %P 73-85 %! Analysis of Size and Complexity of Randomly Constructed Food Webs by Information Theoretic Metrics. %J Complexity in Aquatic Food Webs: an Ecosystem Approach. %M VCR_05208095817_01 %K food webs; core:Model %O submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu on Thu, 28 Jul 2005 09:58:17 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Thesis %A Mozdzer, Thomas J. %D 2005 %T Utilization of dissolved organic nitrogen by the macrophytes Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis %B Dept. of Environmental Science %C Charlottesville %I University of Virginia %9 M.S. Thesis %! Utilization of dissolved organic nitrogen by the macrophytes Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis %M VCR_0508151751 %K nitrogen; Phragmites; Spartina alterniflora %X Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has been demonstrated as a significant pool of bioavailable nitrogen in many systems ranging from arctic tundra to temperate coastal lagoons. Current understanding is that temperate tidal plants solely utilize the inorganic form of nitrogen. Since DON has been demonstrated to be an important source of nitrogen in other systems, I investigated whether the dominant salt marsh macrophyte Spartina alterniflora, or if the common reed, Phragmites australis, have the ability to assimilate DON directly. %0 Thesis %A Mozdzer, Thomas Jan %D 2009 %T Variation in the availability and utilization of dissolved organic nitrogen by the smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 179 %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Variation in the availability and utilization of dissolved organic nitrogen by the smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora %M VCR20090725_001 %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/mozdzer%20dissertation%20may%202009.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Mozdzer, T.J. %A Hutto, C. J. %A Clarke, P.A. %A Field, D.P. %D 2008 %T Efficacy of imazapyr and glyphosate in the control of non-native Phragmites australis %B Restoration Ecology %V 16 %N 3 %P 221-224 %! Efficacy of imazapyr and glyphosate in the control of non-native Phragmites australis %M VCR090730_001 %O doi:10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00386.x %U http://www.faculty.virginia.edu/mcglathery/Publications/MozdzerEtaL_RestorationEcology2008_Efficacy%20of%20imazapyr%20and%20glyphosate%20in%20the%20control%20of%20non-native%20Phragmites%20australis.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Murray, Laura A. %A Albertson, John D. %D 1998 %T Space-Time Variability of Soil Moisture Along a Small Field Transect %B Transactions of the American Geophysical Union %! Space-Time Variability of Soil Moisture Along a Small Field Transect %M VCR_10123829_242 %1 Murray, L.A., and J.D. Albertson. 1998. Space-Time Variability of Soil Moisture Along a Small Field Transect. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union pp. 1998 Spring Meeting. Notes: submitted by jalbertson, Mon Jul 20 EDT 1998 :: %0 Thesis %A Naumann, Julie %D 2008 %T Linking physiological responses, chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral imagery to detect environmental stress in coastal plants %B Dept. of Biology %C Richmond, Virginia %I Virginia Commonweatlh University %9 Ph.D dissertation %! Linking physiological responses, chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral imagery to detect environmental stress in coastal plants %J Ph.D dissertation %M VCR_08212115616_01 %K location:island core:Primary Productivity core:Disturbance %O submitted by dryoung@vdcu.edu on Thu, 31 Jul 2008 11:56:16 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/NaumannDissertation.pdf %0 Thesis %A Naumann, Julie C. %D 2004 %T Quantifying successional dynamics within the context of a restoration plan for a maritime forest %B Biology %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 M.S. Thesis %! Quantifying successional dynamics within the context of a restoration plan for a maritime forest %M VCR_04228115123_01 %O submitted by dryoung@saturn.vcu.edu on Mon, 16 Aug 2004 11:51:23 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Naumann, Julie C. %A Anderson, John E. %A Young, Donald R. %D 2008 %T Linking physiological responses, chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral imagery to detect salinity stress using the physiological reflectance index in the coastal shrub, Myrica cerifera %B Remote Sensing of Environment %V 112 %N 10 %P 3865-3875 %8 2008/10/15/ %9 doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.004 %! Linking physiological responses, chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral imagery to detect salinity stress using the physiological reflectance index in the coastal shrub, Myrica cerifera %@ 0034-4257 %M VCR20080718_001 %K PRI Chlorophyll fluorescence Photosynthesis Salinity Airborne Hyperspectral reflectance %O TY - JOUR %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V6V-4T4JDNW-1/2/e6dd21c53582ca23f068e2cd2bc6869d %0 Journal Article %A Naumann, Julie C. %A Young, Donald R. %D 2007 %T Relationship between community structure and seed bank to describe successional dynamics of an Atlantic Coast maritime forest %B Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society %V 134 %P 89-98 %! Relationship between community structure and seed bank to describe successional dynamics of an Atlantic Coast maritime forest %J Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society %M VCR_04228115413_01 %K location:mainlandcore:Disturbance %O submitted by dryoung@vcu.edu on Mon, 10 Sep 2007 15:48:11 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Naumann, J. C. %A Young, D. R. %A Anderson, J. E. %D 2007 %T Linking leaf chlorophyll fluorescence properties to physiological responses for detection of salt and drought stress in coastal plant species %B Physiologia Plantarum %V 131 %N 3 %P 422-433 %8 Nov %! Linking leaf chlorophyll fluorescence properties to physiological responses for detection of salt and drought stress in coastal plant species %M VCR_07252034058_01 %K xanthophyll cycle; barrier-island; water-stress; phragmites-australis; stomatal conductance; gas-exchange; photosynthetic characteristics; osmotic adjustment; energy-dissipation; a fluorescence;location:island;core:Primary Productivity;core:Disturbance %X Effects of salinity and drought on physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence were used to evaluate stress in two coastal plants, Myrica cerifera (L.) and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Drought and salinity stress were induced and measurements of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, xylem pressure potential (psi) and fluorescence were conducted following treatment. The onset of stress began at 2 g l(-1) for M. cerifera, and 5 g l(-1) for P. australis, as seen by significant decreases in physiological measurements. Despite the physiological effects of salinity, there was no significant difference in dark-adapted fluorescence (F-v/F-m, where F-m is the maximal fluorescence in dark-adapted leaves) for either species at any salinity level. Significant decreases in the light-adapted measurement Delta F/F'(m) (F'(m) is maximal fluorescence in light-adapted leaves) occurred at 10 g l(-1) in M. cerifera and P. australis, days before visible stress was evident. The quantum yield of xanthophyll-regulated thermal energy dissipation (Phi(NPQ), where NPQ is non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence) increased with decreasing Delta F/F'(m). Drought studies showed similar results, with significant decreases in physiological measurements occurring by day 2 in M. cerifera and day 4 in P. australis. Differences in Delta F/F'(m) were seen by day 5 for both species, whereas F-v/F-m showed no indication of stress, despite apparent visible signs. Xanthophyll-cycle-dependent energy dissipation may be the underlying mechanism in protecting photosystem II from excess energy in salinity- and drought-treated plants. %U ://000249827100007 %0 Journal Article %A Naumann, J. C. %A Young, D. R. %A Anderson, J. E. %D 2008 %T Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, reflectance, and physiological response to freshwater and saltwater flooding in the evergreen shrub, Myrica cerifera %B Environmental and Experimental Botany %V 63 %N 1-3 %P 402-409 %8 May %! Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, reflectance, and physiological response to freshwater and saltwater flooding in the evergreen shrub, Myrica cerifera %M VCR_07252034229_01 %K chlorophyll fluorescence; flooding; salinity; physiological reflectance index; photosynthesis; water relations; stress; Myrica radiation-use-efficiency; xanthophyll cycle; photosystem-ii; barrier-island; steady-state; energy-dissipation; stomatal conductance; spectral reflectance; photon yield; c-3 plants; location:island; core:Primary Productivity; core:Disturbance %X Photosynthesis, water relations, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf reflectance were used to evaluate stress due to freshwater and saltwater flooding in the evergreen coastal shrub, Myrica cerifera, under controlled conditions. M. cerifera forms large monospecific thickets that facilitate scaling up from leaf-level measurements to the landscape. Based on physiological responses, stress began by day 3 in flooded plants treated with 5, 10, and 15 g L-1 salinity, as seen by significant decreases in stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis relative to control plants. Decreases in physiological measurements occurred by day 9 in freshwater flooded plants. Visible signs of stress occurred by day 5 for plants treated with 15 gL(-1), day 8 for flooded plants exposed to 10 gL(-1), and day 10 for those treated with 5 gL(-1) salinity. Significant differences in light-adapted fluorescence yield (Delta F/F-m') were observed by day 3 in plants flooded with 5, 10, and 15 gL(-1) salinity and day 6 in freshwater flooded plants. Non-photochemical quenching (Phi(NPQ)) increased with decreasing Delta F/F-m'. In comparison, statistical differences in dark-adapted fluorescence yield (F-v/F-m) were observed by day 12 in plants flooded with 5, 10, and 15 g L-1 salinity, well after visible signs of stress were apparent. Fluorescence parameters were successful at detecting and distinguishing both freshwater and saltwater flooding stress. A positive, linear correlation (r(2) = 0.80) was observed between Delta F/F-m' and the physiological reflectance index (PRI). Xanthophyll-cycle dependent energy dissipation appears to be the underlying mechanism in protecting photosystem II from excess energy in saltwater flooded plants. Delta F/F-m' was useful in detecting stress-induced changes in the photosystem before any visible signs of damage were evident at the leaf-level. This parameter may be linked to hyperspectral reflectance data for rapid detection of stress at the canopy-level. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. %U ://000254671700045 %0 Journal Article %A Naumann, J.D. %A Anderson, D.R. %A Young, D.R. %D 2009 %T Spatial variations in salinity stress across a coastal landscape using vegetation indices derived from hyperspectral imagery %B Plant Ecology %V 202 %P 285-297 %! Spatial variations in salinity stress across a coastal landscape using vegetation indices derived from hyperspectral imagery %M VCR20080718_002 %0 Thesis %A Neikirk, B. %D 1996 %T Exchanges of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon between salt marsh sediments and overlying tidal water %I Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary %9 M.S. Thesis %! Exchanges of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon between salt marsh sediments and overlying tidal water %M VCR_10123829_243 %1 Neikirk, B. B. 1996. Exchanges of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon between salt marsh sediments and overlying tidal water. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary pp. Keywords:DIN, DOC, Spartina alterniflora:: Notes: submitted by ianderson, Mon Jun 9 EDT 1997 :: %K DIN DOC Spartina alterniflora %0 Thesis %A Neubauer, Scott C. %D 2000 %T Carbon dynamics in a tidal freshwater marsh %C Williamsburg, VA %I College of William and Mary %9 Ph.D dissertation %! Carbon dynamics in a tidal freshwater marsh %M VCR_10123829_37 %1 Neubauer, S.C. 2000. Carbon dynamics in a tidal freshwater marsh. Ph.D dissertation, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA pp. Notes= submitted by iris@vims.edu, Fri Apr 13 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by iris@vims.edu, Fri Apr 13 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Neubauer, Scott C. %A Anderson, Iris %A Constantine, J. A. %A Kuehl, S. A. %D 2002 %T Sediment deposition and accretion in a mid-Atlantic (U.S.A) tidal freshwater marsh %B Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science %V 54 %P 713-727 %! Sediment deposition and accretion in a mid-Atlantic (U.S.A) tidal freshwater marsh %M VCR_10123829_36 %1 Neubauer, S. C., I.C. Anderson, J.A. Constantine, and S.A. Kuehl. in press. Sediment deposition and accretion in a mid-Atlantic (U.S.A) tidal freshwater marsh. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science Notes= submitted by iris@vims.edu, Thu Aug 2 EDT 2001 End_notes %0 Journal Article %A Neubauer, S. C. %A Anderson, I. C. %A Neikirk, B. B. %D 2005 %T Nitrogen cycling and ecosystem exchanges in a Virginia tidal freshwater marsh. %B Estuaries %V 28 %P 909-922 %! Nitrogen cycling and ecosystem exchanges in a Virginia tidal freshwater marsh. %J Estuaries %M VCR_08195023553_01 %K nitrogen cycling tidal freshwater marsh mineralization nitrification denitrification. primary production core:Nutrient Cycling %X Tidal freshwater marshes are diverse habitats that differ both within and between marshes in terms of plant community composition, sediment type, marsh elevation, and nutrient status. Because our knowledge of the nitrogen (N) biogeochemistry of tidal freshwater systems is limited, it is difficult to assess how these marshes will respond to long-term progressive nutrient loading due to watershed development and urbanization. We present a process-based mass balance model of N cycling in Sweet Hall marsh, a pristine (i.e., low nutrient) Peltandra virginica-Pontederia cordata dominated tidal freshwater marsh in the York River estuary, Virginia. The model, which was based on a combination of field and literature data, revealed that N cycling in the system was largely conservative. The mineralization of organic N to NH4+ provided almost twice as much inorganic N as was needed to support marsh macrophyte and benthic microalgal primary production. Efficient utilization of porewater NH4+ by nitrifiers and other microbes resulted in low rates of tidal NH4+ export from the marsh and little accumulation of NH4+ in marsh porewaters. Inputs of N from the estuary and atmosphere were not critical in supporting marsh primary production, and served to balance N losses due to denitrification and burial. A comparison of these results with the literature suggests that the relative importance of tidal freshwater marsh N cycling processes, including plant productivity, organic matter mineralization, microbial immobilization, and coupled nitrification-denitrification, are largely independent of small changes in water column N loading. Although very high (millimolar) concentrations of dissolved inorganic N can affect processes including denitrification and plant productivity, the factors that cause the switch from efficient N recycling to a more open N cycle have not yet been identified %O submitted by iris@vims.edu on Mon, 14 Jul 2008 14:35:53 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Neubauer, Scott C. %A Miller, W D. %A Anderson, Iris %D 2000 %T Carbon cycling in a tidal freshwater marsh ecosystem: a carbon gas flux study %B Marine Ecology Progress Series %V 199 %P 13-30 %! Carbon cycling in a tidal freshwater marsh ecosystem: a carbon gas flux study %J Marine Ecology Progress Series %M VCR_10123829_38 %1 Neubauer, S.C., W.D. Miller and I.C. Anderson. 2000. Carbon cycling in a tidal freshwater marsh ecosystem: a carbon gas flux study. Marine Ecology Progress Series 199:13-30. Keywords=Peltandra virginica, macrophyte and microalgal productivity, carbon dioxide, methane, belowground respiration, translocation End_keywords Abstract=A process-based carbon gas flux model was developed to calculate total macrophyte and microalgal production, and community and belowground respiration for a Peltandra virginica dominated tidal freshwater marsh in Virginia. The model was based on measured field fluxes of CO2 and CH4, scaled to monthly and annual rates using empirically derived photosynthesis vs. irradiance and respiration vs. temperature relationships. Because the gas exchange technique measures whole system gas fluxes and therefore includes turnover and seasonal translocation, estimates of total macrophyte production will be more accurate than those calculated from biomass harvests. One limitation of the gas flux method is that gaseous carbon fluxes out of the sediment may underestimate true belowground respiration if sediment-produced gases are transported through plant tissues to the atmosphere. Therefore we measured gross nitrogen mineralization (converted to carbon units using sediment C/N ratios and estimates of bacterial growth efficiency) as a proxy for belowground carbon respiration. We estimated a total net macrophyte production of 536-715 g C m-2 yr-1, with an additional 59 g C m-2 yr-1 fixed by sediment microalgae. Belowground respiration calculated from nitrogen mineralization was estimated to range from 516-723 g C m-2 yr-1 versus 75 g C m-2 yr-1 measured directly with sediment chambers. Methane flux (72 g C m-2 yr-1) accounted for 11-13% of total belowground respiration. Gas flux results were combined with biomass harvest and literature data to create a conceptual mass balance model of macrophyte-influenced carbon cycling. Spring and autumn translocation and re-translocation are critical in controlling observed seasonal patterns of above and belowground biomass accumulation. Annually, a total of 270-477 g C m-2 of macrophyte tissue is available for deposition on the marsh surface as detritus or export from the marsh as particulate or dissolved carbon. End_abstract Notes= submitted by iris@vims.edu, Fri Apr 13 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by iris@vims.edu, Fri Apr 13 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Newell, S. Y. %A Blum, Linda K. %A Crawford, R. E. %A Dai, T. %A Dionne, M. %D 2000 %T Autumnal biomass and potential productivity of salt marsh fungi from 29 degrees to 43 degrees North latitude along the United States Atlantic coast %B Applied and Environmental Microbiology %V 66 %N 1 %P 180-185 %8 Jan %! Autumnal biomass and potential productivity of salt marsh fungi from 29 degrees to 43 degrees North latitude along the United States Atlantic coast %J Appl. Environ. Microbiol. %M ISI:000084585800027 %K macrophyte juncus-effusus; spartina-alterniflora; smooth cordgrass; leaf-litter; plant-material; waquoit bay; decomposition; nitrogen; assemblages; dynamics %X It has been established that substantial amounts of fungal mass accumulate in standing decaying smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) marshes in the southeastern United States (e.g., in standing decaying leaf blades with a total fungal organic mass that accounts for about 20% of the decay system organic mass), but it has been hypothesized that in marshes farther north this is not true. We obtained samples of autumnal standing decaying smooth cordgrass from sites in Florida to Maine over a 3-year period. The variation in latitude could not explain any of the variation in the living fungal standing crop las determined by ergosterol content) or in the instantaneous rates of fungal growth las determined by acetate incorporation into ergosterol at a standard temperature, 20 degrees C), which led to the conclusion that the potential levels of fungal production per unit of naturally decaying grass are not different in northern and southern marshes. Twenty-one percent of the: variation in the size of the living fungal standing crop could be explained by variation in the CIN ratio (the higher the CIN ratio the smaller the fungal crop), but the C/P ratio was not related to the size of the fungal crop. Instantaneous rates of fungal growth were negatively related to the size of the living fungal crop (r = -0.35). but these rates were not correlated with C/nutrient ratios. The same two predominant species of ascomycetes tone Phaeosphaeria species and one Mycosphaerella species) were found ejecting ascospores from standing decaying smooth cordgrass blades at all of the sites examined from Florida to Maine. %O Article 271GL APPL ENVIRON MICROBIOL %U ://000084585800027 %0 Journal Article %A Nuttle, W. K. %A Hemond, H. F. %D 1994 %T Salt marsh hydrology: implications for biogeochemical fluxes to the atmosphere and estuaries %B Global Biogeochem. Cycles %! Salt marsh hydrology: implications for biogeochemical fluxes to the atmosphere and estuaries %M VCR_10123829_244 %1 Nuttle, W.K. and H.F. Hemond 1994. Salt marsh hydrology: implications for biogeochemical fluxes to the atmosphere and estuaries. Global Biogeochem. Cycles. In Press. %0 Journal Article %A O'Brien, S. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1992 %T Global climate change, hurricanes and a tropical rain forest %B Climate Change %V 22 %P 175-190 %! Global climate change, hurricanes and a tropical rain forest %J Climate Change %M VCR_10123829_245 %1 O'Brien, S., B.P. Hayden and H.H. Shugart 1992. Global climate change, hurricanes and a tropical rain forest. Climate Change 22:175-190. %0 Thesis %A O'Connell, Michael John %D 2009 %T Ecohydrology of Delmarva Peninsula barrier island forests and the application of lidar to measure and monitor forest structure %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 204 %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Ecohydrology of Delmarva Peninsula barrier island forests and the application of lidar to measure and monitor forest structure %M VCR20090527001 %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/oconnell2009.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Odum, W. E. %D 1988 %T Comparative Ecology of Tidal Freshwater and Salt Marshes %B Ann. Rev. Ecol. Systematics %V 19 %P 147-176 %! Comparative Ecology of Tidal Freshwater and Salt Marshes %J Ann. Rev. Ecol. Systematics %M VCR_10123829_246 %1 Odum, W.E. 1988. Comparative Ecology of Tidal Freshwater and Salt Marshes. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Systematics 19:147-176. %0 Journal Article %A Odum, W. E. %D 1988 %T Non-tidal Freshwater Wetland in Virginia %B Va. J. Nat. Res. Law %V 7 %P 421-434 %! Non-tidal Freshwater Wetland in Virginia %J Va. J. Nat. Res. Law %M VCR_10123829_247 %1 Odum, W.E. 1988. Non-tidal Freshwater Wetland in Virginia. Va. J. Nat. Res. Law 7:421-434. %0 Journal Article %A Odum, W. E. %A Harvey, J. W. %D 1988 %T Barrier Island Interdunal Freshwater Wetlands %B ASB Bulletin %V 35 %P 149-155 %! Barrier Island Interdunal Freshwater Wetlands %J ASB Bulletin %M VCR_10123829_249 %1 Odum, W.E., J.W. Harvey. 1988. Barrier Island Interdunal Freshwater Wetlands. ASB Bulletin 35:149-155. %0 Book Section %A Odum, W. E. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1991 %T Virginia Coast Reserve %B Long-Term Ecological Research in the United States %C Seattle, WA %I LTER Network Office %V 11 %P 158-165 %! Virginia Coast Reserve %M VCR_10123829_248 %1 Odum, W.E., B.P. Hayden. 1991. Virginia Coast Reserve, p. 158-165. In Long-Term Ecological Research in the United States. LTER Publication No. 11. Network Office, Seattle, Wa. %0 Book Section %A Odum, W. E. %A Hoover, J. K. %D 1987 %T A comparison of vascular plant communities in tidal freshwater and salt water marshes %E Hook, D. D. %E al., et %B Ecology and management of wetlands %C London %I Cromm Helm %P 526-534 %! A comparison of vascular plant communities in tidal freshwater and salt water marshes %M VCR_10123829_250 %1 Odum,W.E., J.K. Hoover. 1987. A comparison of vascular plant communities in tidal freshwater and salt water marshes, p. 526-534. In D.D. Hook et al. (eds.), Ecology and management of wetlands. London. Cromm Helm. %0 Report %A Oertel, George F. %D 1992 %T Paleographic and Morphostratigraphic Studies at the Barrier Island Long-Term Ecological Research Site %! Paleographic and Morphostratigraphic Studies at the Barrier Island Long-Term Ecological Research Site %M VCR_10123829_251 %1 Oertel, G.F. 1992. Paleographic and Morphostratigraphic Studies at the Barrier Island Long-Term Ecological Research Site. (Published Abstract) %0 Book Section %A Oertel, George F. %D 2000 %T Lagoons %E Hancock, Paul L. %E Skinner, Brian J. %B Companion to the Earth %C New York %I Oxford Press %P 582-583 %! Lagoons %M VCR_10123829_254 %1 Oertel, G.F., in press. Lagoons. In: Companion to the Earth, Oxford Press. %K core:Site Characteristics %O ISBN: 0198540396 %0 Journal Article %A Oertel, George F. %D 2001 %T Hypsographic, hydro-hypsographic and hydrological analysis of coastal bay environments, Great Machipongo Bay, Virginia %B Journal of Coastal Research %V 17 %N 4 %P 775-783 %8 Fal %! Hypsographic, hydro-hypsographic and hydrological analysis of coastal bay environments, Great Machipongo Bay, Virginia %J J. Coast. Res. %M ISI:000172520100001 %K hypsography; coastal lagoon; flushing; benthic environments systems; basin %X The Delmarva Peninsula is located on the mid Atlantic Coast Plain of the United States. The Atlantic coast of the Delmarva Peninsula is a typical coastal compartment with five landscape elements described by OERTEL and KRAFT (1994). Behind each element are coastal lagoons and bays with rich benthic and aquatic ecosystems. Environmental quality of these systems is strongly dependent on the exchange of water over benthic subenvironments of the bay floors. Hypsometric analysis of drainage basins is an organizational tool that may be used for quantifying the relative distribution of drainage-surface areas at different elevations. Hydro-hypsographic curves may be used to show the relative distribution of benthic-surface area at different depths. Depth variations among subenvironments are linked to the complex hypsometric characteristics that have resulted from the transgressive reworking of relict antecedent surfaces. Very shallow areas provide optimal sites for wetland colonization. Hypsographic curves of the Great Machipongo lagoon show that about 30% of the basin is colonized by marsh. Almost 50% of the benthic-surface area has potential for colonization by submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). However, turbidity caused by currents and bay waves limits light for primary production. Since basin topography is quite variable along the mid Atlantic coast, sea-level rise and hydro- hypsography may have a stronger influence on wetland decline ("health") than anthropogenic stresses. The exchange of water between bays and the coastal ocean is-related to the hypsographic characteristics of the tidal prism and the whole basin prism (volume hypsography). The volume-hypsograph of the Great Machipongo lagoon illustrates that the tidal prism accounts for 54% of the lagoonal prism. The relatively rapid hydraulic turn-over time for the lagoon may be an end-member for a suite of hypsographic curves from well-flushed lagoons to poorly flushed lagoons. %O Article 498PP J COASTAL RES %U ://000172520100001 %0 Book Section %A Oertel, George F. %D 2005 %T Coastal Lakes and Lagoons %E Schwartz, Murray %B Encyclopedia of Coastal Science %C Dordrecht %I Kluwer Academic %S Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences %! Coastal Lakes and Lagoons %M VCR_200512310012 %0 Journal Article %A Oertel, G. F. %A Allen, T.R. %A Foyle, A.M. %D 2007 %T The influence of drainage hierarchy on pathways of barrier retreat: An example from Chincoteague Bight, Virginia, U.S.A. %B Southeastern Geology %V 45 %P 179-201 %! The influence of drainage hierarchy on pathways of barrier retreat: An example from Chincoteague Bight, Virginia, U.S.A. %M VCR20080905_001 %0 Book Section %A Oertel, George F. %A Culver, S. J. %A Woo, H. J. %D 1996 %T Benthic Foraminiferal communities of a barrier-lagoon system, Virginia %E Flint, R. W. %B Natural Resource Values and Vulnerabilities; Proceedings the second Virginia Eastern Shore Natural Resources Symposium %C Exmore, VA %I The Eastern Shore Institute %P 98-100 %! Benthic Foraminiferal communities of a barrier-lagoon system, Virginia %M VCR_10123829_256 %1 Oertel, G.F., Culver, S.J., and Woo, H.J. 1996. Benthic Foraminiferal communities of a barrier-lagoon system, Virginia. Pages 98-100 in Flint, R.W. Natural Resource Values and Vulnerabilities\; Proceedings the second Virginia Eastern Shore Natural Resources Symposium. The Eastern Shore Institute, Exmore, VA, . Keywords:lagoon, foraminifera:: Notes: submitted by goertel, Wed Jun 11 EDT 1997 :: %K lagoon foraminifera %0 Journal Article %A Oertel, George F. %A Foyle, A. M. %D 1995 %T Drainage Displacement by Sea-Level Fluctuation at the Outer Margin of the Chesapeake Seaway %B Journal of Coastal Research %V 11 %N 3 %P 583-604 %8 Sum %! Drainage Displacement by Sea-Level Fluctuation at the Outer Margin of the Chesapeake Seaway %J J. Coast. Res. %M ISI:A1995RN67000004 %K paleochannels; quaternary stratigraphy; seismic stratigraphy; chesapeake bay; susquehanna river; channel migration southern delmarva peninsula; atlantic coastal-plain; united- states; virginia; bay; evolution; estuary; record %X The trace of the ancestral Susquehanna River across the modern coastline has been displaced over 40 km southward since the middle Pleistocene. High-resolution seismic reflection data from the inner shelf suggest that submerged-channel fill is responsible for at least three ''time-lagged'' channel shifting events during regressive parts of Pleistocene eustatic cycles. Traditional models for tidal-inlet shift are dependent on migrating spit platforms that progressively fill a portion of the updrift side of a channel and directly force excavation of an equivalent portion of material from the downdrift side. Channel migration results in a continuous broad channel-scar representing the integrated positions of channels at time scales of 10(0) to 10(2) years. Seismic data adjacent to the southern Delmarva Peninsula illustrate four separate Pleistocene lowstand pathways for the ancestral Susquehanna River. Although regional spits have migrated between these pathways, there is no evidence of continuous channel migration between the channel traces. The mechanism for channel shifting was glacio-eustatically controlled, and occurred at time intervals of 10(5) years. Channel shifting was operative during early regression when fluvial channels were not confined to their previous antecedent lowstand channels and jumped laterally to new locations. Time-lagged channel shifts are indirectly forced by spit growth during major highstand events and widespread regional flooding. During these events, the ancestral Susquehanna River was no longer confined to its fluvial valley but spread into broad ancestral Chesapeake Bays formed in the dreamed Chesapeake Basin. Estuarine sediments, migrating spit platforms, and bay-entrance shoals filled the drowned fluvial channels in the seaward parts of the ancestral bays. During subsequent regressions, the bays shrunk and the flow of the ancestral Susquehanna River jumped to adjacent tidal-flushed pathways and subsequently drained to the shelf edge. During late Pliocene and early Pleistocene lowstands, at least six major rivers drained across the Chesapeake Basin. Time-lagged channel shifts and stream captures have progressively reduced the number of drainways leaving the basin. During the most recent Stage 2 lowstand, only two or possibly three drainways may have crossed the entrance of the Chesapeake Basin. %O Article RN670 J COASTAL RES %U ://A1995RN67000004 %0 Journal Article %A Oertel, George F. %A Kearney, M. S. %A Leatherman, S. P. %A Woo, H. J. %D 1989 %T Anatomy of a Barrier Platform - Outer Barrier Lagoon, Southern Delmarva-Peninsula, Virginia %B Marine Geology %V 88 %N 3-4 %P 303-318 %8 Aug %! Anatomy of a Barrier Platform - Outer Barrier Lagoon, Southern Delmarva-Peninsula, Virginia %J Mar. Geol. %M ISI:A1989AP81500008 %O Article AP815 MAR GEOLOGY %U ://A1989AP81500008 %0 Book Section %A Oertel, George F. %A Kraft, J. %D 1994 %T New Jersey and Delmarva barrier islands %E Davis, R. A. %B Geology of Barrier Islands %C Heidelberg, Germany. %I Springer-Verlag %P 207-226. %! New Jersey and Delmarva barrier islands %M VCR_10123829_263 %1 Oertel, G.F., and Kraft, J. C., 1994, New Jersey and Delmarva barrier islands. In Davis, R.A. (editor) Geology of Barrier Islands, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany. pp. 207-226. %0 Book Section %A Oertel, George F. %A Kraft, J. C. %A Kearnery, M. S. %A Woo, H. J. %D 1992 %T A rational theory for barrier lagoon development %E I. I.I, H. Fletcher %E Wehmiller, John F. %B SEPM Special Publication #48. Quaternary Coasts of the United States: Marine and Lacustrine Systems %I SEPM %! A rational theory for barrier lagoon development %M VCR_10123829_258 %1 Oertel, G.F., J.C. Kraft, M.S. Kearnery and H.J. Woo 1993. A rational theory for barrier lagoon development. SEPM: Special Publication #48. Quaternary Coasts of the United States: Marine and Lacustrine Systems. %0 Book Section %A Oertel, George F. %A Ludwick, J. C. %A Oertel, D. L.S. %D 1989 %T Standardization of the Volume-Change Element of Barrier Island Sediment Budget Analysis %E Stumble, D. %B Barrier Islands, Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. %I ASCE %P 43-61 %! Standardization of the Volume-Change Element of Barrier Island Sediment Budget Analysis %M VCR_10123829_259 %1 Oertel, G.F., J.C. Ludwick, D.L.S. Oertel. 1989. Standardization of the Volume-Change Element of Barrier Island Sediment Budget Analysis, p. 43-61. In D. Stumble (ed.). Barrier Islands, Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, ASCE. %0 Journal Article %A Oertel, George F. %A Overman, Kathleen M. %D 2004 %T Sequence morphodynamics at an emergent barrier island, middle Atlantic coast of North America %B Geomorphology %V 58 %N 1-4 %P 67-83 %8 Mar 1 %! Sequence morphodynamics at an emergent barrier island, middle Atlantic coast of North America %M ISI:000220353100004 %K barrier islands; beach ridges; hammocks; shore progradation; middle Atlantic coast; North America chesapeake-bay; delmarva peninsula; virginia; patterns; estuary; usa; system; shelf %X The southern Delmarva Peninsula is located along the middle Atlantic Coastal Plain of the United States. The axial highland of the peninsula formed in four stages of Pleistocene spit progradation. The landward shoreline of the peninsula is on the Chesapeake Bay. The seaside shoreline of the peninsula is on the Atlantic Ocean. The coast of the peninsula is composed of five landscape sections described as a headland, a left-hand spit, a right-hand spit, a wave-dominated barrier island, and tide-dominated barrier islands. Fisherman Island is a barrier island located at the southern end of the southern Delmarva Peninsula. The landscape features on Fisherman Island do not illustrate a direct linkage to (1) the sediment dispersion from the Delaware headland or (2) the influence of local antecedent topography. The island has a bipolar progradational history that is normal to the axis of the southerly sediment dispersion pattern from the Delmarva headlands. During the late Holocene, sea-level rise flooded the low-elevation land at the distal end of the southern Delmarva Peninsula. The submerged area formed a shallow platform in the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay. Two sediment dispersion tracts affected the development of this area. On the ocean side of the peninsula, sediment moved southward along the lower shoreface to the Chesapeake Bay entrance. On the west side of the peninsula, southerly moving bay currents also dispersed sediment to the entrance of the bay. The two tracts converged on the northern side of the bay entrance forming a broad sand shoal. Wave diffraction and refraction around the margins of the shoal "swept" sediment into linear sand bars that migrated back toward the peninsula. By the middle of the 19th century, the fusion of sand bars on the shoal surface produced a permanent nucleus for island development. Wave refraction caused wave crests to "wrap around" the island core producing separate easterly and westerly components of shore aggradation. The westerly aggradational history is recorded in closely spaced sets of beach ridges. The easterly aggradational history is recorded in broadly spaced hammocks. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. %U ://000220353100004 %0 Journal Article %A Oertel, George F. %A Overman, Kathleen M. %A Allen, Thomas R. %D in press %T Digital procedure for hypsographic analysis of coastal lagoon environments %! Digital procedure for hypsographic analysis of coastal lagoon environments %M VCR_10123829_261 %1 Oertel, G.F., Overman, K. Allen, T. and Carlson, R. in press. Digital procedure for hypsographic analysis of coastal lagoon environments ???? %0 Book Section %A Oertel, George F. %A Porter, John H. %A Richardson, David L. %D 1996 %T The effects of hypsometry on lagoon dynamics and ecosystems. %E Flint, R. W. %B Natural Resource Values and Vulnerabilities. Proceedings Second Virginia Eastern Shore Natural Resources Symposium. %C Exmore, VA %I The Eastern Shore Institute %P 55-57 %! The effects of hypsometry on lagoon dynamics and ecosystems. %M VCR_10123829_262 %1 Oertel, G.F., Porter, J.H. and Richardson, D.L. 1996. The effects of hypsometry on lagoon dynamics and ecosystems. Natural Resource Values and Vulnerabilities. Proceedings Second Virginia Eastern Shore Natural Resources Symposium. The Eastern Shore Institute, Exmore, VA pp. 55-57. Keywords:lagoon, hypsometry:: Notes: submitted by goertel, Tue Jun 10 EDT 1997 :: %0 Journal Article %A Oertel, George F. %A Wong, G. T.F. %A Conway, J. D. %D 1989 %T Sediment Accumulation at a Fringe Marsh during Transgression, Oyster, Virginia %B Estuaries %V 12 %P 18-26 %! Sediment Accumulation at a Fringe Marsh during Transgression, Oyster, Virginia %J Estuaries %M VCR_10123829_257 %1 Oertel, G.F., G.T.F. Wong, J.D. Conway. 1989. Sediment Accumulation at a Fringe Marsh during Transgression, Oyster, Virginia. Estuaries 12:18-26. %0 Journal Article %A Oertel, George F. %A Woo, H. J. %D 1994 %T Landscape Classification and Terminology for Marsh in Deficit Coastal Lagoons %B Journal of Coastal Research %V 10 %N 4 %P 919-932 %8 Fal %! Landscape Classification and Terminology for Marsh in Deficit Coastal Lagoons %J J. Coast. Res. %M ISI:A1994PJ19000010 %K coastal barriers; sea-level change; coastal marsh; barrier island; storm surge; beach ridge; delta southern delmarva-peninsula; sediment accumulation; eastern shore; virginia; island; evolution; geology; systems; basin; inlet %X Marsh development in coastal barrier lagoons is governed by sea-level fluctuation, sediment input and the antecedent character of the lagoon Boor. Shores associated with the mainland and barrier island provide a variety of different platforms for marsh colonization. During the Holocene transgression, low marshes along the basin boundaries tended to he submerged into the lagoonal bays, whereas high marshes tended to spread over newly inundated surfaces. Along the mainland side of lagoons, the distribution of fringe-marshes is primarily related to the complexity of terrestrial topography. When mainland boundaries are relict beaches, then mainland fringe-marshes tend to be linear and coast parallel. However, when the mainland shores form over mature drainage topography, serrated shorelines are produced with a variety of different marsh patterns. The degree of wave-exposure and variations in sedimentation rate produce different environments for marsh colonizations. The main marsh sites along the mainland are in stream valleys, on interfluves, at headlands, around hammocks and on intertidal islands. Maintenance of marshes is related to the relative rate of sea-level rise with respect to the rate of sediment accumulation on marsh surfaces. The configurations of marshes in the centers of lagoons are primarily dependent on the submergence of locally high topographies and the degree to which sedimentation is able to offset submergence. Fringe marshes along the backbarrier side of barrier islands are less dependent on antecedent topography. Cross-island sediment transfer is the main process providing platforms suitable for marsh colonization. The main sites for backbarrier marsh colonization are on washover fans, storm-surge platforms, swales between beach ridges, intertidal portions of flood deltas and antecedent highs. %O Article PJ190 J COASTAL RES %U ://A1994PJ19000010 %0 Book Section %A Oertel, George F. %A Woo, H. J. %A Kearney, M. S. %A Foyle, A. M. %D 1994 %T Regressive to transgressive Quaternary deposits in a Delmarva coastal lagoon, Hog Island Bay, Virginia %B A.A.P.G. Eastern Section Volume. %C Charlottesville, Virginia %I Virginia Division of Mineral Resources %V Publication 132 %P 57-61 %! Regressive to transgressive Quaternary deposits in a Delmarva coastal lagoon, Hog Island Bay, Virginia %M VCR_10123829_265 %1 Oertel, G.F., and Woo, H.J., Kearney, M.S., and Foyle, A.M., 1994, Regressive to transgressive Quaternary deposits in a Delmarva coastal lagoon, Hog Island Bay, Virginia. A.A.P.G. Eastern Section Volume. Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 132. Charlottesville, Virginia. pp. 57-61. %0 Book Section %A Ogram, A. %A Bridgham, S. %A Corstanje, R. %A Drake, H. %A Küsel, K. %A Mills, Aaron %A Newman, S. %A Portier, K. %A Wetzel, R. %D 2006 %T Linkages between microbial diversity and biogeochemical processes across scales. %E Bobbink, R., Beltman, B., Verhoeven, J.T.A., Whigham, D.F. %B Wetlands as a Natural Resource. Volume 2: Wetlands: functioning, biodiversity, conservation, and restoration %I Springer %P 239-269 %S Ecological Studies 190 %! Linkages between microbial diversity and biogeochemical processes across scales. %M ISBN_3-540-33188-3 %0 Journal Article %A Olson, R. J. %A Briggs, J. M. %A Porter, John H. %A Mah, G. R. %A Stafford, S. G. %D 1999 %T Managing data from multiple disciplines, scales, and sites to support synthesis and modeling %B Remote Sensing of Environment %V 70 %N 1 %P 99-107 %8 Oct %! Managing data from multiple disciplines, scales, and sites to support synthesis and modeling %J Remote Sens. Environ. %M ISI:000082884500008 %K information %X The synthesis and modeling of ecological processes at multiple spatial and temporal scales involves bringing together and sharing data from numerous soul-ces. This article describes a data and information system model that facilitates assembling, managing, and sharing diverse data from multiple disciplines, scales, and sites to support. integrated ecological studies. Cross-site scientific-domain working groups coordinate the development of data associated with their particular scientific working group, including decisions about data requirements, data to be compiled data formats, derived data products, and schedules across the sites. The Web-based data and information system consists of nodes for each working group plus a central node that provides data access, project information data query, and other functionality. The approach incorporates scientists and computer experts in the working groups and provides incentives for individuals to submit documented data to the data and information system. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. %O Article 241LJ REMOTE SENS ENVIRON %U ://000082884500008 %0 Thesis %A Osgood, David T. %D 1991 %T Factors Controlling Production and Tissue Element Composition in Naturally Developing Spartina alterniflora Barrier Island Marshes %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %9 MS Thesis %! Factors Controlling Production and Tissue Element Composition in Naturally Developing Spartina alterniflora Barrier Island Marshes %M VCR_10123829_267 %1 Osgood, D. 1991. Factors Controlling Production and Tissue Element Composition in Naturally Developing Spartina alterniflora Barrier Island Marshes. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Thesis %A Osgood, David T. %D 1996 %T Vegetation patterns and nutrient dynamics in naturally developing barrier island marshes %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 271-283 %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Vegetation patterns and nutrient dynamics in naturally developing barrier island marshes %M VCR_10123829_269 %1 Osgood, D.T. 1996. Vegetation patterns and nutrient dynamics in naturally developing barrier island marshes. Ph.D Dissertation. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. Advisor: J. Zieman %0 Journal Article %A Osgood, David T. %A Santos, Mcfv %A Zieman, Joseph C. %D 1995 %T Sediment Physico-Chemistry Associated with Natural Marsh Development on a Storm-Deposited Sand Flat %B Marine Ecology-Progress Series %V 120 %N 1-3 %P 271-283 %8 Apr %! Sediment Physico-Chemistry Associated with Natural Marsh Development on a Storm-Deposited Sand Flat %J Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. %M ISI:A1995QY53700027 %K salt marsh; succession; nutrients; barrier islands england salt-marsh; spartina-alterniflora; organic-carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; water; nutrients; ecosystem; kinetics; oxygen %X Intertidal sediment physico-chemistry was compared at 2 naturally developing barrier island marshes in Virginia, USA. One site was located on the intertidal portion of a sand flat, deposited during a coastal storm in October 1991. The other site was an undisturbed, fringing marsh aged at 14 to 16 yr, Three sampling stations were established at equivalent elevations at both sites. At the marsh site, these sampling stations represented tall and short forms of Spartina alterniflora (low and intermediate elevation stations) and a high marsh zone of mostly Spartina patens (high elevation station). At both sites, sediment across the intertidal zone was characterized by <1.5% organic matter and >90% sand. Relative to the marsh site, the sand flat site had significantly higher pore water salinity and redox potential at the upper elevation stations, higher pH at all stations, and lower hydrogen sulfide at the 2 lower elevation stations. Organically bound nutrients generally were higher in the root zone of the marsh site, but inorganic nutrients were an order of magnitude higher at the low elevation station of the sand flat compared to all stations at the marsh site. The higher concentration of nutrients at the sand flat site may arise from a nutrient-sich mud flat buried during the storm event. This high concentration of nutrients could serve as an external nutrient source to the root zone of the developing marsh and may also lead to a net export of inorganic nutrients to the flooding tidal water. A predictable zonation of intertidal vegetation on the sand flat should exist given the present patterns in sediment physico-chemistry. Based on nutrient standing stocks, the most favorable growing conditions for S. alterniflora exist at the low elevation station of the sand flat, where the tall form of this species is expected to dominate. The short form of S, alterniflora is expected to colonize the intermediate elevation station. A mixed community of species (S, patens, Distichlis spicata) probably will develop at the high elevation station, where the sediment is most oxidized. Vegetation zonation at the marsh site was not readily explained by patterns in sediment physico-chemistry measured in this study. Current research by the authors indicates that nutrient dynamics, controlled by subsurface hydrology, dictates nutrient supply at the marsh site and leads to a higher exposure to nutrients in the root zone of the tall form of S. alterniflora. The present study represents one of few involving measurements of sediment physico-chemistry in naturally developing marshes during the initial stages of development. %O QY537 MAR ECOL-PROGR SER %U ://A1995QY53700027 %0 Journal Article %A Osgood, David T. %A Zieman, Joseph C. %D 1993 %T Factors Controlling Aboveground Spartina-Alterniflora (Smooth Cordgrass) Tissue Element Composition and Production in Different-Age Barrier-Island Marshes %B Estuaries %V 16 %N 4 %P 815-826 %8 Dec %! Factors Controlling Aboveground Spartina-Alterniflora (Smooth Cordgrass) Tissue Element Composition and Production in Different-Age Barrier-Island Marshes %J Estuaries %M ISI:A1993MW14700013 %K salt-marsh; nutrient limitation; north-carolina; nitrogen; growth; phosphorus; salinity; loisel; oxidation; responses %X Aboveground production and tissue element composition of Spartina alterniflora were compared in barrier island marshes of different age off the Eastern Shore of Virginia. The marshes were also characterized by physical and chemical parameters of the substrate. The results suggest that sediment nutrient stocks do not directly control the spatial pattern of element content or production of S. alterniflora between these marshes. Elevated salinity likely limits the nitrogen uptake capability of S. alterniflora in the high marsh, which, in turn, controls leaf tissue nitrogen content of plants within individual sites. Low substrate redox potential may control the spatial pattern of nitrogen uptake between the different-age marsh sites, leading to more favorable growing conditions at the low stations of the young marsh sites where values of tissue nitrogen and production are highest. Tissue phosphorus did not differ between or within the marsh sites. The results of a fertilization experiment suggest that nitrogen, and not phosphorus, is the primary limiting nutrient in this system. This indicates that nutrient limitation and other stresses work in conjunction to control tissue element content and macrophyte production at these marsh sites. Spatial variability of factors that control leaf tissue nitrogen and production is likely related to topography and grain size of an individual marsh, which is a function of marsh age. Most studies in different-age marshes have compared transplanted marshes to older, natural marshes. This work is one of few studies comparing developing and mature natural marshes on barrier islands. %O MW147 ESTUARIES %U ://A1993MW14700013 %0 Journal Article %A Osgood, David T. %A Zieman, Joseph C. %D 1993 %T Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Substrate Physicochemical Parameters in Different-Aged Barrier-Island Marshes %B Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science %V 37 %N 4 %P 421-436 %8 Oct %! Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Substrate Physicochemical Parameters in Different-Aged Barrier-Island Marshes %J Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. %M ISI:A1993ME09500006 %K salt-marsh; spartina-alterniflora; barrier islands; nutrients; salinity; redox; virginia coast england salt-marsh; sedimentation; phosphorus; nitrogen; resource; soils %O ME095 ESTUAR COAST SHELF SCI %U ://A1993ME09500006 %0 Journal Article %A Osgood, David T. %A Zieman, Joseph C. %D 1998 %T The influence of subsurface hydrology on nutrient supply and smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) production in a developing barrier island marsh %B Estuaries %V 21 %N 4B %P 767-783 %8 Dec %! The influence of subsurface hydrology on nutrient supply and smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) production in a developing barrier island marsh %J Estuaries %M ISI:000078746300010 %K coastal wetland sediment; dissolved organic-carbon; salt-marsh; north-carolina; groundwater discharge; tidal marshes; pore water; nitrogen; flux; limitation %X The supply of nutrients from surface and subsurface water flow into the root zone was measured in a developing barrier island marsh in Virginia. We hypothesize that high production of tall- form Spartina alterniflora in the lower intertidal zone is due to a greater nitrogen input supplied by a larger subsurface flux. Individual nitrogen inputs to the tall-form and short- form S. alterniflora root zones were calculated from water flow rates into the root zone and the nutrient concentration corresponding to the source of the flow. Total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) input las ammonium and nitrate) was then calculated using a summation of the hourly nutrient inputs to the root zone over the entire tidal cycle based on hydrologic and nutrient data collected throughout the growing season (April-August) of 1993 and 1994. Additionally, horizontal water flow into the lower intertidal marsh was reduced experimentally to determine its effects on nutrient input and plant growth. Total ammonium (NTH,I) input to the tall-form S. alterniflora root zone (168 mu moles 6 h(-1)) was significantly greater relative to the short-form (45 mu moles 6 h(-1)) during flood tide. Total NH4+ input was not significantly different between growth forms during ebb tide, and total nitrate (NO3-) and total DIN input were not significantly different between growth forms during either tidal stage. During tidal flooding, vertical flow from below the root zone accounted for 71% and horizontal flow from the adjacent mudflat accounted for 19% of the total NH4+ input to the tall-form S. alterniflora root zone. Infiltration of flooding water accounted for 15% more of the total NO3- input relative to the total NH4+ input at both zones on flood tide. During ebb tide, vertical flow from below the root zone still accounted for the majority of NH4+ and NO3- input to both growth forms. After vertical flow, horizontal subsurface flow from upgradient accounted for the next largest percentages of NH4+ and NO3- input to both growth forms during ebb tide. After 2 yr of interrupted subsurface horizontal flow to the tall-form S. alterniflora root zone, height and nitrogen content of leaf tissue of treatment plants were only slightly, but significantly, lower than control plants. The results suggest that a dynamic supply of DIN las influenced by subsurface water flows) is a more accurate depiction of nutrient supply to macrophytes in this developing marsh, relative to standing stock nutrient concentrations. The dynamic subsurface supply of DIN may play a role in spatial patterns of aboveground S. alterniflora production, but determination of additional nitrogen inputs and the role of belowground production on nitrogen demand need to also be considered. %O 169KE ESTUARIES %U ://000078746300010 %0 Thesis %A Oura, S. %D 1993 %T Clay mineralogy of suspended sediments of the Eastern Shore marshes %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 767-783 %9 Undergraduate thesis %! Clay mineralogy of suspended sediments of the Eastern Shore marshes %M VCR_10123829_272 %1 Oura, S. 1993. Clay mineralogy of suspended sediments of the Eastern Shore marshes. Undergraduate thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Book Section %A Parsons, K. %A Brown, S. %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Czech, H. %D 2002 %T Introduction: Managing wetlands for waterbirds - Integrated approaches %E Parsons, K. %E Brown, S. %E Erwin, R. M. %E Czech, H. %B Managing wetlands for waterbirds: Integrated approaches Waterbirds 25, Special Issue Number 2 %! Introduction: Managing wetlands for waterbirds - Integrated approaches %M VCR_1022460_14 %1 K. Parsons, S. Brown, R.M. Erwin, and H. Czech. 2002. Introduction: Managing wetlands for waterbirds - Integrated approaches. Managing wetlands for waterbirds: Integrated approaches Waterbirds 25, Special Issue Number 2 :. Keywords=wetlands, waterbirds, management , megasite , synth , book End_keywords NSFAck=N Notes= submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Tue Aug 13 EDT 2002 End_notes %K wetlands, waterbirds, management , megasite , synth , book %0 Journal Article %A Peierls, B. L. %A Christian, Robert R. %A Paerl, H. W. %D 2003 %T Water quality and phytoplankton as indicators of hurricane impacts on a large estuarine ecosystem %B Estuaries %V 26 %N 5 %P 1329-1343 %8 Oct %! Water quality and phytoplankton as indicators of hurricane impacts on a large estuarine ecosystem %M ISI:000187463000011 %K neuse river estuary; north-carolina; subtidal sediments; nutrient behavior; temperate estuary; bloom dynamics; coastal; community; growth; responses %X Three sequential hurricanes in the fall of 1999 provided the impetus for assessing multi-annual effects on water quality and phytoplankton dynamics in southwestern Pamlico Sound, North Carolina. Two and a half years of post-hurricane data were examined for short- and long-term impacts from the storms and > 100 year flooding. Salinity decreased dramatically and did not recover until. May 2000. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were briefly elevated during the flooding, but later returned to background levels. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations declined through the whole study period, but did not appear to peak as was observed in the Neuse River estuary, a key tributary of the Sound. Light attenuation was highest in the fall to spring following the storms and was best correlated with chlorophyll a concentrations. Phytoplankton biomass (chl a) increased and remained elevated until late spring 2000 when concentrations returned to pre-storm levels and then cycled seasonally. Phytoplankton community composition varied throughout the study, reflecting the complex interaction between physiological optima and combinations of salinity, residence time, nutrient availability, and possibly grazing activity. Floodwater advection or dilution from upstream maxima may have controlled the spatial heterogeneity in total and group-specific biomass. The storms produced areas of short-term hypoxia, but hypoxic events continued during the following two summers, correlating strongly with water column stratification. Nitrogen loading to the southwestern sound was inferred from network analysis of previous nitrogen cycling studies in the Neuse River estuary. Based on these analyses, nutrient cycling and removal in the sub-estuaries would be decreased under high flow conditions, confirming observations from other estuaries. The inferred nitrogen load from the flood was 2-3 times the normal loading to the Sound; this estimate was supported by the substantial algal bloom. After 8-mos, the salinity and chl a data indicated the Sound had returned to pre-hurricane conditions, yet phytoplankton community compositional changes continued through the multi-year study period. This is an example of long-term aspects of estuarine recovery that should be considered in the context of a predicted 10-40 yr period of elevated tropical storm activity in the western Atlantic Basin. %U ://000187463000011 %0 Book %A Perillo, G. %A Wolanski, E. %A Cahoon, D. %A Brinson, M. %D 2008 %T Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach %C Amsterdam, The Netherlands. %I Elsevier %! Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach %J Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach %M VCR20080729_003 %K core:Synthesis %O submitted by brinsonm@ecu.edu on Thu, 14 Aug 2008 17:18:26 -0400 %0 Report %A Poff, N. L. %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Day Jr, J. W. %D 2002 %T Potential Impacts on Inland Freshwater and Coastal Wetland Ecosystems in the United States %C Arlington, VA %I Pew Center on Global Climate Change %P 45 %! Potential Impacts on Inland Freshwater and Coastal Wetland Ecosystems in the United States %M VCR_10320359_24 %1 Poff, N.L., M.M. Brinson, and J.W. Day, Jr. 2002. Potential Impacts on Inland Freshwater and Coastal Wetland Ecosystems in the United States. Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Arlington, VA. 45 pp. HTTP://www.pewclimate.org/projects/aquatic.cfm :45. Keywords=rising sea level, wetlands, coastal marshes, global change , mainland , synth , other End_keywords NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Sep 4 EDT 2002 End_notes %U HTTP://www.pewclimate.org/projects/aquatic.cfm :45 %0 Thesis %A Porter, John H. %D 1988 %T Mice in Motion: Dispersal in Two species of Peromyscus %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 Ph. D Dissertation %! Mice in Motion: Dispersal in Two species of Peromyscus %M VCR_10123829_273 %1 Porter, J.H. 1988. Mice in Motion: Dispersal in Two species of Peromyscus. PH.D. Thesis. University of Virginia. %0 Book Section %A Porter, John H. %D 1998 %T Providing information on the World-Wide Web %E Michener, William K. %E Porter, John H. %E Stafford, Susan G. %B Data and information management in the ecological sciences: a resource guide %C Albuquerque, NM %I LTER Network Office, University of New Mexico, %P 65-70 %! Providing information on the World-Wide Web %M VCR_10123829_274 %1 Porter, J.H. 1998. Providing information on the World-Wide Web. Pages 65-70 in William K. Michener, John H. Porter, and Susan G. Stafford. Data and information management in the ecological sciences: a resource guide. LTER Network Office, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM. Abstract:The capabilities provided by the World Wide Web (WWW) offer an opportunity for ecological researchers to share information resources. The hypertext markup language (HTML) is used to create documents for display on the WWW. HTML documents can be created using various tools from general text editors to more specialized programs. General principles of WWW page design that can be applied to improve content and usability include anticipating user needs and avoiding features that unnecessarily increase needs for network bandwidth. Search and indexing tools for WWW pages can be used to improve access to information. WWW pages can also be used to solicit information from users via on-line forms. Making HTML documents available on the WWW is accomplished by placing them on a server, which may be locally administered or available commercially. :: Notes: submitted by jporter, Mon Jul 27 EDT 1998 :: %X The capabilities provided by the World Wide Web (WWW) offer an opportunity for ecological researchers to share information resources. The hypertext markup language (HTML) is used to create documents for display on the WWW. HTML documents can be created using various tools from general text editors to more specialized programs. General principles of WWW page design that can be applied to improve content and usability include anticipating user needs and avoiding features that unnecessarily increase needs for network bandwidth. Search and indexing tools for WWW pages can be used to improve access to information. WWW pages can also be used to solicit information from users via on-line forms. Making HTML documents available on the WWW is accomplished by placing them on a server, which may be locally administered or available commercially %0 Book Section %A Porter, John H. %D 1998 %T Scientific databases for environmental research %E Michener, William K. %E Porter, John H. %E Stafford, Susan G. %B Data and information management in the ecological sciences: a resource guide %C Albuquerque, NM %I LTER Network Office, University of New Mexico %P 41-46 %! Scientific databases for environmental research %M VCR_10123829_275 %1 Porter, J.H. 1998. Scientific databases for environmental research. Pages 41-46 in William K. Michener, John H. Porter, and Susan G. Stafford. Data and information management in the ecological sciences: a resource guide. LTER Network Office, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM. Abstract:The questions that scientists can answer are dependent upon the databases available to them. Modern genome research would not be possible without genome databases. Similarly, synthetic and integrative environmental research will be dependent on the quantity and quality of available databases. Examples of scientific databases include large "deep" databases such as Genbank and PDB, "wide" databases such as the National Geophysical Data Center and NASA Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs), and project-oriented databases such as those at Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites. There are advantages and disadvantages for using database management systems that balance the capabilities gained against the costs of maintenance. The World Wide Web is a recommended interface for scientific databases. Such databases may be constructed on both UNIX and Windows NT workstations. :: Notes: submitted by jporter, Mon Jul 27 EDT 1998 :: %0 Book Section %A Porter, J.H %D 2000 %T Scientific databases %E Michener, W. K. %E Brunt., J. %B Ecological Data: Design, Processing and Management %C London, UK %I Blackwell Science Ltd. %P 48-69 %! Scientific databases %M VCR_10123829_41 %1 Porter, J.H. in press. Scientific databases. In W.K. Michener and J. Brunt. Ecological Data: Design, Processing and Management. Blackwell Science Ltd., London. Keywords=Information management, data, databases End_keywords Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Fri Jan 14 EST 2000 End_notes %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, John H. %D 2005 %T Transforming HTML into EML Text %B LTER Databits %V Fall 2005 %! Transforming HTML into EML Text %M VCR_200612310018 %U http://intranet.lternet.edu/archives/documents/Newsletters/DataBits/05fall/#2fa %0 Journal Article %A Porter, John H. %D 2005 %T Life at the command line %B LTER Databits %V Fall 2005 %! Life at the command line %M VCR_200612310017 %U http://intranet.lternet.edu/archives/documents/Newsletters/DataBits/05fall %0 Journal Article %A Porter, John H. %D 2005 %T Site-based Interactions with Taiwan %B LTER Databits %V Fall 2005 %! Site-based Interactions with Taiwan %M VCR_200612310015 %U http://intranet.lternet.edu/archives/documents/Newsletters/DataBits/05fall %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, John H. %D 2006 %T Developing Collaborative Information Management Systems %B LTER Databits %V Fall 2006 %! Developing Collaborative Information Management Systems %M VCR_20061010_001 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Porter, John H. %D 2007 %T From the Barrier Island to the Database: Evolution of wireless sensor networks on the Virginia Coast Reserve %B Conference on Coastal Environmental Sensor Networks %C Boston, MA, USA %I Center for Coastal Environmental Sensor Networks, University of Massachusetts, Boston %! From the Barrier Island to the Database: Evolution of wireless sensor networks on the Virginia Coast Reserve %M VCR20070412_001 %K Wireless, Network, Sensor, Webcam, database %X The Virginia Coast Reserve Long-Term Ecological Research project has as its focus the ecology of the relatively pristine barrier islands off the coast of the Delmarva Peninsula. In response to a logistically challenging environment, characterized by large but shallow bays and blood-sucking insects, we have developed wireless networks using commercial-off-the-shelf components that link the barrier islands to one another and to our laboratory on the mainland. The network backbone connects the Anheuser-Busch Coastal Research Center on the mainland to Hog Island, 22 km distant, via a proprietary 900 MHz network radio at 3 Mbs. It includes amplified Wi-Fi (802.11b,g) access points at two major nodes at both ends of Hog Island. These provide broad coverage of the adjoining barrier islands and bays. The resulting network has been used to support a wide variety of activities including: real-time observations of hurricane-driven flooding, monitoring bird foraging, collecting meteorological and tide data, observing nesting Peregrine Falcons, calibrating and configuring a tunable diode laser trace gas analyzer, radar-tracking of migrating birds, and videoteleconferencing. Integral to exploiting the scientific utility of the network are database systems that automatically ingest, process and disseminate information in both numerical and graphical forms via the World-Wide Web. To this end we have developed systems that control web cameras to monitor selected sites and harvest and store images in a relational database system. This database is then linked to query tools that support a variety of display options, including change detection and animations. Future additions to the network include: extending the backbone to additional islands, deploying mote-based light sensing networks (the Light Under Shrub Thickets Environmental Research [LUSTER] project), and adding a flux tower and a network of ground-water monitoring wells. %U http://cheetah.cs.umb.edu/ocs/viewabstract.php?id=33 %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, John H. %D 2007 %T Providing Access and Security to Web Forms using CAPTCHA %B LTER Databits %V Spring 2007 %! Providing Access and Security to Web Forms using CAPTCHA %M VCR_20070420_001 %K Web forms, security, spam prevention %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, John H. %D 2007 %T Information Management Interactions with Taiwan %B LTER Network News %! Information Management Interactions with Taiwan %M VCR_20070420_002 %U http://www.lternet.edu/news/Article138.html %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, John H. %D 2007 %T A New Home for the Virginia Coast Long-Term Ecological Research Project %B LTER Network News %! A New Home for the Virginia Coast Long-Term Ecological Research Project %M VCR_20070420_003 %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, J. H. %D 2007 %T Adding Dynamic Web Site Content - the Easy Way %B LTER Databits %N Fall %! Adding Dynamic Web Site Content - the Easy Way %M VCR20080421_001 %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, J. H. %D 2008 %T Using Xen and VMWare to Manage Virtual Machines: A New User's Saga %B LTER Databits %N Spring %! Using Xen and VMWare to Manage Virtual Machines: A New User's Saga %M VCR20080421_002 %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, J. H. %D 2008 %T Using Keyhole Markup Language for Geographical Data Browsers %B LTER Databits %N Spring %! Using Keyhole Markup Language for Geographical Data Browsers %M VCR20080421_03 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Porter, John H. %D 2008 %T Implementing an automated processing system for low-frequency streaming data using an eclectic approach %E Gries, Corrina %E Jones, Matthew B. %B Environmental Information Management Conference 2008 %C Albuquerque, NM %P 188 %! Implementing an automated processing system for low-frequency streaming data using an eclectic approach %M VCR20080912_006 %X The path streaming data follows from the sensor to a dataset or graph on the World-Wide Web has many steps including ingestion, quality assurance, archival storage, and generation of products for display and download. The software available for accomplishing these steps are widely varied, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. However, no piece of software is best at everything (although many have overlapping capabilities). For this reason, the Virginia Coast Reserve Long-Term Ecological Research Project has developed fully-automated systems for processing low-frequency (> 0.10 hours per measurement) data that build on the strengths of an eclectic mix of software products and computer systems. This poster will provide an overview of a system used to collect and process data from a small (10 node) network of water level recorders located on a Virginia barrier island. Serial and Internet Protocol wireless networks are used to harvest hourly data from Campbell Scientific data loggers, using proprietary Loggernet software that runs on a PC at the Anheuser-Busch Coastal Research Center. Every few hours, Windows scheduler is used to run a batch file that copies the downloaded files to a network-accessible directory on a Unix computer at the University of Virginia. There the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) is used to integrate new data with existing data, including elimination of duplicates, data format conversions (e.g., dates and times) into standard forms, flagging of out-of-range values, and production of an integrated dataset for download by users. That integrated dataset is also used as input to "R" programs on a Linux-based web server to produce a variety of graphical and textual statistical summaries that are automatically posted on the WWW. The advantages of these types of systems are that they require relatively simple programming, each software product is doing what it does best with no need for esoteric programs; that they can incorporate a variety of computers and operating systems, taking full advantage of what is available; and finally, that they can operate unattended for months at a time, reliably providing data to users with minimal operator intervention. %U https://conference.ecoinformatics.org/public/conferences/1/eim-2008-proceedings.pdf %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, J.H. %D 2009 %T Beware the Ida's of November %B LTER Databits %V Fall 2009 %! Beware the Ida's of November %M VCR20100512_002 %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, J.H. %D 2009 %T Developing a Controlled Vocabulary for LTER Data %B LTER Databits %V Fall 2009 %! Developing a Controlled Vocabulary for LTER Data %M VCR20100512_003 %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, J.H. %D 2009 %T Nature special issue on Data Sharing %B LTER Databits %V Fall 2009 %! Nature special issue on Data Sharing %M VCR20100512_004 %0 Journal Article %A Porter, J.H. %D 2010 %T A Brief History of Data Sharing in the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network %B Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America %V 91 %N 1 %P 14-20 %! A Brief History of Data Sharing in the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network %M VCR20100210_001 %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, J.H. %D 2010 %T A Controlled Vocabulary for LTER Datasets %B LTER Databits %V Spring 2010 %! A Controlled Vocabulary for LTER Datasets %M VCR20100512_001 %0 Journal Article %A Porter, John H. %A Arzberger, Peter %A Braun, Hans-Werner %A Bryant, Pablo %A Gage, Stuart %A Hansen, Todd %A Hanson, Paul %A Lin, Fang Pang %A Lin, Chau Chin %A Kratz, Timothy %A Michener, William %A Shapiro, Sedra %A Williams, Thomas %D 2005 %T Wireless Sensor Networks for Ecology %B Bioscience %V 55 %N 7 %P 561-572 %! Wireless Sensor Networks for Ecology %M VCR_200512310014 %K Network, radio, sensor, data collection %X Field biologists and ecologists are starting to open new avenues of inquiry at greater spatial and temporal resolution, allowing them to “observe the unobservable” through the use of wireless sensor networks. Sensor networks facilitate the collection of diverse types of data (from temperature to imagery and sound) at frequent intervals—even multiple times per second—over large areas, allowing ecologists and field biologists to engage in intensive and expansive sampling and to unobtrusively collect new types of data. Moreover, real-time data flows allow researchers to react rapidly to events, thus extending the laboratory to the field.We review some existing uses of wireless sensor networks, identify possible areas of application, and review the underlying technologies in the hope of stimulating additional use of this promising technology to address the grand challenges of environmental science. %0 Book Section %A Porter, John H. %A Callahan, J. T. %D 1994 %T Circumventing a dilemma: historical approaches to data sharing in ecological research %E Michener, W. K. %E Stafford, S. %E Brunt, J. W. %B Environmental Information Mangagement %C Bristol, PA %I Taylor and Francis %P 193-203 %! Circumventing a dilemma: historical approaches to data sharing in ecological research %M VCR_10123829_277 %1 Porter, J.H. and J.T. Callahan. 1994. Circumventing a dilemma: historical approaches to data sharing in ecological research. Pages 193-203 In W.K. Michener, S. Stafford and J.W. Brunt (eds.). "Environmental Information Mangagement," Taylor and Francis, Bristol, PA %0 Journal Article %A Porter, John H. %A Dooley, J. L. %D 1993 %T Animal Dispersal Patterns - a Reassessment of Simple Mathematical-Models %B Ecology %V 74 %N 8 %P 2436-2443 %8 Dec %! Animal Dispersal Patterns - a Reassessment of Simple Mathematical-Models %J Ecology %M ISI:A1993MJ57500023 %K dispersal; geometric distribution; movement models; weighted sampling gene flow; vertebrate dispersal; robust estimation; geometric model; population-size; natal dispersal; competition; movements; recapture; distance %X Attempts to fit simple mathematical models-of animal movement to observed distributions of movements have been extremely successful. However, the extent to which these results were influenced by use of potentially distance-weighted sampling methods has not been evaluated. Of the 15 field studies used to test model fits, 13 used methods that sample unevenly over distance. We use a simple Monte-Carlo simulation model to evaluate the effects of unequal sampling over distance on results obtained from simple mathematical models of animal movement. For three data sets that provide detailed maps of observation sites, the effects of unequal sampling are profound. Prior to sampling, data simulated by our model follow a uniform distribution, but a geometric model adequately fits the ''sampled'' simulated data. Following corrections to the field data to mitigate the effects of distance-weighted sampling, in only one of five studies do simple mathematical models adequately fit the observed distribution of movements. %O Article MJ575 ECOLOGY %U ://A1993MJ57500023 %0 Journal Article %A Porter, John H. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %D 1989 %T A Comparison of Methods for Measuring Small Mammal Dispersal by Use of a Monte-Carlo Simulation Model %B J. Mammalogy %V 70 %P 783-793 %! A Comparison of Methods for Measuring Small Mammal Dispersal by Use of a Monte-Carlo Simulation Model %J J. Mammalogy %M VCR_10123829_280 %1 Porter, J.H., R.D. Dueser. 1989. A Comparison of Methods for Measuring Small Mammal Dispersal by Use of a Monte-Carlo Simulation Model. J. Mammalogy 70:783-793. %0 Journal Article %A Porter, John H. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %D 1990 %T Selecting a Body-mass Criterion for Measuring Dispersal %B J. Mammology %V 71 %P 470-473 %! Selecting a Body-mass Criterion for Measuring Dispersal %J J. Mammology %M VCR_10123829_281 %1 Porter, J.H., R.D. Dueser. 1990. Selecting a Body-mass Criterion for Measuring Dispersal. J. Mammology 71:470-473. %0 Conference Proceedings %A Porter, John H. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Richardson, David L. %D 1996 %T Data and information management at the Virginia Coast Reserve Long-term Ecological Research Site %B Global networks for environmental information: Proceedings of Eco-Informa '96. %C Buena Vista, FL. %I Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) %V 11 %P 731-736 %! Data and information management at the Virginia Coast Reserve Long-term Ecological Research Site %M VCR_10123829_278 %1 Porter, J.H., B.P. Hayden and D.L. Richardson. 1996. Data and information management at the Virginia Coast Reserve Long-term Ecological Research Site. Global networks for environmental information: Proceedings of Eco-Informa \'96. 1996 November 4-7\; Buena Vista, FL. Ann Arbor, MI, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) 11:731-736. Keywords:information management, data, software, WWW, electronic mail, databases:: Notes: submitted by jporter, Fri Mar 21 EST 1997 :: %O information management data software WWW electronic mail databases %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, John H. %A Hsiao, Chi Wen %D 2006 %T Ecological Metadata Language-Based Statistical Analysis %B LTER Databits %! Ecological Metadata Language-Based Statistical Analysis %M VCR_20071010_002 %U http://intranet.lternet.edu/archives/documents/Newsletters/DataBits/06fall/#8fa %0 Magazine Article %A Porter, John H. %A Hwang, Chin-Yin %D 2006 %T Site-based interactions with Taiwan %B Bimonthly Taiwan Forestry Research Institute Newsletter %V 12 %N 6 %! Site-based interactions with Taiwan %M VCR_200612310013 %0 Book Section %A Porter, John H. %A Kennedy, J. %D 1991 %T Computer Systems for Data Management %E Lauf, G. %E Gorentz, J. %B Data Management at Field Stations and Marine Biological Laboratories: a report to the National Science Foundation %C Hickory Corners, MI %I Kellogg Biological Station %! Computer Systems for Data Management %M VCR_10123829_279 %1 Porter, J.H., J. Kennedy. 1991. Computer Systems for Data Management. In G. Lauf, J. Gorentz (eds.), A Report to the National Science Foundation. %U http://www.ecoinformatics.org/pubs/kellogg/kellogg92.pdf %0 Conference Proceedings %A Porter, John H. %A Lin, Chau-Chin %A Jeng, Meei-ru %A Lu, Sheng Shan %D 2007 %T Ecological Information Management Training in the East-Asia-Pacific Region %E Kim, Eun-Shik %B Urban Forestry and East-Asia Pacific Information Management Conference %C Seoul, Korea %I Kookmin University %! Ecological Information Management Training in the East-Asia-Pacific Region %M VCR20080421_04 %X Information management is a necessary component of long-term research. Without long-term data there can be no long-term research, and without active management there is no long-term data. Ecological information management is a rapidly evolving field that has as its aim the management, archiving, distribution and integration of ecological data. The East-Asia Pacific (EAP) region of the International Long-Term Ecological Research Network (ILTER) has recently engaged in a series of workshops focusing on augmenting the management of ecological data in the EAP region with the aim of developing systems and infrastructure to support regional analyses. Here we outline the activities undertaken since 2005 to achieve this aim and discuss future opportunities. %0 Journal Article %A Porter, John H. %A Lin, Chau-Chin %A Smith, David E. %A Lu, Sheng-Shan %D 2010 %T Ecological Image Databases: From the Webcam to the Researcher %B Ecological Informatics %V 5 %P 51-58 %! Ecological Image Databases: From the Webcam to the Researcher %M VCR20090128_001 %X Imagery of ecological systems can be used to observe organisms, to observe rare events and to document changes in ecological systems. Here we describe two systems used for archiving and sharing imagery with ecological researchers in the United States and Taiwan, discuss the database design and interface issues and how they were resolved and present some examples of their use. The Virginia Ecocam System uses wirelessly-connected web cameras to capture imagery from remote barrier islands of the Virginia Coast Reserve. The Shan-ping Bee Camera System monitors a bee colony in at the Shan-Ping Forest Ecological Garden in south-central Taiwan. Both systems use a relational database to store and query image metadata, but store the images in either a file system or using a Storage Resource Broker (SRB). Both systems provide multiple tools to retrieve and display images for research use. %0 Journal Article %A Porter, John H. %A Nagy, Eric %A Kratz, Timothy K. %A Hanson, Paul %A Collins, Scott L. %A Arzberger, Peter %D 2009 %T New Eyes on the World: Advanced Sensors for Ecology %B BioScience %V 59 %N 5 %P 385-397 %! New Eyes on the World: Advanced Sensors for Ecology %J BioScience %M VCR20090114_001 %X Innovative uses of advanced sensors and sensor networks are starting to be translated into new ecological knowledge. They are providing a new set of "eyes" that let researchers observe the world in new ways, extend spatial and temporal scales of observation, more accurately estimate what can't be observed and, most importantly, obtain unexpected results, or develop new paradigms. Automated sensors are widely deployed by members of the Organization of Biological Field Stations, but there remain needs, particularly for chemical and biological sensors, that are not currently being met. There are additional opportunities for developing sensor networks at synoptic, regional, continental and global scales. Although we are seeing more uses of sensor systems and, in particular, sensor networks, the opportunities for these systems are just beginning to be realized, with much more work to done including formulation of new questions, development of new sensors, better software, and new ways for researchers to work together across large distances. %U http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1525/bio.2009.59.5.6 %0 Book Section %A Porter, John H. %A Nottrott, R. W. %A Baker, K. %D 1996 %T Tools for managing ecological data %B Global networks for environmental information: Proceedings of Eco-Informa '96. 1996 November 4-7; Buena Vista, FL. %C Ann Arbor, MI %I Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) %P 87-92 %! Tools for managing ecological data %M VCR_10123829_282 %1 Porter, J.H., R.W. Nottrott, K. Baker. 1996. Tools for managing ecological data. Pages 87-92 in . Global networks for environmental information: Proceedings of Eco-Informa \'96. 1996 November 4-7\; Buena Vista, FL. Ann Arbor, MI, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM). Keywords:information management, database, statistical packages, software:: Abstract:The Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program is set of 18 ecological research sites and a Network Office funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation. From the inception of the program in 1980, the LTER program has included a strong emphasis on data and information management as a crucial component of long-term research. Each LTER site operates its own data and information management system and the LTERnet Network Support System facilitates network-wide electronic communication, data and information exchange between sites. At each LTER site there is a broad range of data collected using both high and low technology techniques. The diversity of LTER sites (varying from arctic tundra to tropical rain forest), research questions and data collected (varying in size from \<1 KB to \>300 MB) demands a philosophy and structure which promotes flexibility and development of innovative solutions. Although some software tools and approaches are site-specific, a subset of tools, ideas and solutions evolve and propagate across sites depending upon their robustness, generality and cost. This presentation will focus on software tools which have become widely used within the LTER network. These include network information servers, geographical information systems, database and statistical packages and the myriad of smaller tools which link them together to work as an integrated whole. We will also discuss tools and approaches that we expect to become emergent standards in the future. \ :: Notes: submitted by jporter, Fri Mar 21 EST 1997 :: %K information management database statistical packages software %X The Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program is set of 18 ecological research sites and a Network Office funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation. From the inception of the program in 1980, the LTER program has included a strong emphasis on data and information management as a crucial component of long-term research. Each LTER site operates its own data and information management system and the LTERnet Network Support System facilitates network-wide electronic communication, data and information exchange between sites. At each LTER site there is a broad range of data collected using both high and low technology techniques. The diversity of LTER sites (varying from arctic tundra to tropical rain forest), research questions and data collected (varying in size from <1 KB to >300 MB) demands a philosophy and structure which promotes flexibility and development of innovative solutions. Although some software tools and approaches are site-specific, a subset of tools, ideas and solutions evolve and propagate across sites depending upon their robustness, generality and cost. This presentation will focus on software tools which have become widely used within the LTER network. These include network information servers, geographical information systems, database and statistical packages and the myriad of smaller tools which link them together to work as an integrated whole. We will also discuss tools and approaches that we expect to become emergent standards in the future. %0 Conference Proceedings %A Porter, John H. %A Ramsey, K. W. %D 2002 %T Integrating ecological data: tools and techniques %E Callaos, N. %E Porter, J. H. %E Rishe, N. %B Proceedings of the 6th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: Volume VII Information Systems Development II, July 14-18, 2002. %C Orlando, Florida, USA %I International Institute of Informatics and Systemics %V 7 %P 396-401 %8 July 14-18, 2002 %! Integrating ecological data: tools and techniques %M VCR_10224615_1 %1 Porter, J.H. and K.W. Ramsey. 2002. Integrating ecological data: tools and techniques. Pages 396-401 in Callaos, N., J.H. Porter and N. Rishe. Proceedings of the 6th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: Volume VII Information Systems Development II, July 14-18, 2002. International Institute of Informatics and Systemics. Orlando, Florida, USA. Keywords=Data integration, GIS, metacat, software, fuzzy logic, evolutionary algorithms, Ecoinformatics, Data mining, meta-analysis , data , xsite , synth , book End_keywords Abstract=Integration of data is critical to achieving new levels of understanding of ecological systems and processes. Typically, data integration is achieved only through a painstaking manual process that rules out large-scale integration. We believe that many of the techniques related to uncertain reasoning (fuzzy logic, Baysian networks, and evolutionary algorithms) and data mining might be usefully applied to ecological data integration. Here we present two case studies. One characterizes a traditional approach to integration. The second focuses on using software system integration to integrate geospatial and research data, along with providing data discovery services. We discuss those case studies where advanced techniques might prove useful and where modifications are needed to support scientific research. End_abstract NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Wed Sep 4 11:52:43 EDT 2002 End_notes %K Data integration, GIS, metacat, software, fuzzy logic, evolutionary algorithms, Ecoinformatics, Data mining, meta-analysis , data , xsite , synth , book %X Integration of data is critical to achieving new levels of understanding of ecological systems and processes. Typically, data integration is achieved only through a painstaking manual process that rules out large-scale integration. We believe that many of the techniques related to uncertain reasoning (fuzzy logic, Baysian networks, and evolutionary algorithms) and data mining might be usefully applied to ecological data integration. Here we present two case studies. One characterizes a traditional approach to integration. The second focuses on using software system integration to integrate geospatial and research data, along with providing data discovery services. We discuss those case studies where advanced techniques might prove useful and where modifications are needed to support scientific research. %0 Journal Article %A Porter, John H. %A Shao, Guofan %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 2003 %T Our Changing Shorelines: Researchers try to keep pace with a high-speed island landscape %B Imaging Notes %V 18 %N 1 %P 24-26 %! Our Changing Shorelines: Researchers try to keep pace with a high-speed island landscape %M VCR030311_02 %K Remote sensing, satellite imagery, change analysis %0 Conference Proceedings %A Porter, John H. %A Smith, David E. %D 2008 %T Live from the field: managing live-image databases at the Virginia Coast Reserve %E Gries, Corrina %E Jones, Matthew B. %B Environmental Information Management Conference 2008 %C Albuquerque, NM %P 125-132 %! Live from the field: managing live-image databases at the Virginia Coast Reserve %M VCR20080912_005 %K image database webcam wireless network barrier island %X Imagery of ecological systems can be used to observe organisms, to observe rare events and to document ecological changes in the system. Here we describe the Virginia Ecocam System which uses wireless networks and web cameras to capture imagery from remote barrier islands. The system uses a MySQL database, PHP code and shell scripts to generate custom displays, including animation, browse, pan and change detection displays, for analysis. %U https://conference.ecoinformatics.org/public/conferences/1/eim-2008-proceedings.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Powers, S. P. %A Peterson, C. H. %A Christian, Robert R. %A Sullivan, E. %A Powers, M. J. %A Bishop, M. J. %A Buzzelli, C. P. %D 2005 %T Effects of eutrophication on bottom habitat and prey resources of demersal fishes %B Marine Ecology Progress Series %V 302 %P 233-243 %! Effects of eutrophication on bottom habitat and prey resources of demersal fishes %J Marine Ecology Progress Series %M VCR_06324090012_01 %K core:Disturbance %O submitted by on Tue, 21 Nov 2006 09:00:12 -0500 %0 Journal Article %A Pratolongo, P. %A Kandus, P. %A Brinson, Mark M. %D 2007 %T Net aboveground primary production and soil properties of floating and attached freshwater tidal marshes in the Rio de la Plata estuary, Argentina %B Estuaries and Coasts %V 30 %P 618-626 %! Net aboveground primary production and soil properties of floating and attached freshwater tidal marshes in the Rio de la Plata estuary, Argentina %M VCR20080729_002 %0 Book Section %A Pratolongo, P. %A Plater, A. %A Kirby, J. %A Brinson, M. %D 2009 %T Temperate coastal wetlands: morphology, ecology and distribution %E Perillo, G. %E Wolanski, E. %E Cahoon, D. %E Brinson, M. %B Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach %C Amsterdam, The Netherlands. %I Elsevier %P 89-118 %! Temperate coastal wetlands: morphology, ecology and distribution %M VCR_20100824_010 %0 Book Section %A Pratolongo, P. %A Plater, A. %A Kirby, J. %A Brinson, M. %D in press %T Temperate coastal wetlands: morphology, ecology and distribution. %E Perillo, G. %E Wolanski, E. %E Cahoon, D. %E Brinson, M. %B Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach. %C Amsterdam, The Netherlands %I Elsevier %! Temperate coastal wetlands: morphology, ecology and distribution. %J Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach. %M VCR20080729_005 %K core:Synthesis %O submitted by brinsonm@ecu.edu on Thu, 14 Aug 2008 17:14:10 -0400 %0 Journal Article %A Priestas, A.M. %A Fagherazzi, S. %D 2010 %T Priestas A.M., Fagherazzi S., Morphological barrier island changes and recovery of dunes after Hurricane Dennis, St. George Island, Florida %B Geomorphology %V 114 %N 4 %P 614-626 %! Priestas A.M., Fagherazzi S., Morphological barrier island changes and recovery of dunes after Hurricane Dennis, St. George Island, Florida %M VCR20090610 %0 Thesis %A Quinley, H. J. %D 1995 %T A Stable C and N Isotope Study of Marsh Sediments Cattleshed Creek, Virginia Coast Reserve %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 Distinguished Majors Thesis %! A Stable C and N Isotope Study of Marsh Sediments Cattleshed Creek, Virginia Coast Reserve %M VCR_10123829_283 %1 Quinley, H.J. 1995. A Stable C and N Isotope Study of Marsh Sediments Cattleshed Creek, Virginia Coast Reserve. Distinguished Majors Thesis, University of Virginia, advisors Stephen A. Macko and Linda Blum. %0 Journal Article %A Racchetti, E. %A Bartoli, M. %A Soana, E. %A Longhi, D. %A Christian, R.R. %A Pinardi, M. %A P.Viaroli %D in press %T Influence of hydrological connectivity of riverine wetlands on nitrogen removal via denitrification %B Biogeochemistry %! Influence of hydrological connectivity of riverine wetlands on nitrogen removal via denitrification %M VCR_20100824_004 %0 Book Section %A Rastetter, E. B. %D 1991 %T A Spatially Explicit Model of Vegetation-Habitat Interactions on Barrier Islands %E Turner, M. G. %E Gardner, R. H. %B Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology %C New York %I Springer-Verlag %V 82 %S Ecological Studies %! A Spatially Explicit Model of Vegetation-Habitat Interactions on Barrier Islands %M VCR_10123829_284 %1 Rastetter, E.B. 1991. A Spatially Explicit Model of Vegetation-Habitat Interactions on Barrier Islands, p. 353-378. In M.G. Turner, R.H. Gardner (eds.), Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. Ecological Studies 82, Springer-Verlag, NY. %0 Thesis %A Rauch, S. %D 1989 %T Geomorphologial Indices for Salt Marsh Creek Systems %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %9 Senior Thesis %! Geomorphologial Indices for Salt Marsh Creek Systems %M VCR_10123829_285 %1 Rauch, S. 1989. Geomorphologial Indices for Salt Marsh Creek Systems. Senior Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Book Section %A Ray, G. C. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1991 %T Coastal Zone Ecotones %E Hansen, A. J. %E al., et %B Landscape Boundaries: Consequences for Biotic Diversity and Ecological Flows %C New York %I Springer-Verlag %P 408-420 %! Coastal Zone Ecotones %M VCR_10123829_288 %1 Ray, G.C., B.P. Hayden. 1991. Coastal Zone Ecotones, p. 408-420. In Hansen, A.J., et al. (eds.), Landscape Boundaries: Consequences for Biotic Diversity and Ecological Flows. Springer-Verlag, NY. %0 Book Section %A Ray, G. C. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Bulger, A. J. %A McCormick-Ray, M. G. %D 1992 %T Effects of Global Warming on Biodiversity of Coastal-Marine Zones %E Peters, R. L. %E Lovejoy, T. E. %B Global Warming and Biological Diversity %C New Haven %I Yale University Press %P 91-104 %! Effects of Global Warming on Biodiversity of Coastal-Marine Zones %M VCR_10123829_286 %1 Ray, G.C., B.P. Hayden, A. J. Bulger and M. G. McCormick-Ray 1992. Effects of Global Warming on Biodiversity of Coastal-Marine Zones. (pp. 91-104) In Peters, R. L. and T. E. Lovejoy (eds.) Global Warming and Biological Diversity. Yale University Press, New Haven. %0 Journal Article %A Ray, G. C. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Smith, T. M. %D 1996 %T Land-seascape diversity of the USA east-coast coastal zone with particular reference to estuaries %B Marine Biodiversity %P 337-371 %! Land-seascape diversity of the USA east-coast coastal zone with particular reference to estuaries %M VCR_10123829_287 %1 Ray, G.C., B.P. Hayden, M.G. McCormick-Ray and T.M. Smith. 1996. Land-seascape diversity of the USA east-coast coastal zone with particular reference to estuaries. Pages 337-371 in . Marine Biodiversity. Keywords:Classification, biiogeography, communities, estuaries:: Notes: submitted by bhayden, Fri May 30 EDT 1997 :: %0 Thesis %A Ray, M. W. %D 1989 %T Below Ground Decomposition and Production Dynamics in a Virginia Salt Marsh %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %9 MS Thesis %! Below Ground Decomposition and Production Dynamics in a Virginia Salt Marsh %M VCR_10123829_289 %1 Ray, M.W. 1989. Below Ground Decomposition and Production Dynamics in a Virginia Salt Marsh. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Thesis %A Reynolds, Laura K. %D 2004 %T Interactions between endosymbiont-bearing infaunal bivalves and the biogeochemistry of Thalassia testudinum sediments %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences) %C Charlottesville, VA USA %I University of Virginia %P 57 %9 MS Thesis %! Interactions between endosymbiont-bearing infaunal bivalves and the biogeochemistry of Thalassia testudinum sediments %M VCR_200412310019 %X Lucinid bivalves dominate the infauna of seagrass sediments. While the effect of seagrass on lucinids has been studied, the reverse effect has been ignored. Lucinids can alter porewater chemistry (i.e. increase porewater nutrients by suspension feeding and decrease porewater sulfides by oxygen introduction and bacterial oxidation), which can potentially change seagrass productivity and growth morphology. To observe correlations between porewater chemistry and lucinid presence, a survey and a laboratory microcosm experiment were conducted. Survey sampling sites with clams had a significantly lower sulfide and higher ammonium concentrations than sampling sites without clams. There was no difference is phosphate concentration among sampling sites. Both clam species used in the microcosm experiment (Ctena orbiculata and Lucinesca nassula) significantly lowered sulfide concentrations in the sediment porewater. Microcosm and field survey results were incorporated into a model sulfide budget. In seagrass sediments, lucinid clams remove 2-10% of the total sulfide lost, and if that sulfide was added back into the sediment porewater, sulfide concentration could increase 0.62 µM day-1. Sulfide is a major stressor to both plants and animals in Florida Bay sediments; therefore, this removal may be important to maintaining seagrass productivity and health. %0 Journal Article %A Rheinhardt, R. %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Brooks, R. %A McKenney-Easterling, M. %A Rubbo, J. M. %A Hite, J. %A Armstrong, B. %D 2007 %T Development of a reference-based method for identifying and scoring indicators of condition for coastal plain riparian reaches %B Ecological Indicators %V 7 %N 2 %P 339-361 %! Development of a reference-based method for identifying and scoring indicators of condition for coastal plain riparian reaches %M VCR20080702_002 %0 Journal Article %A Rheinhardt, R. %A Whigham, D. F. %A Kahn, H. %A Brinson, Mark M. %D 2000 %T Vegetation of headwater wetlands in the inner coastal plain of Virginia and Maryland %B Castanea %V 65 %P 21-35 %! Vegetation of headwater wetlands in the inner coastal plain of Virginia and Maryland %J Castanea %M VCR_10123829_42 %1 Rheinhardt, R., D.F. Whigham, H. Kahn, and M. Brinson. 2000. Vegetation of headwater wetlands in the inner coastal plain of Virginia and Maryland. Castanea 65:21-35. Keywords=forested wetlands, Virginia, Maryland End_keywords Notes= submitted by brinsonM@mail.ecu.edu, Thu Mar 22 EST 2001 End_notes %O submitted by brinsonM@mail.ecu.edu, Thu Mar 22 EST 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Rheinhardt, R. D. %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Farley, P. M. %D 1997 %T Applying wetland reference data to functional assessment, mitigation, and restoration %B Wetlands %V 17 %N 2 %P 195-215 %8 Jun %! Applying wetland reference data to functional assessment, mitigation, and restoration %J Wetlands %M ISI:A1997XG35600003 %K compensatory wetland mitigation; ecosystem restoration; fire; functional assessment; hydrogeomorphic assessment; impact assessment; longleaf pine; Pinus palustris; North Carolina; wet pine flats; reference standards; reference wetlands %X This study demonstrates an approach for rapidly collecting quantitative field data on reference wetland sites and using those data to assess functions (ecological processes) in wetlands. We demonstrate the hydrogeomorphic (HGM) assessment procedure by identifying ecological functions performed by mineral soil wet flats, obtaining quantitative field data from 19 wet Bats (reference sites) in southeastern North Carolina, and modeling wetland functions using variables derived from those field data. We chose a subset of the 19 reference sites to demonstrate how HGM assessment can be used to measure ecosystem functions before and after a project site is altered and the degree to which ecosystem restoration can compensate for a reduction in functions caused by a project's impact. We also illustrate how HGM assessment can be used to determine the minimum area over which restoration should be applied to achieve a no-net-loss in function objective. This minimum area can be determined by dividing the degree to which a function is reduced through project alteration by the degree to which a function is increased through restoration. The ratio of wetland area restored to wetland area altered by a project impact (compensatory mitigation ratio) varies among functions and is influenced by (1) the magnitude to which any given function occurs at a project site both before and after the site is altered, (2) the magnitude to which any given function occurs at a compensatory mitigation site both before and after restoration is applied, and (3) the rate at which any given function is restored. %O Article XG356 WETLANDS %U ://A1997XG35600003 %0 Journal Article %A Rheinhardt, R. D. %A Rheinhardt, M. C. %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Faser, K. %D 1998 %T Forested wetlands of low order streams in the inner coastal plain of North Carolina, USA %B Wetlands %V 18 %N 3 %P 365-378 %8 Sep %! Forested wetlands of low order streams in the inner coastal plain of North Carolina, USA %J Wetlands %M ISI:000076139900006 %K bottomland hardwood swamp; Detrended Correspondence Analysis; floodplain; headwater and midreach streams; riverine forested wetland; Southeastern US; stream geomorphology; vegetation filters %X We quantified geomorphic and vegetational characteristics of 22 first-to-fourth order riverine forests located in the inner coastal plain of North Carolina. We used Detrended Correspondence Analysis to compare canopy composition among sites and relate measured environmental parameters to distribution of canopy trees and stream order. Both geomorphic and vegetational attributes could be used to functionally divide first-to-fourth order riverine systems into 17 headwater (first and second order streams) and 5 midreach systems (third and fourth order streams). As expected, stream order was found to be positively correlated (P<0.003) with drainage basin size, floodplain width, and channel width. The canopy of headwater reaches was dominated by various combinations of Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa biflora, and Acer rubrum, while midreach systems were typically dominated by Taxodium distichum and/or Nyssa aquatica. Canopy composition was similar to other low order stream floodplains in the southeastern USA from Alabama to Maryland. However, the canopy composition of bottomlands differed in that the genera Fraxinus, Quercus, and Ulmus were generally less important in the North Carolina bottomlands than elsewhere in the Southeast. Metrics obtained from these relatively unaltered ecosystems could be used to develop standards for assessing of wetland condition and provide appropriate criteria for designing restoration of altered low order riverine ecosystems. %O Article 123TF WETLANDS %U ://000076139900006 %0 Journal Article %A Rheinhardt, R. D. %A Rheinhardt, M. C. %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Faser, K. E. %D 1999 %T Application of reference data for assessing and restoring headwater ecosystems %B Restoration Ecology %V 7 %N 3 %P 241-251 %8 Sep %! Application of reference data for assessing and restoring headwater ecosystems %M ISI:000082633800003 %K functional assessment; wetlands; mitigation; filters %X Attributes of 25 headwater streams and their associated wetlands were quantitatively sampled in-the inner coastal plain of eastern North Carolina. Data from these sites were used to construct and test one functional assessment model (biogeochemical cycling) using the hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach. Of the 25 sites sampled, 16 unaltered sites were used to establish standards against which field indicators could be compared (indexed). Nine altered sites were used to examine the sensitivity of the model to assess the types of alterations typically inflicted upon headwater ecosystems in eastern North Carolina: channelization, logging, construction of cross-floodplain ditches to shunt water directly from uplands to the main stream channel, and conversion of stream floodplains and buffer zones to cropland. Of 30 field indicators measured that potentially could be used to model alterations to hydrologic regime and biomass stocks, we found six were robust in assessing conditions related to biogeochemical cycling. Hydrologic indicators used in the model included: (1) presence/absence of channelization, (2) presence/absence of cross-floodplain ditches, and (3) a measure of buffer condition (using width and quality). Biomass indicators included: (4) total basal area of trees, (5) percent litter cover, and (6) volume of coarse woody debris. Our preliminary biogeochemical cycling model using these six variables was sensitive to alterations in nine altered sites and to a suite of hypothetical restorations of the most altered site. However, in order to improve accuracy of our preliminary model, it should be validated with studies designed to measure how alterations of various types and magnitudes affect biogeochemical processes. %U ://000082633800003 %0 Book %A Rheinhardt, R. D. %A Rheinhardt, M. C. %A Brinson., M. M. %D 2002 %T A regional guidebook for applying the hydrogeomorphic approach to assessing wetland functions of wet pine flats on mineral soils in the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains %B Report ERDC/EL TR-02-9 %C Vicksburg, Mississippi %I U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center %! A regional guidebook for applying the hydrogeomorphic approach to assessing wetland functions of wet pine flats on mineral soils in the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains %M VCR_10320359_25 %1 Rheinhardt, R.D., M.C. Rheinhardt, and M.M. Brinson. 2002. A regional guidebook for applying the hydrogeomorphic approach to assessing wetland functions of wet pine flats on mineral soils in the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains. Pages in . Report ERDC/EL TR-02-9, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi. http://www.wes.army.mil/el/wetlands/pdfs/trel02-9.pdf. Keywords=wet pine flats, ecosystem assessment, coastal plain, , megasite , disturb , outreach End_keywords NSFAck=N Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Sep 4 EDT 2002 End_notes %K wet pine flats, ecosystem assessment, coastal plain, location:megasite, core:Disturbance, core:Outreach %U http://www.wes.army.mil/el/wetlands/pdfs/trel02-9.pdf %0 Book Section %A Richardson, J. L. %A Brinson, Mark M. %D 2000 %T Chapter 9. Wetland soils and the hydrogeomorphic classification of wetlands. %E Richardson, J. L. %E Vepraskas, M. J. %B Wetland Soils: Genesis, Hydrology, Landscapes, and Classification %C Boca Raton, Florida, USA. %I Lewis Publishers %P 209-227 %! Chapter 9. Wetland soils and the hydrogeomorphic classification of wetlands. %J Wetland Soils: Genesis, Hydrology, Landscapes, and Classification %M VCR_03211022747_01 %K location:megasite core:Synthesis %O submitted by Brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu on Thu, 31 Jul 2003 14:27:47 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Thesis %A Ricker, Lisa D. %D 1999 %T Resistance to state change by coastal ecosystems under conditions of rising sea level %B Dept. of Biology %C Greenville, N.C %I East Carolina University %P 209 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Resistance to state change by coastal ecosystems under conditions of rising sea level %M VCR_10123829_293 %1 Ricker, L. 1999. Resistance to state change by coastal ecosystems under conditions of rising sea level. . East Carolina University, Greenville, N.C East Carolina University, Greenville, N.C pp. 209. Keywords=Rising sea level, ecosystem change, marsh migration End_keywords Abstract= End_abstract Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 End_notes %0 Thesis %A Riddervold, Leif B. %D 1995 %T Sources of nitrogen to the high marsh/upland transition zone of a Virginia back-barrier system %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 94 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Sources of nitrogen to the high marsh/upland transition zone of a Virginia back-barrier system %M VCR_10123829_294 %1 Riddervold, L.B. 1995. Sources of nitrogen to the high marsh/upland transition zone of a Virginia back-barrier system. M.S. Thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. pp. 94 %0 Journal Article %A Ridolfi, L %A D'Odorico, P. %A Laio, F. %D 2007 %T Vegetation dynamics induced by phreatophyte-water table interactions %B J. Theor. Biol. %V 248 %P 301-310 %! Vegetation dynamics induced by phreatophyte-water table interactions %M VCR20080912_002 %0 Journal Article %A Ridolfi, L. %A D'Odorico, P. %A Laio, F. %A Tamea, S. %A Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. %D 2008 %T Coupled stochastic dynamics of water table and soil moisture in bare soil conditions %B Water Resources Research %V 44 %P W01435 %! Coupled stochastic dynamics of water table and soil moisture in bare soil conditions %M VCR20080912_001 %U doi:10.1029/2007WR006707 %0 Thesis %A Roberts, Stephen W. %D 2000 %T Primary production of Distichlis spicata and Spartina patens and effects of increased inundation in a salt marsh %B Biology %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %9 M.S. %! Primary production of Distichlis spicata and Spartina patens and effects of increased inundation in a salt marsh %M VCR_200012310020 %0 Thesis %A Robertson, Travis %D 2009 %T Spatial patterns of bacterial abundance in a seagrass restoration site on the Eastern Shore of Virginia (USA) %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA. %I University of Virginia %9 MA thesis %! Spatial patterns of bacterial abundance in a seagrass restoration site on the Eastern Shore of Virginia (USA) %M VCR_0100824_014 %O (faculty advisor, Blum) %0 Thesis %A Robertson, Wendy Marie %D 2009 %T Diurnal Variations in Nitrate Concentrations in the Cobb Mill Creek, VA %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville %I University of Virginia %9 M.S. Thesis %! Diurnal Variations in Nitrate Concentrations in the Cobb Mill Creek, VA %M VCR20090611_005 %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/Robertson_Wendy_MS_Thesis_2009.pdf %0 Thesis %A Robinson, S. E. %D 1994 %T Clay minerology and sediment texture of environments in a barrier island-lagoon system %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 102 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Clay minerology and sediment texture of environments in a barrier island-lagoon system %M VCR_10123829_296 %1 Robinson, S.E. 1994. Clay minerology and sediment texture of environments in a barrier island-lagoon system. M.S. Thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. pp. 102 %0 Journal Article %A Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. %A DíOdorico, P. %A Laio., F. %A Ridolfi, L. %A Tamea, S. %D 2007 %T Challenges in wetland ecohydrology: interactions of water table and unsaturated zone with climate, soil, and vegetation %B Water Resour Res. %V 43 %P W09301 %! Challenges in wetland ecohydrology: interactions of water table and unsaturated zone with climate, soil, and vegetation %M VCR20071001_01 %U doi:10.1029/2007WR006073 %0 Thesis %A Rosinski, Jennifer L. %D 2004 %T Controls on benthic biodiversity and trophic interactions in a temperate coastal lagoon %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Controls on benthic biodiversity and trophic interactions in a temperate coastal lagoon %M VCR_200412310025 %K biodiversity lagoon benthic fauna macroalgae grazing trophic location:lagoon core:Primary Productivity %O Under direction of Dr. K. McGlathery. May 2004. %0 Thesis %A Rounds, Rachel %D 2003 %T Nest-site selection and hatching success of four waterbird species in coastal Virginia. %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 MS Thesis %! Nest-site selection and hatching success of four waterbird species in coastal Virginia. %J MS thesis location:lagoon location:megasite core:Disturbance %M VCR_04194022252_01 %O submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu on Tue, 13 Jul 2004 14:22:52 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Rounds, Rachel %A Erwin, R Michael. %A Porter, John H. %D 2004 %T Nest-site selection and hatching success of waterbirds in coastal Virginia: Some results of habitat manipulation %B Journal of Field Ornithology %V 75 %N 4 %P 317-329 %! Nest-site selection and hatching success of waterbirds in coastal Virginia: Some results of habitat manipulation %J Journal of Field Ornithology %M VCR_04194021932_01 %K American Oystercatcher Black Skimmer coastal Virginia Common Tern Gull-billed Tern habitat manipulation sea-level rise shellpiles location:lagoon core:Disturbance %O submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu on Tue, 13 Jul 2004 14:19:32 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Thesis %A Rozas, L. %D 1987 %T Nekton Community Structure and Interactions of Submerged Plant Beds and Tidal Freshwater Marshes %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 102 %9 MS Thesis %! Nekton Community Structure and Interactions of Submerged Plant Beds and Tidal Freshwater Marshes %M VCR_10123829_297 %1 Rozas, L. 1987. Nekton Community Structure and Interactions of Submerged Plant Beds and Tidal Freshwater Marshes. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Rozas, L. P. %A McIvor, C. C. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1988 %T Intertidal rivulets and creekbanks: corridors between tidal creeks and marshes %B Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. %V 47 %P 303-307 %! Intertidal rivulets and creekbanks: corridors between tidal creeks and marshes %J Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. %M VCR_10123829_298 %1 Rozas, L.P., C.C. McIvor, W.E. Odum. 1988. Intertidal rivulets and creekbanks: corridors between tidal creeks and marshes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 47:303-307. %0 Journal Article %A Rozas, L. P. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1987 %T Fish and Macrocrustacean Use of Submerged Plant Beds in Tidal Freshwater Marsh Creeks %B Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. %V 38 %P 101-108 %! Fish and Macrocrustacean Use of Submerged Plant Beds in Tidal Freshwater Marsh Creeks %J Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. %M VCR_10123829_299 %1 Rozas, L.P., W.E. Odum. 1987. Fish and Macrocrustacean Use of Submerged Plant Beds in Tidal Freshwater Marsh Creeks. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 38:101-108. %0 Journal Article %A Rozas, L. P. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1987 %T The role of submerged aquatic vegetation in influencing the abundance of nekton on contiguous tidal freshwater marshes %B J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. %V 114 %P 289-300 %! The role of submerged aquatic vegetation in influencing the abundance of nekton on contiguous tidal freshwater marshes %J J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. %M VCR_10123829_300 %1 Rozas, L.P., W.E. Odum. 1987. The role of submerged aquatic vegetation in influencing the abundance of nekton on contiguous tidal freshwater marshes. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 114:289-300. %0 Journal Article %A Rozas, L. P. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1987 %T Use of Tidal Freshwater Marshes by Fishes and Macrofaunal Crustaceans along a Marsh Stream-Order Gradient %B Estuaries %V 10 %P 36-43 %! Use of Tidal Freshwater Marshes by Fishes and Macrofaunal Crustaceans along a Marsh Stream-Order Gradient %J Estuaries %M VCR_10123829_301 %1 Rozas, L.P., W.E. Odum. 1987. Use of Tidal Freshwater Marshes by Fishes and Macrofaunal Crustaceans along a Marsh Stream-Order Gradient. Estuaries 10:36-43. %0 Thesis %A Russell, Kristina M %D 2002 %T Characterization and Deposition of Atmospheric Nitrogen at the Mid-Atlantic U.S. Coast %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 Ph.D. Dissertation %! Characterization and Deposition of Atmospheric Nitrogen at the Mid-Atlantic U.S. Coast %M VCR_200212310021 %K Thesis, Nutrient movements, Nitrogen, N %0 Generic %A Russell, Kristina M. %A Galloway, James N. %A Keene, William C. %A McGlathery, Karen J. %D 2000 %T Characterization of particulate atmospheric nitrogen and implications for coastal deposition %B Eos Trans. AGU %V 81 %N 45 %! Characterization of particulate atmospheric nitrogen and implications for coastal deposition %M VCR_200012310024 %O Russell, K. M., J. N., Galloway, W. C. Keene, K. J. McGlathery, Characterization of particulate atmospheric nitrogen and implications for coastal deposition, Spring Meeting of the Americal Geophysical Union, Washington, Eos Trans. AGU, 81(45), 2000. from Bill Keene 9/2002 %0 Generic %A Russell, Kristina M. %A Keene, William C. %A Maben, J. R. %A Galloway, James N. %D 2001 %T Phase-partitioning and dry deposition of nitrogen at the mid-Atlantic U.S. coast %B Eos Trans. AGU %V 82 %N 47 %P F51 %! Phase-partitioning and dry deposition of nitrogen at the mid-Atlantic U.S. coast %M VCR_200112310022 %0 Journal Article %A Russell, Kristina M. %A Keene, William C. %A Maben, J. R. %A Galloway, James N. %A Moody, J. L. %D 2003 %T Phase partitioning and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen at the mid-Atlantic US coast %B Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres %V 108 %N D21 %P 4656 %8 Nov 1 %! Phase partitioning and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen at the mid-Atlantic US coast %M ISI:000186396400002 %K atmospheric nitrogen; dry deposition; sea-salt aerosols water-soluble nitrogen; polluted marine air; organic nitrogen; particle-size; united-states; nitric-acid; aerosol; sea; precipitation; ammonia %X [1] The deposition of atmospheric nitrogen contributes significantly to total nitrogen (TN) entering U. S. coastal water bodies. Nitrogen inputs via wet deposition are well quantified but dry-deposition fluxes are uncertain. In this study, dry fluxes of major atmospheric nitrogen species ( including gaseous NH3 and HNO3 and particulate NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, and organic nitrogen (ON)) were quantified during a 2-week summer sampling period at Lewes, Delaware, on the mid-Atlantic U. S. coast. Results indicate that dry deposition contributed approximately 43% to total atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Under all flow conditions, NH3(g) accounted for the largest fraction of TN dry deposition ( averaging 60%); HNO3(g) and NO3- also contributed considerably ( averaging 25 and 8%, respectively). During onshore flow, scavenging of HNO3(g) by sea-salt aerosols shifted the phase partitioning and relative dry fluxes of total NO3 (HNO3(g) + NO3-) toward particulate NO3-. The mass-weighted deposition velocities for particulate NO3- ( associated primarily with sea-salt size fractions) were similar to those of HNO3(g). Consequently, phase changes did not substantially alter the dry-deposition fluxes of total NO3. In light of these results, dry-deposition monitoring programs at coastal locations should (1) quantify NH3(g) deposition; (2) reliably sample supermicron particles ( with which most particulate NO3- is associated); and (3) apply deposition models for particulate nitrogen that are consistent with corresponding size distributions. %U ://000186396400002 %0 Generic %A Russell, Kristina M. %A Maben, J. R. %A Keene, William C. %A Galloway, James N. %D 2000 %T Controlling the Phase Partitioning of Gaseous and Particulate NH3/NH4+ at the mid-Atlantic U.S. Coast: Preliminary Results, The Significance of Ammonia to Coastal and Estuarine Areas, Airsheds and Watersheds %B Third Shared Resources Workshop, Chesapeake Bay Program, Great Waters Program, and Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association %C Dewey Beach, Delaware %! Controlling the Phase Partitioning of Gaseous and Particulate NH3/NH4+ at the mid-Atlantic U.S. Coast: Preliminary Results, The Significance of Ammonia to Coastal and Estuarine Areas, Airsheds and Watersheds %M VCR_200012310023 %0 Journal Article %A Sande, E. %A Young, Donald R. %D 1992 %T Effect of sodium chloride on the growth and nitrogenase activity of Myrica cerifera seedlings %B New Phytologist %V 120 %P 345-350 %! Effect of sodium chloride on the growth and nitrogenase activity of Myrica cerifera seedlings %J New Phytologist %M VCR_10123829_302 %1 Sande, E. and D.R. Young. 1992. Effect of sodium chloride on the growth and nitrogenase activity of Myrica cerifera seedlings. New Phytologist 120:345-350. Notes= submitted by dyoung@felix.vcu.edu, Wed Nov 29 EST 1995 End_notes %O submitted by dyoung@felix.vcu.edu, Wed Nov 29 EST 1995 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Sanders, G. %A Prosser, D. J. %A Erwin, R Michael. %D 2001 %T Sea-level rise and salt marsh dynamics: Changes in Atlantic coastal waterbird habitats %B 2nd biennial Coastal GeoTools Conference, NOAA/CSC 20114-CD (CD-ROM) %C Charleston SC %I NOAA Coastal Sciences Center %! Sea-level rise and salt marsh dynamics: Changes in Atlantic coastal waterbird habitats %M VCR_1022460_17 %1 Sanders, G., D.J. Prosser, and R.M. Erwin. 2001. Sea-level rise and salt marsh dynamics: Changes in Atlantic coastal waterbird habitats. Proceedings of the 2nd biennial Coastal GeoTools Conference, NOAA/CSC 20114-CD (CD-ROM). Charleston SC: NOAA Coastal Sciences Center :. Keywords=sea-level rise, salt marsh dynamics, waterbird habitats , megasite , disturb , outreach End_keywords NSFAck=N Notes= submitted by rme5g@virginia.edu, Tue Aug 13 EDT 2002 End_notes %K sea-level rise, salt marsh dynamics, waterbird habitats , megasite , disturb , outreach %0 Thesis %A Santos, Marcio CFV. %D 1997 %T Intertidal salinity buildup and salt flat development in temperate salt marshes: a case study of the salt flats at the Virginia Barrier Islands %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 345-350 %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Intertidal salinity buildup and salt flat development in temperate salt marshes: a case study of the salt flats at the Virginia Barrier Islands %M VCR_10123829_303 %1 Santos, M.C.F.V. 1997. Intertidal salinity buildup and salt flat development in temperate salt marshes: a case study of the salt flats at the Virginia Barrier Islands. Ph.D Dissertation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. Pp. 226. Advisor: J. Zieman %0 Book Section %A Santos, Marcio CFV. %A Zieman, Joseph C. %A Cohen, R. R.H. %D 1997 %T Interpreting the upper mid-littoral zonation patterns of Maranhao state mangals, northern Brazil, as a response to microtopography and local hydrology %E Kjerfve, B. J. %E Lacerda, L. D. de %E Diop, E. H.S. %B Mangrove Ecosystem Studies in Latin America and Africa %C Paris %I UNESCO %P 127-144 %! Interpreting the upper mid-littoral zonation patterns of Maranhao state mangals, northern Brazil, as a response to microtopography and local hydrology %M VCR_10123829_305 %1 Santos, M.C.F.V., J.C. Zieman, and R.R.H. Cohen. 1997. Interpreting the upper mid-littoral zonation patterns of Maranhao state mangals, northern Brazil, as a response to microtopography and local hydrology. In: B.J. Kjerfve, L.D. de Lacerda and E. H. S. Diop, eds: Mangrove Ecosystem Studies in Latin America and Africa. pp. 127-144. UNESCO, Paris, publishers %0 Journal Article %A Scanlon, T. M., and P. Sahu %D 2008 %T On the correlation structure of water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmospheric surface layer: A basis for flux partitioning %B Water Resources Research %V 44 %P W10418 %! On the correlation structure of water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmospheric surface layer: A basis for flux partitioning %M VCR20080812_001 %U doi:10.1029/2008WR006932 %0 Journal Article %A Schneider, R. L. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1992 %T Barrier Island Interdunal Freshwater Wetlands %B J. Southeastern Biologists. %! Barrier Island Interdunal Freshwater Wetlands %M VCR_10123829_306 %1 Schneider, R.L., W.E. Odum. 1992. Barrier Island Interdunal Freshwater Wetlands. J. Southeastern Biologists. %0 Journal Article %A Scott, D. E. %A Dueser, Raymond D. %D 1992 %T Habitat use by insular populations of Mus and Peromyscus: What is the role of competition? %B J. Animal Ecology %V 61 %P 329-338 %! Habitat use by insular populations of Mus and Peromyscus: What is the role of competition? %J Habitat use by insular populations of Mus and Peromyscus: What is the role of competition? J. Animal Ecology %M VCR_10123829_307 %1 Scott, D.E. and R.D. Dueser. 1992. Habitat use by insular populations of Mus and Peromyscus: What is the role of competition? J. Animal Ecology 61:329-338. %0 Book Section %A Seastedt, T. R. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %A Owensby, C. E. %A Knapp, A. K. %D 1998 %T Climate change, elevated CO2, predictive modeling: past and future climate change scenarios for the tallgrass prairie %E Knapp, A. %E Briggs, J. %E Hartnett, D. %E Collins, S. %B Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. %C New York %I Oxford University Press %P 283-300 %! Climate change, elevated CO2, predictive modeling: past and future climate change scenarios for the tallgrass prairie %M VCR_10123829_308 %1 Seastedt, T. R., B. P. Hayden, C. E. Owensby and A. K. Knapp. 1998. Climate change, elevated CO\2\, predictive modeling: past and future climate change scenarios for the tallgrass prairie. Pages 283-300 in A. Knapp, J. Briggs, D. Hartnett, and S. Collins. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Oxford University Press. NY. . Notes: submitted by bhayden, Mon Jul 6 EDT 1998 :: %0 Conference Proceedings %A Selavo, L. %A Wood, A. %A Cao, Q. %A Sookoor, T. %A Liu, H. %A Srinivasan, A. %A Wu, Y. %A Kang, W. %A Stankovic, J. %A Young, D. %A Porter, J. %D 2007 %T LUSTER: wireless sensor network for environmental research %B Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems %C Sydney, Australia %8 November 06-09, 2007 %! LUSTER: wireless sensor network for environmental research %M VCR20090729_001 %0 Thesis %A Semones, S. W. %D 1994 %T A probable VAM association in the actinorhizal shrub Myrica cerifera on a Virginia barrier island %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %P 52 %9 M.S. Thesis %! A probable VAM association in the actinorhizal shrub Myrica cerifera on a Virginia barrier island %M VCR_10123829_309 %1 Semones, S.W. 1994. A probable VAM association in the actinorhizal shrub Myrica cerifera on a Virginia barrier island. M.S. Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. pp. 52. Advisor: D. Young %0 Journal Article %A Semones, S. W. %A Young, Donald R. %D 1995 %T VAM association in the shrub Myrica cerifera on a Virginia, USA barrier island %B Mycorrhiza %V 5 %P 423-429 %! VAM association in the shrub Myrica cerifera on a Virginia, USA barrier island %J Mycorrhiza %M VCR_10123829_310 %1 Semones, S.W. and D.R. Young. 1995. VAM association in the shrub Myrica cerifera on a Virginia, USA barrier island. Mycorrhiza 5:423-429. Notes= submitted by dyoung@felix.vcu.edu, Wed Nov 29 EST 1995 End_notes %O submitted by dyoung@felix.vcu.edu, Wed Nov 29 EST 1995 %0 Thesis %A Shafer, Justin %D 2010 %T Interisland variability of dune plant community structure on Virginia's barrier islands %B Biology %C Norfolk, VA %I Old Dominion University %9 M.S. Thesis %! Interisland variability of dune plant community structure on Virginia's barrier islands %M VCR_20100816_006 %0 Journal Article %A Shao, Guofan %A Halpin, P. %D 1995 %T Climatic control of eastern North-American coastal tree and shrub distributions %B Journal of Biogeography %V 22 %P 1083-1089 %! Climatic control of eastern North-American coastal tree and shrub distributions %J Journal of Biogeography %M VCR_10123829_311 %1 Shao, G. and P. Halpin. 1995. Climatic control of eastern North-American coastal tree and shrub distributions. Journal of Biogeography 22:1083-1089. Notes= submitted by gs6t@virginia.edu, Fri Dec 17 EST 1999 End_notes %O submitted by gs6t@virginia.edu, Fri Dec 17 EST 1999 %0 Book Section %A Shao, Guofan %A Liu, D. %D 1999 %T A SSD Feature Extraction Method for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data %E Xu, G. %E Chen, Y. %B Towards Digital Earth, proceedings of the International Symposium on Digital Earth, held in Beijing, China, Nov. 29 - Dec. 2., 1999. %P 654 - 659 %! A SSD Feature Extraction Method for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data %M VCR_10123829_324 %1 Shao, G. and D. Liu. 1999. A SSD Feature Extraction Method for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data. Pages 654 - 659 in G.Xu and Y. Chen. Towards Digital Earth, pro ceedings of the International Symposium on Digital Earth, held in Beijing, China, Nov. 29 - Dec. 2., 1999. Notes= submitted by gs6t@virginia.edu, Fri Dec 17 16:02 :10 EST 1999 End_notes %0 Book Section %A Shao, Guofan %A Porter, John H. %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1993 %T Shrub thicket dynamics on Hog Island, Virginia %B Arc/Info Maps 1992 %C Redlands California. %I Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. %P 48 %! Shrub thicket dynamics on Hog Island, Virginia %M VCR_10123829_323 %1 Shao, G. J.H. Porter and H.H. Shugart. 1993. Shrub thicket dynamics on Hog Island, Virginia. [Computer Generated Maps] p. 48 in Arc/Info Maps 1992. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., Redlands California. %0 Journal Article %A Shao, Guofan %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1997 %T A compatible growth-density stand model derived from a distance-dependent individual tree model %B Forest Science %V 43 %P 443-446 %! A compatible growth-density stand model derived from a distance-dependent individual tree model %J Forest Science %M VCR_10123829_44 %1 Shao, G. and H.H. Shugart. 1997. A compatible growth-density stand model derived from a distance-dependent individual tree model. Forest Science 43:443-446. Notes= submitted by gs6t@virginia.edu, Fri Dec 17 EST 1999 End_notes %O submitted by gs6t@virginia.edu, Fri Dec 17 EST 1999 %0 Journal Article %A Shao, Guofan %A Shugart, Herman H. %D 2001 %T Suggestions for biometrical improvements in forest gap models %B Journal of Mathematical Modeling and Scientific Computing %V 13 %P 239-248 %! Suggestions for biometrical improvements in forest gap models %M VCR_200112310026 %0 Journal Article %A Shao, Guofan %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1996 %T Functional classifications for coastal barrier island vegetation %B Journal of Vegetation Science %V 7 %P 391-396 %! Functional classifications for coastal barrier island vegetation %J Journal of Vegetation Science %M VCR_10123829_329 %1 Shao, G., H.H. Shugart, and B.P. Hayden. 1996. Functional classifications for coastal barrier island vegetation. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:391-396. %0 Journal Article %A Shao, Guofan %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Smith, T. M. %D 1995 %T A role-type model (ROPE) and its application in assessing climate change impacts on forest landscapes %B Vegetatio %V 121 %N 1-2 %P 135-146 %8 Dec %! A role-type model (ROPE) and its application in assessing climate change impacts on forest landscapes %M ISI:A1995TQ95500014 %K forest landscape; forest structure; gap model; global change; northeastern China; role-type model biome model; scale; balance %X Gap-phase replacement is a general phenomenon found in forest ecosystems, worldwide. Different tree species can be expected to produce different sizes of gaps when they die. Species also vary in their regeneration success in gaps of different sizes. In this paper, the gap-phase interactions among tree species in a forest stand are simulated by a role-type stand model called ROPE. By incorporation of environmental effects on tree height, ROPE can simulate forest composition and stand leaf area under different climate conditions. The model was developed for forest ecosystems in northeastern China and was used to simulate the forest landscape structures under current climate conditions and under four climate change scenarios for greenhouse gas related warming. These scenarios were obtained from general circulation models developed by different atmospheric research centers. Korean pine-broadleaf mixed forest and larch forest are the major stand types in the study area under present conditions. Under the four climate change scenarios, Korean pine-broadleaf mixed forest would be expected to occur only on the higher parts of large mountains. Larch forest only would be found north of the study area. Broadleaf forest would become the dominant vegetation over the study area. Use of the Kappa statistic to test for similarity in spatial maps, indicates that each climate change scenario would result in a significant change of forest distributions. %U ://A1995TQ95500014 %0 Journal Article %A Shao, Guofan %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Young, Donald R. %D 1995 %T Simulation of transpiration sensitivity to environmental changes for shrub (Myrica cerifera) thickets on a Virginia barrier island %B Ecological Modelling. %V 78 %P 235-248 %! Simulation of transpiration sensitivity to environmental changes for shrub (Myrica cerifera) thickets on a Virginia barrier island %J Ecological Modelling. %M VCR_10123829_328 %1 Shao, G., H.H. Shugart and D.R. Young. 1995. Simulation of transpiration sensitivity to environmental changes for shrub (Myrica cerifera) thickets on a Virginia barrier island. Ecological Modelling. 78: 235-248. %0 Journal Article %A Shao, Guofan %A Young, Donald R. %A Porter, John H. %A Hayden, Bruce P. %D 1998 %T An integration of remote sensing and GIS to examine the responses of shrub thicket distributions to shoreline changes on Virginia Barrier Islands %B Journal of Coastal Research %V 14 %N 1 %P 299-307 %8 Win %! An integration of remote sensing and GIS to examine the responses of shrub thicket distributions to shoreline changes on Virginia Barrier Islands %J J. Coast. Res. %M ISI:000071622500024 %K Virginia Coast Reserve; landscape dynamics; modeling; spatial change myrica-cerifera; vegetation; dynamics; coast %X The high-water-shoreline positions in 1852, 1871, 1910, 1919, 1943, 1955, 1967, 1980, and 1990 for Hog Island, a barrier island located at the eastern shore of Virginia, were determined with the NOS T-sheets and aerial photographs. Shrub thicket distributions for northern Hog Island were extracted from black/white and infrared: color aerial photographs for the years of 1949, 1962, 1974, and 1989. The overlay operations between shrub age and land age data layers indicated that shrub coverage on Hog Island was closely related with shoreline changes. By examining 138-year shoreline changes on 50-m- interval transects of Hog Island, it was found that the sine function could describe shoreline change patterns better than earlier used simple models. The overlay between old NOS T- sheets and 1993 TM satellite image suggested that there would be at least three types of shoreline changes for different barrier islands. All these three types of shoreline change patterns could be interpreted with the sine function model. The potential distribution of shrub thickets on Hog Island was simulated based on the shoreline change model. The shrub line and shoreline positions were closely related with each other, but there were time lags between shrub thicket expansion and shoreline accretion. %O Article YT592 J COASTAL RES %U ://000071622500024 %0 Book %A Shao, Guofan %A Zhao, S. %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1995 %T Forest Dynamics Modelling (in Chinese) %I China's Forestry Publication House. %! Forest Dynamics Modelling (in Chinese) %M VCR_10123829_331 %1 Shao, G., S. Zhao and H.H. Shugart. 1995. Forest Dynamics Modelling (in Chinese). China's Forestry Publication House. %0 Journal Article %A Sharp, J. H. %A Rinker, K. R. %A Savidge, K. B. %A Abell, J. %A Benaim, J. Y. %A Bronk, D. %A Burdige, D. J. %A Cauwet, G. %A Chen, W. %A Doval, M. D. %A Hansell, D. %A Hopkinson, C. %A Kattner, G. %A Kaumeyer, N. %A McGlathery, Karen J. %A Merriam, J. %A Morley, N. %A Nagel, K. %A Ogawa, H. %A Pollard, C. %A Raimbault, P. %A Sambrotto, R. %A Seitzinger, S. %A Spyres, G. %A Tirendi, F. %A Walsh, T. W. %A Wong, C. S. %D 2002 %T Preliminary methods comparison for measurement of dissolved organic nitrogen in seawater %B Marine Chemistry %V 78 %P 171-184 %! Preliminary methods comparison for measurement of dissolved organic nitrogen in seawater %J Marine Chemistry %M VCR_03211033126_01 %K location:lagoon core:Nutrient Cycling %O submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu on Thu, 31 Jul 2003 15:31:26 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Thesis %A Shiflett, Sheri %D 2008 %T Avian seed dispersal on Virginia barrier islands: potential influence on vegetation community structure and patch dynamics %B Dept. of Biology %C Richmond, Virginia %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 MS thesis %! Avian seed dispersal on Virginia barrier islands: potential influence on vegetation community structure and patch dynamics %J MS thesis %M VCR_08212105239_01 %K location:island location:megasite core:Primary Productivity %O submitted by dryoung@vcu.edu on Thu, 31 Jul 2008 10:52:39 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/Shiflett2008/Shiflett_thesis2008.pdf %0 Journal Article %A Shiflett, S.A. %A Young, D.R. %D 2010 %T Avian seed dispersal on Virginia barrier islands: potential influence on vegetation community structure and patch dynamics %B American Midland Naturalist %V 164 %P 91-106 %! Avian seed dispersal on Virginia barrier islands: potential influence on vegetation community structure and patch dynamics %M VCR_20100901_002 %0 Journal Article %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1987 %T Dynamic Ecosystem Consequences of Tree Birth and Death Patterns %B Bioscience %V 37 %P 596-602 %! Dynamic Ecosystem Consequences of Tree Birth and Death Patterns %J Bioscience %M VCR_10123829_354 %1 Shugart. H.H. 1987. Dynamic Ecosystem Consequences of Tree Birth and Death Patterns. Bioscience 37:596-602. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1988 %T The Role of Ecological Models in Long-Term Ecological Studies %E Likens, G. E. %B Long-term studies in Ecology %C New York %I Springer-Verlag %P 90-109 %! The Role of Ecological Models in Long-Term Ecological Studies %M VCR_10123829_333 %1 Shugart, H.H. 1988. The Role of Ecological Models in Long-Term Ecological Studies. pp. 90-109. In G.E. Likens (ed.), Long-term studies in Ecology. Springer-Verlag, NY. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1988 %T Scale, Synthesis, and Ecosystem Dynamics %E Pomeroy, L. R. %E Alberts, J. J. %B Concepts of Ecosystem Ecology %C New York %I Springer-Verlag %P 279-290 %! Scale, Synthesis, and Ecosystem Dynamics %M VCR_10123829_345 %1 Shugart, H.H., D.L. Urban. 1988. Scale, Synthesis, and Ecosystem Dynamics, p. 279-290. In L.R. Pomeroy, J.J. Alberts (eds.), Concepts of Ecosystem Ecology, Springer-Verlag, NY. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1990 %T Modeling Future Changes of Vegetation Sucession %B Symposium on Global Change Systems %C Boston, MA %I Amer. Meteorological Soc. %P 61-67 %! Modeling Future Changes of Vegetation Sucession %M VCR_10123829_334 %1 Shugart, H.H. 1990. Modeling Future Changes of Vegetation Sucession, p. 61-67. In Symposium on Global Change Systems, Amer. Meteorological Soc., Boston, MA. %0 Journal Article %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1990 %T Using Ecosystem Models to Assess Potential Consequences of Global Climatic Change %B Trends in Ecology and Evolution %V 5 %P 303-307 %! Using Ecosystem Models to Assess Potential Consequences of Global Climatic Change %J Trends in Ecology and Evolution %M VCR_10123829_335 %1 Shugart, H.H. 1990. Using Ecosystem Models to Assess Potential Consequences of Global Climatic Change. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 5:303-307. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1990 %T Ecological Models and the Ecotone %E Naiman, R. J. %E deChampes, H. %B Ecology and Management of Aquatic Terrestrial Ecotones %I Pantheon Publishing %P 23-36 %! Ecological Models and the Ecotone %M VCR_10123829_355 %1 Shugart. H.H. 1990. Ecological Models and the Ecotone, p. 23-36. In R.J. Naiman, H. deChampes (eds.), Ecology and Management of Aquatic Terrestrial Ecotones. Pantheon Publishing. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1992 %T Global change %E Solomon, A. M. %E Shugart, H. H. %B Vegetation Dynamics and Global Change %C New York %I Chapman and Hall %! Global change %M VCR_10123829_338 %1 Shugart, H.H. 1992. Global change. In A.M. Solomon, H.H. Shugart (eds.), Vegetation Dynamics and Global Change. Chapman and Hall, N.Y. %O? Year of pub 1992 or 1993? %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1992 %T Patterns in space and time in boreal forests %E Shugart, H. H. %E Leemans, R. %E Bonan, G. B. %B A Systems Analysis of Global Boreal Forest %C Cambridge %I Cambridge University Press %P 192-195 %! Patterns in space and time in boreal forests %M VCR_10123829_339 %1 Shugart, H.H. 1992. Patterns in space and time in boreal forests (pp. 192-195). In Shugart, H. H. R. Leemans and G. B. Bonan (eds.). A Systems Analysis of Global Boreal Forest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1993 %T Concluding Comments %E Shugart, H. H. %E Leemans, R. %E Bonan, G. B. %B A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest %C Cambridge %I Cambridge University Press %P 323-324 %! Concluding Comments %M VCR_10123829_336 %1 Shugart, H.H. 1991. Concluding Comments, p. 465-469. In Shugart, H.H., R. Leemans, G.B. Bonan (eds.), A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. %O? year of publication 91,92 or 93? %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1993 %T Vegetation and Climate %E Schneider, S. H. %B Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather %C New York. %I Simon and Schuster %! Vegetation and Climate %M VCR_10123829_340 %1 Shugart, H.H. 1993. Vegetation and Climate. In S.H. Schneider (ed.), Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather. Simon and Schuster, New York. %0 Journal Article %A Shugart, Herman H. %D 2000 %T The importance of structure in the longer-term dynamics of ecosystems %B Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres %V 105 %P 20065-20075 %! The importance of structure in the longer-term dynamics of ecosystems %M VCR_200012310028 %0 Journal Article %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Bonan, G. B. %A Rastetter, E. B. %D 1989 %T Niche theory and community organization %B Can. J. Bot. %V 66 %P 2634-2639 %! Niche theory and community organization %J Can. J. Bot. %M VCR_10123829_349 %1 Shugart, H.H., G.B. Bonan, E.B. Rastetter. 1989. Niche theory and community organization. Can. J. Bot. 66:2634-2639. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Bonan, G. B. %A Urban, D. L. %A Lauenroth, W. K. %A Parton, W. J. %A Hornberger, G. M. %D 1989 %T Computer Models and Long Term Ecological Research %E Goerke, W. %B Long-term Ecological Research: A Global Perspective. The German National Committee for the UNESCO-Programme %C Bonn, DDR. %I "Man and the Biosphere" (MAB) %P 217-266 %! Computer Models and Long Term Ecological Research %M VCR_10123829_347 %1 Shugart, H.H., G.B. Bonan, D.L. Urban, W.K. Lauenroth, W.J. Parton, G.M. Hornberger. 1989. Computer Models and Long Term Ecological Research, p. 217-266. In W. Goerke (ed.), Long-term Ecological Research: A Global Perspective. The German National Committee for the UNESCO-Programme, "Man and the Biosphere" (MAB), Bonn, DDR. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Bonan, G. B. %A Urban, D. L. %A Lauenroth, W. K. %A Parton, W. J. %A Hornberger, G. M. %D 1991 %T Computer Models and Long-term Ecological Research and Global Change %E Risser, P. R. %B SCOPE. %C London %I John Wiley %! Computer Models and Long-term Ecological Research and Global Change %M VCR_10123829_348 %1 Shugart, H.H., G.B. Bonan, D.L. Urban, W.K. Lauenroth, W.J. Parton, G.M. Hornberger. 1991. p. 211-239. In P.R. Risser (ed.), Computer Models and Long-term Ecological Research and Global Change. SCOPE. John Wiley, London. %0 Journal Article %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Emanuel, W. R. %A Shao, Guofan %D 1996 %T Models of forest structure for conditions of climatic change %B Commonwealth Forestry Review %V 75 %N 1 %P 51-64 %! Models of forest structure for conditions of climatic change %J Commonwealth Forestry Review %M VCR_10123829_353 %1 Shugart, H.H., W.R. Emanuel, and G. Shao. 1996. Models of forest structure for conditions of climatic change. Commonwealth Forestry Review 75(1):51-64. %0 Book %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Leemans, R. %A Bonan, G. B. %D 1992 %T A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest %C Cambridge, UK %I Cambridge University Press %P 565 %! A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest %M VCR_10123829_356 %1 Shugart. H.H., R. Leemans and G.B. Bonan (eds.) 1992a. A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 565 pp. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Leemans, R. %A Bonan, G. B. %D 1992 %T Introduction %E Shugart, H. H. %E Leemans, R. %E Bonan, G. B. %B A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest %C Cambridge, UK %I Cambridge University Press %P 1-8 %! Introduction %M VCR_10123829_357 %1 Shugart. H.H., R. Leemans and G.B. Bonan. 1992b. Introduction (pp. 1-8). In Shugart, H.H., R. Leemans and G.B. Bonan (eds.) A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Michaels, P. J. %A Smith, T. M. %A Weinstein, D. A. %A Rastetter, E. B. %D 1988 %T Simulation Models of Forest Succession %E Rosswall, T. %E Woodmansee, R. G. %E Risser, P. G. %B Scales and Global Changes: Spatial and Temporal Variability in Biospheric and Geospheric Processes. %C London %I John Wiley and Sons %P 125-151 %! Simulation Models of Forest Succession %M VCR_10123829_350 %1 Shugart, H.H., Michaels, P.J., Smith, T.M., Weinstein, D.A., Rastetter, E.B. 1988. Simulation Models of Forest Succession, p. 125-151. In T. Rosswall, R.G. Woodmansee, P.G. Risser (eds.), Scales and Global Changes: Spatial and Temporal Variability in Biospheric and Geospheric Processes. John Wiley and Sons, London. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Prentice, I. C. %D 1992 %T Individual tree-based models of forest dynamics and their application in global change research %E Shugart, H. H. %E Leemans, R. %E Bonan, G. B. %B A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest %C Cambridge %I Cambridge University Press %P 313-333 %! Individual tree-based models of forest dynamics and their application in global change research %M VCR_10123829_342 %1 Shugart, H.H. and I.C. Prentice. 1992. Individual tree-based models of forest dynamics and their application in global change research (pp. 313-333). In Shugart, H. H., R. Leemans and G. B. Bonan (eds.) A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. %0 Journal Article %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Smith, T. M. %D 1992 %T Modelling boreal forest dynamics in response to environmental change %B Unaslyva %V 43 %P 30-38 %! Modelling boreal forest dynamics in response to environmental change %J Unaslyva %M VCR_10123829_343 %1 Shugart, H.H. and T.M. Smith. 1992. Modelling boreal forest dynamics in response to environmental change. Unaslyva 43:30-38. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Smith, T. M. %D 1992 %T Using computer models to project ecosystem response, habitat change, and wildlife diversity %E Peters, R. L. %E Lovejoy, T. E. %B Global Warming and biological Diversity %C New Haven. %I Yale University Press %P 147-157 %! Using computer models to project ecosystem response, habitat change, and wildlife diversity %M VCR_10123829_344 %1 Shugart, H.H. and T.M. Smith. 1992. Using computer models to project ecosystem response, habitat change, and wildlife diversity (pp. 147-157). In Peters, R.L. and T E. Lovejoy (eds.) Global Warming and biological Diversity. Yale University Press, New Haven. %0 Journal Article %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Smith, T. M. %A Post, W. M. %D 1992 %T The application of individual-based simulation models for assessing the effects of global change %B Ann. Rev. Ecology Systematics %V 23 %P 15-38 %! The application of individual-based simulation models for assessing the effects of global change %J Ann. Rev. Ecology Systematics %M VCR_10123829_352 %1 Shugart, H.H., T.M. Smith, W.M. Post 1992. The application of individual-based simulation models for assessing the effects of global change. Ann. Rev. Ecology Systematics 23:15-38. %0 Book Section %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Urban, D. L. %D 1989 %T Factors Affecting the Relative Abundances of Forest Tree Species, p %E Grubb, P. J. %E Whittaker, J. B. %B Toward a More Exact Ecology. Jubilee Symposium of the British Ecological Society. %C Oxford %I Blackwell %P 249-274 %! Factors Affecting the Relative Abundances of Forest Tree Species, p %M VCR_10123829_346 %1 Shugart, H.H., D.L. Urban. 1989. Factors Affecting the Relative Abundances of Forest Tree Species, p. 249-274. In P.J. Grubb, J.B. Whittaker (eds.), Toward a More Exact Ecology. Jubilee Symposium of the British Ecological Society. Blackwell, Oxford. %0 Thesis %A Silliman, Brian R. %D 1999 %T Nitrogen vs Grazer control of Spartina alterniflora growth: Implications for top-down control of community structure %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 M.S. Thesis %! Nitrogen vs Grazer control of Spartina alterniflora growth: Implications for top-down control of community structure %M VCR_10123829_358 %1 Silliman, B.R. 1999. Nitrogen vs Grazer control of Spartina alterniflora growth: Implications for top-down control of community structure. M.S. Thesis, University of Virginia, Advisor J. Zieman. %0 Journal Article %A Silliman, Brian R. %A Layman, Craig A. %A Geyer, K. %A Zieman, Joseph C. %D 2004 %T Predation by the black-clawed mud crab, Panopeus herbstii, in Mid-Atlantic salt marshes: Further evidence for top-down control of marsh grass production %B Estuaries %V 27 %N 2 %P 188-196 %8 Apr %! Predation by the black-clawed mud crab, Panopeus herbstii, in Mid-Atlantic salt marshes: Further evidence for top-down control of marsh grass production %M ISI:000221826300002 %K spartina-alterniflora production; eurypanopeus-depressus; callinectes-sapidus; community structure; species-diversity; eurytium-limosum; trophic cascades; north-carolina; blue-crab; food-web %X Although top-down control of plant growth has been shown in a variety of marine systems, it is widely thought to be unimportant in salt marshes. Recent caging experiments in Virginia and Georgia have challenged this notion and shown that the dominant marsh grazer (the periwinkle, Littoraria irrorata) not only suppresses plant growth, but can denude marsh substrate at high densities. In these same marshes, our field observations suggest that the black-clawed mud crab, Panopeus herbstii, is an abundant and potentially important top-down determinant of periwinkle density. No studies have quantitatively examined Panopeus distribution or trophic interactions in marsh systems, and its potential impacts on community structure remained unexplored. We investigated distribution and feeding habits of Panopeus in eight salt marshes along the Mid-Atlantic seashore (Delaware-North Carolina). We found that mud crabs were abundant in tall (4-82 ind m(-2)), intermediate (0-15 ind m(-2)), and short-form (0-5 ind m(-2)) Spartina alterniflora zones in all marshes and that crab densities were negatively correlated with tidal height and positively correlated with bivalve density. Excavation of crab lairs routinely produced shells of plant-grazing snails (up to 36 lair(-1)) and bivalves. Lab experiments confirmed that mud crabs readily consume these abundant marsh molluscs. To experimentally examine potential community effects of observed predation patterns, we manipulated crab and periwinkle densities in a 1-mo field experiment. Results showed that Panopeus can suppress gastropod abundance and that predation rates increase with increasing snail density. In turn, crab suppression of snail density reduces grazing intensity on salt marsh cordgrass, suggesting presence of a trophic cascade. These results indicate that this previously under-appreciated consumer is an important and indirect determinant of community structure and contribute to a growing body of evidence challenging the long-standing notion that consumers play a minor role in regulating marsh plant growth. %U ://000221826300002 %0 Journal Article %A Silliman, Brian R. %A Zieman, Joseph C. %D 2001 %T Top-down control of Spartina alterniflora production by periwinkle grazing in a Virginia salt marsh %B Ecology %V 82 %N 10 %P 2830-2845 %8 Oct %! Top-down control of Spartina alterniflora production by periwinkle grazing in a Virginia salt marsh %J Ecology %M ISI:000171863100013 %K cordgrass; grazing; Littoraria irrorata; mesograzers; nitrogen enrichment; periwinkles; plant-herbivore interactions; salt marsh; Spartina alterniflora; top-down vs. bottom-up control; trophic cascade plant community structure; standing-dead spartina; littorina- irrorata; smooth cordgrass; sulfide concentration; littoraria- irrorata; growth; herbivory; nutrient; consumer %X Top-down forces, such as grazing and predation, have long been thought to be unimportant in controlling plant growth in salt marshes. Instead, bottom-up forces, such as porewater ammonium and oxygen availability, are thought to be the primary regulating factors. In the field, we observed the periwinkle, Littoraria irrorata, grazing on live saltmarsh cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora. To examine the relative importance of periwinkle grazing and nutrient availability in controlling marsh grass growth, we manipulated snail and nitrogen levels in a season-long field experiment in a Virginia salt marsh. Snails differentially affected plant growth at varying nitrogen levels. III unfertilized plots, snail removal increased S. alterniflora aboveground production by 38%, whereas in nitrogen addition plots, snail removal increased cordgrass growth by 78%. Snail addition decreased aboveground production by 51% in unfertilized stands, while in fertilized stands, snail addition led to even greater reductions (66%). By comparison, nitrogen addition increased S. alterniflora production by 443% in snail removal treatments, while in controls and snail addition treatments, fertilization effects were dampened significantly, as nitrogen enrichment increased marsh grass growth by 322% and 189%, respectively. Feeding assays examining the rate at which snails ingested live S. alterniflora revealed that snail consumption alone could not be responsible for these large biomass reductions. Experimental results suggest that grazer- induced defoliation and grazer control of plant demand for nitrogen fertilizer were the likely mechanisms involved. A survey of salt marshes from Maryland to Georgia showed that periwinkle grazing on live S. alterniflora is widespread. Our results show that L. irrorata can exert strong top-down control of S. alterniflora production, and that this effect increases with increasing nitrogen avaliability. Together, these findings question the widely accepted notion that grazers play a relatively unimportant role in the salt marsh community. %O 487FN ECOLOGY %U ://000171863100013 %0 Journal Article %A Smith, T. M. %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1993 %T Transient response of terrestrial carbon storage to a perturbed climate %B Nature %V 361 %P 523-526 %! Transient response of terrestrial carbon storage to a perturbed climate %J Nature %M VCR_10123829_360 %1 Smith, T.M. and H.H. Shugart. 1993. Transient response of terrestrial carbon storage to a perturbed climate. Nature 361:523-526. %0 Journal Article %A Smith, T. M. %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Bonan, G. B. %A Smith, J. B. %D 1992 %T Modeling the potential response of vegetation to global climate change %B Advances in Ecological Research %V 22 %P 93-116 %! Modeling the potential response of vegetation to global climate change %J Advances in Ecological Research %M VCR_10123829_363 %1 Smith, T.M., H.H. Shugart, G.B. Bonan, J.B. Smith. 1992. Modeling the potential response of vegetation to global climate change. Advances in Ecological Research 22:93-116. %0 Book Section %A Smith, T. M. %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Urban, D. L. %A Lauenroth, W. K. %A Coffin, D. P. %A Kirchner, T.B %D 1989 %T Modeling Vegetation Across Biomes: Forest-Grassland Transition %E Sjorgren, E. %B Forests of the World: Diversity and Dynamics %C Uppsala, Sweden %I Svneska Vasgeografiska Sallskapet %P 240-241 %! Modeling Vegetation Across Biomes: Forest-Grassland Transition %M VCR_10123829_361 %1 Smith, T.M., H.H. Shugart, D.L. Urban, W.K. Lauenroth, D.P. Coffin, T.B Kirchner. 1989. Modeling Vegetation Across Biomes: Forest-Grassland Transition, p. 240-241. In E. Sjorgren (ed.), Jorests of the World: Diversity and Dynamics, Svneska Vasgeografiska Sallskapet. Uppsala, Sweden. %0 Book Section %A Smith, T. M. %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Woodward, F. I. %A Burton, P. J. %D 1992 %T Plant functional types %E Solomon, A. M. %E Shugart, H. H. %B Vegetation Dynamics and Global Change. %C New York %I Chapman and Hall %P 272-292 %! Plant functional types %M VCR_10123829_362 %1 Smith, T.M., H.H. Shugart, F.I. Woodward and P.J. Burton 1992a. Plant functional types. (p. 272-292). In A.M. Solomon, H.H. Shugart (eds.), Vegetation Dynamics and Global Change. Chapman and Hall, New York. %0 Book Section %A Smith, T. M. %A Weishampel, John F. %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Bonan, G. B. %D 1992 %T The response of terrestrial C storage to climate change: Modeling C dynamics at varying temporal and spatial scales %E Wisniewski, J. %E Lugo, A. E. %B Natural Sinks of CO2 %C Dordrecht, The Netherlands %I Kulwer Academic Publishers %P 307-326 %! The response of terrestrial C storage to climate change: Modeling C dynamics at varying temporal and spatial scales %M VCR_10123829_364 %1 Smith, T.M., J.F. Weishampel, H.H. Shugart and B.B. Bonan 1992b. The response of terrestrial C storage to climate change: Modeling C dynamics at varying temporal and spatial scales (pp. 307-326). In J. Wisniewski and A. E. Lugo, Natural Sinks of CO2, Kulwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. %0 Journal Article %A Snook, R. E. %A Day, Frank P. %D 1995 %T Community-level allometric relationships among length, planar area and biomass of fine roots on a coastal barrier island %B Bull. Torrey Bot. Club %V 122 %! Community-level allometric relationships among length, planar area and biomass of fine roots on a coastal barrier island %J Bull. Torrey Bot. Club %M VCR_10123829_365 %1 Snook, R.E. and F. P. Day. 1995. Community-level allometric relationships among length, planar area and biomass of fine roots on a coastal barrier island. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122: %0 Thesis %A Snow, D. %D 1990 %T Characterization of chemical, physical, and microbial properties in a salt marsh creek over the course of a spring and a neap tide cycle %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %9 Senior Thesis %! Characterization of chemical, physical, and microbial properties in a salt marsh creek over the course of a spring and a neap tide cycle %M VCR_10123829_366 %1 Snow, D. 1990. Characterization of chemical, physical, and microbial properties in a salt marsh creek over the course of a spring and a neap tide cycle. Senior Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Edited Book %A Solomon, A. M. %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1993 %T Vegetation Dynamics and Global Change %C New York %I Chapman and Hall %P 338 %! Vegetation Dynamics and Global Change %M VCR_10123829_367 %1 Solomon, A.M. and H.H. Shugart 1993. Vegetation Dynamics and Global Change. Chapman and Hall, NY. 338 pp. %0 Thesis %A Stanhope, Jennifer Wu. %D 2003 %T Relationships between watershed characteristics and base flow nutrient discharges to Eastern Shore coastal lagoons, Virginia %B School of Marine Sciences %C Williamsburg, VA %I College of William and Mary %P 148 %9 M.Sc. %! Relationships between watershed characteristics and base flow nutrient discharges to Eastern Shore coastal lagoons, Virginia %M VCR_200312310028 %K Watersheds Eastern Shore (Md. and Va.) Groundwater--Nitrogen content Nitrogen--Environmental aspects Groundwater flow %0 Journal Article %A Stanhope, Jennifer W. %A Anderson, Iris C. %A Reay, William G. %D 2009 %T Base Flow Nutrient Discharges from Lower Delmarva Peninsula Watersheds of Virginia, USA. %B Journal of Environmental Quality %V 38 %P 2070-2083 %! Base Flow Nutrient Discharges from Lower Delmarva Peninsula Watersheds of Virginia, USA. %M VCR20080829_001 %0 Thesis %A Stasavich, Laura %D 1998 %T Quantitatively defining hydroperiod with ecological significance to wetland functions %B Biology Department %C Greenville, N.C %I East Carolina University %P 68 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Quantitatively defining hydroperiod with ecological significance to wetland functions %M VCR_10123829_368 %1 Stasavich, L.E. 1998. Quantitatively defining hydroperiod with ecological significance to wetland functions. . East Carolina University, Greenville, N.C East Carolina University, Greenville, N.C pp. 68. Keywords=Wetland hydrology, hydroperiod, salt marsh End_keywords Abstract= End_abstract Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 End_notes %0 Book Section %A Stasavich, Laura %A Hmieleski, Joseph %D 1993 %T Salinity changes in sediments of a barrier island and mainland marsh following an extratropical storm at the Virginia Coast Reserve/LTER %E Landin, M. C. %B Wetlands: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the Society of Wetland Scientists %C New Orleans, LA %P 891-893 %! Salinity changes in sediments of a barrier island and mainland marsh following an extratropical storm at the Virginia Coast Reserve/LTER %M VCR_10123829_369 %1 Stasavich, L.E. and J.I. Hmieleski 1993. Salinity changes in sediments of a barrier island and mainland marsh following an extratropical storm at the Virginia Coast Reserve/LTER. pp. 891-893. in M.C. Landin (ed.). Wetlands: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the Society of Wetland Scientists, New Orleans, LA. %0 Thesis %A Stevens, R. W. %D 2000 %T Primary production of Distichlis spicata and Spartina patens and effects of increased inundation on a salt marsh %B Dept. of Biology %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %9 M.S. Thesis %! Primary production of Distichlis spicata and Spartina patens and effects of increased inundation on a salt marsh %M VCR_10123829_370 %1 Stevens, R.W. 2000. Primary production of Distichlis spicata and Spartina patens and effects of increased inundation on a salt marsh. East Carolina University, Greenville, NC pp. Keywords=Distichlis spicata, Spartina patens End_keywords Notes= submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Aug 8 EDT 2001 End_notes %K Distichlis spicata Spartina patens %0 Thesis %A Stevenson, Mark %D 1995 %T Fine root biomass distribution and production along a barrier island chronosequence %C Norfolk, VA %I Old Dominion University %P 42 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Fine root biomass distribution and production along a barrier island chronosequence %M VCR_10123829_372 %1 Stevenson, M.J. 1995. Fine root biomass distribution and production along a barrier island chronosequence. M.S. Thesis, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA. pp. 42. Advisor: F. Day. %0 Journal Article %A Stevenson, Mark %A Day, Frank P. %D 1993 %T Fine root production along a chronosequence of barrier island communities %B Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %V 74 %N 2 %P 444 %! Fine root production along a chronosequence of barrier island communities %J Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %M VCR_10123829_371 %1 Stevenson, M. and F.P. Day 1993. Fine root production along a chronosequence of barrier island communities. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 74(2):444. %0 Journal Article %A Stevenson, Mark %A Day, Frank P. %D 1996 %T Fine root biomass distribution and production along a barrier island chronosequence %B American Midland Naturalist %V 135 %P 205-217 %! Fine root biomass distribution and production along a barrier island chronosequence %J American Midland Naturalist %M VCR_10123829_373 %1 Stevenson, M.J. and F.P. Day. 1996. Fine root biomass distribution and production along a barrier island chronosequence. American Midland Naturalist 135:205-217. Notes: submitted by fday, Mon Apr 14 EDT 1997 :: %O submitted by fday, Mon Apr 14 EDT 1997 %0 Thesis %A Sullivan, H. J. %D 1998 %T Ant distribution patterns and the potential dispersal of root endosymbionts in a strand environment %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 MS Thesis %! Ant distribution patterns and the potential dispersal of root endosymbionts in a strand environment %M VCR_10123829_374 %1 Sullivan, H.J. 1998. Ant distribution patterns and the potential dispersal of root endosymbionts in a strand environment. MS Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA pp. Notes: submitted by dyoung, Fri Jul 10 EDT 1998 :: %O submitted by dyoung, Fri Jul 10 EDT 1998 %0 Book Section %A Sundback, K. %A McGlathery, Karen J. %D 2005 %T Interactions between benthic macro- and microalgae in the marine environment %E Kristensen, E. J. %E Kostka, E. %E Haese, R. H. %B Interactions between macro- and microorganisms in marine sediments %I American Geophysical Union %P 7-29 %! Interactions between benthic macro- and microalgae in the marine environment %J Interactions between macro- and microorganisms in marine sediments %M VCR_05217122709_01 %K nutrients; macroalgae; benthic microalgae; lagoon; location:lagoon; core:Primary Productivity; core:Nutrient Cycling; core:Synthesis %O submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu on Sat, 06 Aug 2005 00:27:09 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Swallow, Stephen K. %A Smith, Elizabeth C. %A Uchida, Emi %A Anderson., Christopher M. %D 2008 %T Ecosystem Services beyond Valuation, Regulation, and Philanthropy: Integrating Consumer Values into the Economy %B Choices %V 23 %N 2 %P 47-52 %! Ecosystem Services beyond Valuation, Regulation, and Philanthropy: Integrating Consumer Values into the Economy %M VCR20080918_001 %0 Journal Article %A Swift, D. J. P. %A Parsons, B. S. %A Foyle, A. %A Oertel, George F. %D 2003 %T Between beds and sequences: stratigraphic organization at intermediate scales in the Quaternary of the Virginia coast, USA %B Sedimentology %V 50 %N 1 %P 81-111 %8 Feb %! Between beds and sequences: stratigraphic organization at intermediate scales in the Quaternary of the Virginia coast, USA %J Sedimentology %M ISI:000181057200004 %K depositional systems; facies; facies models; lithofacies; Quaternary; stratigraphy; Virginia inner shelf; chesapeake bay; united-states; delmarva peninsula; continental-shelf; atlantic shelf; systems tract; estuary; facies; sea %X Stratigraphy presupposes a hierarchy of scales of spatial organization supplemented at the small-scale end by sedimentological concepts (beds, bed sets and bed cosets) and, at larger spatial scales, by sequence-stratigraphic concepts (systems tracts, parasequences, sequences). Between these two end-members are intermediate-scale bodies described as 'lithofacies', or simply 'facies'. A more restricted concept, granulometric facies, can be described in terms of horizontal grain-size gradients ('facies change') and cyclic vertical grain-size gradients ('stratification'). Assemblages of facies so defined (also called depositional systems) are not random, but occur in a limited suite of patterns. Such assemblages may be linked to two classes of bounding surfaces, a source diastem (the immediate source of the sediment) and a surface of closure (if preserved), between which is sandwiched a transgressive or regressive, basinward-fining facies succession. Systems- bounding surfaces are notably more continuous than internal (gradational) facies boundaries. By thus restricting the definition of a facies assemblage (depositional system), it is possible to describe the Quaternary of the Virginia coast with as few as 12 systems. Depositional systems in the Quaternary of the Virginia coast are allometric, in that any system can be derived from any other by plastic expansion of one or more facies relative to another, or by simple symmetry operations. Self-similarity prevails across this intermediate scale of stratigraphic organization. Facies assemblages (depositional systems) consist of event beds, which themselves have erosional basal boundaries and internal successions of microfacies. At larger spatial scales, depositional systems are repeated, either autocyclic repetitions forced by processes within the basin of deposition or allocyclic repetitions, as 'parasequences' and high-frequency sequences. In the Virginia Quaternary, systems architecture is compatible with sequence architecture and nests conformably within its framework, but analysis of systems architecture reveals rules beyond those governing sequence architecture. %O Review 646VX SEDIMENTOLOGY %U ://000181057200004 %0 Thesis %A Tarnowski, Rebecca M. %D 1997 %T Effects of dissolved oxygen concentrations on nitrification in coastal waters %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %P 134 %9 MS thesis %! Effects of dissolved oxygen concentrations on nitrification in coastal waters %M VCR_10123829_377 %1 Tarnowski, R.M. 1997. Effects of dissolved oxygen concentrations on nitrification in coastal waters. MS thesis. East Carolina University, Greenville, NC pp. 134. Keywords:nitrification, hypoxia, saltmarsh pond, Phillips Creek, Sacca di Goro:: Notes: submitted by rchristian, Wed May 14 EDT 1997 :: %K nitrification hypoxia saltmarsh pond Phillips Creek Sacca di Goro %O submitted by rchristian, Wed May 14 EDT 1997 %0 Thesis %A Taylor, James H. %D 1995 %T The Effects Of Altered Inundation And Wrack Deposition on Nitrification, Denitrification, and the Standing Stocks of NO 3 - and NO 2 - %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %9 Undergraduate Thesis %! The Effects Of Altered Inundation And Wrack Deposition on Nitrification, Denitrification, and the Standing Stocks of NO 3 - and NO 2 - %M VCR_10123829_378 %1 Taylor, J.H. 1995. The Effects Of Altered Inundation And Wrack Deposition on Nitrification, Denitrification, and the Standing Stocks of NO 3 - and NO 2 - . Undergraduate Thesis, East Carolina University, Advisor R.R. Christian %0 Thesis %A Thomas, Cassondra R. %D 1998 %T The Use of Network Analysis to Compare The Nitrogen Cycles of Three Salt Marsh Zones Experiencing Relative Sea-Level Rise %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %9 M.S. Thesis %! The Use of Network Analysis to Compare The Nitrogen Cycles of Three Salt Marsh Zones Experiencing Relative Sea-Level Rise %M VCR_10123829_380 %1 Thomas, C. 1998. The Use of Network Analysis to Compare The Nitrogen Cycles of Three Salt Marsh Zones Experiencing Relative Sea-Level Rise. M.S. Thesis, East Carolina University, advisor Dr. Robert Christian. %0 Thesis %A Thomas, Cassondra R. %D 2004 %T Salt Marsh Biogeochemistry and Sediment Organic Matter Accumulation %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 165 %9 Ph.D. Dissertation %! Salt Marsh Biogeochemistry and Sediment Organic Matter Accumulation %J Ph.D. Dissertation %M VCR_04210031029_01 %K location:mainland location:megasite core:Primary Productivity core:Nutrient Cycling core:Disturbance core:Organic Matter %O submitted by lkb2e@virginia.edu on Thu, 29 Jul 2004 15:10:29 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Thomas, Cassondra R. %A Blum, Linda K. %D in press %T The importance of fiddler crabs to salt marsh sediment organic matter accumulation %B Marine Ecology Progress Series %! The importance of fiddler crabs to salt marsh sediment organic matter accumulation %M VCR20090623_001 %0 Journal Article %A Thomas, Cassondra R. %A Christian, Robert R. %D 2001 %T Comparison of nitrogen cycling in salt marsh zones related to sea-level rise %B Marine Ecology-Progress Series %V 221 %P 1-16 %! Comparison of nitrogen cycling in salt marsh zones related to sea-level rise %J Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. %M ISI:000172382700001 %K salt marsh; nitrogen cycle; network analysis; sea-level rise spartina-alterniflora; chesapeake bay; network analysis; dynamics; ecosystem; biomass; sedimentation; accumulation; productivity; vegetation %X Zones in salt marshes can be distinguished by different community and ecosystem properties. As marshes respond to changes in sea level, one might expect alterations in the relative proportions of these zones and, hence, alterations in overall functioning. We used ecological network analysis to assess potential changes in 1 ecosystem function, nitrogen cycling. We constructed nitrogen cycle networks of zones (creekbank, low marsh, and high marsh) for 3 salt marshes on the East Coast of the USA; Great Sippewissett in Massachusetts, Upper Phillips Creek in Virginia, and Sapelo Island in Georgia. The same network structure was applied to all zones, largely using data derived from the literature on the 3 marshes. The factors used to analyze how nitrogen flowed through each zone included how nitrogen imported into the marsh was exported, how imports were related to primary productivity, and how much nitrogen was cycled within the system. Emphasis was placed on identifying patterns across zones that were consistent for all 3 marshes. When precipitation and tidal particulate nitrogen (PN) were the imports, export from active cycling via burial and denitrification significantly increased in importance moving across the marsh from the creekbank to the high marsh. Relative nitrogen cycling also significantly increased from creekbank to high marsh. As the area of the marsh zones decrease or increase in response to sea-level rise, nitrogen dynamics will change as a consequence, If the landscape slope is low allowing the marsh to migrate overland, the high marsh zone will increase in area. Nitrogen cycling as a percentage of total system throughput will increase per unit area averaged over the total marsh. If, however, the marsh stalls because of a steep slope at the upland margin, cycling will decrease on a per unit area basis. If the supply of sediment is great and the marsh progrades toward the sea, nitrogen cycling within the marsh may decrease. Therefore, as relative sea-level rises, the response of a salt marsh's nitrogen cycle will depend on the slope and sediment supply available to the marsh. %O Article 496EF MAR ECOL-PROGR SER %U ://000172382700001 %0 Journal Article %A Thomas, W.G. III, Brookes Miles Barnes, and Thomas Szuba %D 2007 %T The Countryside Transformed: The Eastern Shore of Virginia, the Pennsylvania Railroad, and the Creation of a Modern Landscape %B Southern Spaces %! The Countryside Transformed: The Eastern Shore of Virginia, the Pennsylvania Railroad, and the Creation of a Modern Landscape %M VCR20080707_010 %X In 1884 the New York, Philadelphia, and Norfolk Railroad, a subsidiary of the powerful Pennsylvania system, extended its line south through the Eastern Shore of Virginia. For decades the Eastern Shore had remained disconnected from the rapidly advancing railroad network on the Atlantic coast, a region distinctly Southern in its cultural landscape and seemingly frozen in time. The arrival of the railroad altered the geography of the Eastern Shore in fundamental ways and prompted unforeseen changes in the peninsula's cultural and natural worlds. This essay examines what happened when one of the largest railroad companies in the nation came into a Southern community and connected it to the modern network of rail and commerce. We consider the Eastern Shore a test case or laboratory for understanding the development of a modern landscape in the South and the social, cultural, and environmental changes that came with the railroad. %O Web publication, NSF support not acknowleged %U http://southernspaces.org/contents/2007/thomas/1a.htm %0 Thesis %A Thomsen, Mads S. %D 2004 %T Macroalgal distribution patterns and ecological performances in a tidal coastal lagoon, with emphasis on the non-indigenous Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides. %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Macroalgal distribution patterns and ecological performances in a tidal coastal lagoon, with emphasis on the non-indigenous Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides. %M VCR_200412310029 %O Under direction of Dr. K. McGlathery, August 2004 %0 Journal Article %A Thomsen, Mads S. %D 2004 %T Species, thallus size and substrate determine macroalgal break forces and break places in a low energy soft bottom lagoon %B Aquatic Botany %V 80 %P 153-161 %! Species, thallus size and substrate determine macroalgal break forces and break places in a low energy soft bottom lagoon %M VCR_200412310033 %0 Journal Article %A Thomsen, M. S. %A Gurgel, C. F. D. %A Fredericq, S. %A McGlathery, K. J. %D 2006 %T Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales) in Hog Island Bay, Virginia: A cryptic alien and invasive macroalga and taxonomic correction %B Journal of Phycology %V 42 %N 1 %P 139-141 %8 Feb %! Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales) in Hog Island Bay, Virginia: A cryptic alien and invasive macroalga and taxonomic correction %J J. Phycol. %M VCR_05217123455_01 %K alien macroalgae; cryptic invasion; Gracilaria vermiculophylla; phylogeography; Virginia polychaete diopatra-cuprea; temperate coastal lagoon/; systematics; mediation; sequences; pacific; fluxes %X Gracilaria in Virginia, USA, is abundant and composed of thalli either having relatively flat or cylindrical branches. These two morphologies were referred to previously as G. foliifera (Forsskal) Bogesen and G. verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss. However, G. verrucosa is regarded an invalid name, and the flat specimens are now referred to as G. tikvahiae McLachlan. This has created confusion about the nomenclature of Gracilaria from this region. Here we document that the cylindrical form that dominates Hog Island Bay, Virginia, is G. vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss, an alien macroalga from the West Pacific. Most of the ecological studies performed at the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in Hog Island Bay used this cylindrical species. The present study clarifies the taxonomical status of this species, and we identify attributes that make this alien successful in turbid coastal lagoons. %U ://000235220500015 %0 Journal Article %A Thomsen, M. S. %A McGlathery, K. %D 2006 %T Effects of accumulations of sediments and drift algae on recruitment of sessile organisms associated with oyster reefs %B Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology %V 328 %N 1 %P 22-34 %8 Jan 10 %! Effects of accumulations of sediments and drift algae on recruitment of sessile organisms associated with oyster reefs %J J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. %M VCR_05217123307_01 %K lagoon:lagoon; drift macroalgae; oyster reefs; recruitment; sedimentation; soft-bottom lagoons; estuarine fouling assemblage; temperate coastal lagoon; eelgrass zostera-marina; ulva-lactuca; gracilaria-vermiculophylla; crassostrea-virginica; habitat degradation; subtidal epibiota; macroalgal mats; eastern oyster %X Increases in sediment and drift algae accumulations have caused degradation of coastal lagoons worldwide. It is well known that these factors are stressors of seagrass beds, sediment fauna and coral reefs. However, little is known about the impacts on temperate hard-bottom assemblages within soft-bottom lagoons. To test if accumulations of sediment and drift algae (stress) affected recruitment of sessile oyster reef organisms, we constructed cages in Hog Island Bay, Virginia that trapped drifting macroalgae (approximate to 2.7 kg WW m(2)) and facilitated sedimentation (approximate to 7 mm per 2-3 month). The stress treatments and unstressed controls were placed in front, between, and behind reefs (position) to represent wave exposed (approximate to 0.3 m, windy conditions), current exposed (approximate to 0.2 m s(-1), peak tide) and protected (approximate to 0 m, 0.0 m s(-1)) habitats. The percentage cover of recruited taxa onto bricks was mapped 4 times during a 1-year period. There were strong significant effects of stress on the total assemblage, plant (but not animal) richness, total plant and animal cover, and cover of the most common taxa. Unstressed bricks had high plant richness, high animal and plant cover, and high cover of the oyster Crassostrea virginica, the alien algae Gracilaria vermiculophylla and Codium fragile, the alga Agardhiella subulata, and high to medium cover of the opportunistic algae Ulva curvata and Enteromorpha spp. In comparison, sediment-stressed bricks had low plant richness, low animal and plant cover, and low cover of C. virginica, G. vermiculophylla, C. fragile, A. subulata, U. curvata and Enteromorpha spp. Similarly, algae-stressed bricks also had low cover of animals, C. virginica, G. vermiculophylla, C. fragile, and A. subulata, but intermediate plant richness and plant cover and high cover of U. curvata and Enteromorpha spp. Although reef position caused significant multivariate results, this factor was clearly less important than the stress factor. Our study shows that accumulations of sediments and drift algae have an adverse impact on sessile temperate reef organisms, reducing richness and abundance, but favoring a few small opportunistic taxa. As the reef-generating oysters themselves performed poorly under these stressors, the long-term impact of the causes of these stressors, eutrophication and urbanization, is likely to be diminished reefs with cascading adverse effects on sessile reef organisms. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. %U ://000234522900003 %0 Journal Article %A Thomsen, Mads S. %A McGlathery, Karen J. %D 2005 %T Facilitation of macroalgae by the sedimentary tube-forming polychaete Diopatra cuprea %B Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science %V 62 %P 63-73 %! Facilitation of macroalgae by the sedimentary tube-forming polychaete Diopatra cuprea %J Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science %M VCR_05217122919_01 %K macroalgae; lagoon; facilitation; worm; location:lagoon %O submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu on Sat, 06 Aug 2005 00:29:19 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Thomsen, M. S. %A McGlathery, K. J. %D 2007 %T Stress tolerance of the invasive macroalgae Codium fragile and Gracilaria vermiculophylla in a soft-bottom turbid lagoon %B Biological Invasions %V 9 %N 5 %P 499-513 %8 Jul %! Stress tolerance of the invasive macroalgae Codium fragile and Gracilaria vermiculophylla in a soft-bottom turbid lagoon %M VCR_200612310030 %U ://000247256200001 %0 Journal Article %A Thomsen, M. S. %A McGlathery, K. J. %A Tyler, A. C. %D 2006 %T Macroalgal distribution patterns in a shallow, soft-bottom lagoon, with emphasis on the nonnative Gracilaria vermiculophylla and Coldium fragile %B Estuaries and Coasts %V 29 %N 3 %P 465-473 %8 Jun %! Macroalgal distribution patterns in a shallow, soft-bottom lagoon, with emphasis on the nonnative Gracilaria vermiculophylla and Coldium fragile %J Estuaries Coasts %M VCR20080702_011 %K polychaete diopatra-cuprea; temperate coastal lagoon; eelgrass zostera-marina; drifting algal mats; codium-fragile; ssp tomentosoides; sargassum-muticum; rhode-island; eutrophication gradient; nitrogen limitation %X We determined the distribution of macroalgae in Hog Island Bay, a shallow coastal lagoon in Virginia, USA, seasonally at 12 sites from 1998 to 2000 and at 3 representative sites from 2000 to 2002. We analyzed macroalgal biomass, taxonomic richness, and abundance of two non-native species, the cryptic invader Gracilaria venniculophylla and the conspicuous Codium fragile, with respect to season, location (mainland, mid lagoon, barrier island sites), and elevation (intertidal, subtidal). Taxonomic richness, total algal biomass, and normative biomass peaked in the summer months when temperature and light availability were highest. A few stress tolerant and ephemeral algae dominated the algal assemblage. G. vermniculophylla constituted 74% of the entire algal biomass, was the most abundant alga in all seasons, locations, and elevation levels, and was positively correlated with taxonomic richness and abundance of filamentous species. Ulva curvata, Bryopsis plumosa, and C.fragile accounted for an additional 16% of the algal biomass. There are distinct habitats in Hog Island Bay that can be classified into low diversity-low biomass regions near the mainland and barrier islands and high diversity-high biomass regions in the open mid lagoon, where abundant shells for attachment and intermediate levels of water column nutrients and turbidity likely create better growth conditions. Taxonomic richness and biomass were higher in subtidal than intertidal zones, presumably due to lower desiccation stress. This study provides an example of how a single invasive species can dominate an entire assemblage, both in terms of biomass (being most abundant in all seasons, locations, and tidal levels) and species richness (correlating positively with epiphytic filamentous taxa). By adding hard-substratum structural complexity to a relatively homogenous soft-substratum system, G. vermiculaphylla increases substratum availability for attachment and entanglement of other algal species and enhances local diversity. Without widespread and abundant G. vermiculophylla, taxa like Polysiphonia, Ceramiunt, Bryopsis, Ectocarpus, and Champia would likely be much less common. This study also highlights the importance of using DNA analysis of voucher specimens in monitoring programs to accurately identify cryptic invaders. %U ://000239912400011 %0 Journal Article %A Thomsen, M. S. %A Silliman, B. R. %A McGlathery, K. J. %D 2007 %T Spatial variation in recruitment of native and invasive sessile species onto oyster reefs in a temperate soft-bottom lagoon %B Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science %V 72 %N 1-2 %P 89-101 %8 Mar %! Spatial variation in recruitment of native and invasive sessile species onto oyster reefs in a temperate soft-bottom lagoon %M VCR_200612310031 %U ://000244862400008 %0 Thesis %A Tirrell, Rebecca %D 1995 %T Response of Sediment Microbial Communities to Spartina alterniflora Roots in a Virginia Salt Marsh %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I Univ. of Virginia %9 M.S. Thesis %! Response of Sediment Microbial Communities to Spartina alterniflora Roots in a Virginia Salt Marsh %M VCR_10123829_383 %1 Tirrell, R.A. 1995. Response of Sediment Microbial Communities to Spartina alterniflora Roots in a Virginia Salt Marsh. M.S. Thesis, Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. Advisor: L. Blum pp. Notes= submitted by lkb2e@virginia.edu, Sat Jan 29 EST 2000 End_notes %O submitted by lkb2e@virginia.edu, Sat Jan 29 EST 2000 %0 Thesis %A Tobias, Craig R. %D 1999 %T Nitrate reduction at the groundwater - salt marsh interface %C Williamsburg, VA %I College of William and Mary %9 Ph.D dissertation %! Nitrate reduction at the groundwater - salt marsh interface %M VCR_10123829_384 %1 Tobias, C.R. 1999. Nitrate reduction at the groundwater - salt marsh interface. Ph.D dissertation, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA pp. Notes= submitted by iris@vims.edu, Fri Apr 13 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by iris@vims.edu, Fri Apr 13 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Tobias, Craig R. %A Anderson, Iris %A Canuel, E. A. %A Macko, Stephen %D 2001 %T Nitrogen cycling through a fringing marsh-aquifer ecotone %B Marine Ecology Progress Series %V 210 %P 25-39 %! Nitrogen cycling through a fringing marsh-aquifer ecotone %J Marine Ecology Progress Series %M VCR_10123829_386 %1 Tobias, C.R., I.C. Anderson, E.A. Canuel and S.A. Macko. 2001. Nitrogen cycling through a fringing marsh-aquifer ecotone. Marine Ecology Progress Series 210:25-39. Keywords=nitrogen, marsh, groundwater, isotopes, salinity End_keywords Abstract=Fringing wetlands are critical components of estuarine systems, and subject to water fluxes from both watersheds and estuaries. To assess the effect of groundwater discharge on marsh nitrogen cycling, we measured N-cycling in sediments from a fringing mesohaline marsh in Virginia which receives a seasonal groundwater input. Mineralization, nitrification, potential denitrification (DNF), and potential dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates were estimated along with porewater concentrations of oxygen, sulfide, and conductivity during high (May 1997) and low (October 1997) groundwater discharge. All N-cycling processes were confined to the upper 1-1.5 meters of marsh where organic matter and ammonium were most abundant. Depth integrated rates for mineralization, nitrification, DNRA, and DNF ranged between 1.0 -11.2, 0.0 -2.2, 0.9 -6.1, and 1.8 -17.6 mmoles N m-2 hr-1, respectively. During Spring discharge (May), porewater conductivity, and dissolved sulfide decreased by approximately 50 %, and a groundwater driven O2 flux of 27 µmoles m-2 hr-1 into the marsh subsurface was estimated. Although mineralization, nitrification, and DNRA rates were up to 12x, 6x, and 7.5x greater in May, respectively, than during low discharge (October), DNF was 10x higher in October. The largest difference in seasonal rates was observed nearest the upland border where groundwater discharge had the greatest effect on sediment geochemistry. We suggest that a synergy between an increased flux of electron acceptors, porewater mixing, and flushing of salt and sulfide, was responsible for the elevated mineralization and nitrification rates in May. Natural abundance d15N measurements of the NH4+, NO3-, and N2 pools showed that nitrification is important in mediating N export by linking mineralization and denitrification in this marsh. However, despite accelerated mineralization and nitrification in May, there was not an equivalently large export of N via coupled nitrification-denitrification. The DNF : DNRA ratio in May (0.6) was 25-fold lower than that seen at low discharge, indicating that during Spring discharge, a greater proportion of nitrified N was recycled internally rather than exported via denitrification. End_abstract Notes= submitted by iris@vims.edu, Fri Apr 13 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by iris@vims.edu, Fri Apr 13 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Tobias, Craig R. %A Harvey, J. W. %A Anderson, Iris %D 2001 %T Quantifying groundwater discharge through fringing wetlands to estuaries: Seasonal variability, methods comparison, and implications for wetland-estuary exchange %B Limnology and Oceanography %V 46 %P 604-615 %! Quantifying groundwater discharge through fringing wetlands to estuaries: Seasonal variability, methods comparison, and implications for wetland-estuary exchange %J Limnology and Oceanography %M VCR_10123829_387 %1 Tobias, C.R., J.W. Harvey, and I.C. Anderson. 2001. Quantifying groundwater discharge through fringing wetlands to estuaries: Seasonal variability, methods comparison, and implications for wetland-estuary exchange. Limnology and Oceanography 46:604-615. Abstract=Because groundwater discharge along coastal shorelines is often concentrated in zones inhabited by fringing wetlands, accurately estimating discharge is essential for understanding its effect on the function and maintenance of these ecosystems. Most previous estimates of groundwater discharge to coastal wetlands have been temporally limited and have used only a single approach to estimate discharge. Furthermore, groundwater input has not been considered as a major mechanism controlling pore-water flushing. We estimated seasonally varying groundwater discharge into a fringing estuarine wetland using three independent methods (Darcy's Law, salt balance, and Br 2 tracer). Seasonal patterns of discharge predicted by both Darcy's Law and the salt balance yielded similar seasonal patterns with discharge maxima and minima in spring and early fall, respectively. They differed, however, in the estimated magnitude of discharge by two- to fourfold in spring and by 10-fold in fall. Darcy estimates of mean discharge ranged between 28.0 and 80 L m 22 d 21 , whereas the salt balance predicted groundwater discharge of 0.6 to 22 L m 22 d 21 . Results from the Br 2 tracer experiment estimated discharge at 16 L m 22 d 21 , or nearly equal to the salt balance estimate at that time. Based upon the tracer test, pore-water conductivity profiles, and error estimates for the Darcy and salt balance approaches, we concluded that the salt balance provided a more certain estimate of groundwater discharge at high flow (spring). In contrast, the Darcy method provided a more reliable estimate during low flow (fall). Groundwater flushing of pore water in the spring exported solutes to the estuary at rates similar to tidally driven surface exchange seen in previous studies. Based on pore-water turnover times, the groundwater-driven flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and NH to the estuary was 1 4 11.9, 1.6, and 1.3 g C or g N m 22 wetland for the 90 d encompassing peak spring discharge. Groundwater-induced flushing of the wetland subsurface therefore represents an important mechanism by which narrow fringing marshes may seasonally relieve salt stress and export material to adjacent water masses. End_abstract Notes= submitted by iris@vims.edu, Thu Aug 2 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by iris@vims.edu, Thu Aug 2 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Tobias, Craig R. %A Macko, Stephen %A Anderson, Iris %A Canuel, E. A. %A Harvey, J. W. %D 2001 %T Tracking the fate of a high concentration groundwater nitrate plume through a fringing marsh: A combined groundwater tracer and in situ isotope enrichment study %B Limnology and Oceanography %V 46 %N 8 %P 1977-1989 %8 Dec %! Tracking the fate of a high concentration groundwater nitrate plume through a fringing marsh: A combined groundwater tracer and in situ isotope enrichment study %M ISI:000172466500012 %K new-england estuary; tidal fresh-water; salt-marsh; spartina-alterniflora; oligohaline zone; denitrification; sediment; reduction; massachusetts; ecosystem %X A groundwater plume enriched in (NO3-)-N-15 was created upgradient of a mesohaline salt marsh. By measuring the changes in concentration and isotopic enrichment of NO3-, N2O, N-2, NH4+, and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) during plume transport through the marsh, in situ rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and denitrification (DNF) were estimated, as well as N storage in the reduced N pools. For groundwater discharge within the top 10 cm of marsh, NO3- removal was 90% complete within the 50 cm of marsh nearest the upland border. The peak NO3- loss rate from the plume ranged from 208 to 645 muM d(-1). Rates of DNRA (180 muM d(-1)) and DNF (387-465 muM d(-1)) processed 30% and 70% of the NO3- load, respectively. Terminal N2O production was approximately equal to N-2 production rates during DNE Comparison of N-15 lost from the O-15(3)- pool and N-15 gained in each of the reduced products accounted for only 22% of the reduced N-15, thus indicating N export from the system. Despite high rates of DNRA, the NH+ produced was not a long-term repository for the groundwater-derived N but was instead rapidly immobilized into marsh PON and retained on longer timescales. The small inventory of N-15 in the N2O and N-2 pools relative to DNF rates, coincident with an undersaturation of dissolved argon, indicated that denitrified N was exported to the atmosphere on short timescales. The relative magnitudes of DNF and DNRA in conjunction with the immobilization of NH4+ and evasion of N gases dictated the extent of export versus retention of the groundwater NO3- load. %U ://000172466500012 %0 Thesis %A Tolley, Patricia M. %D 1996 %T Effects of increased inundation and wrack deposition on a saltmarsh plant community %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %P 200 %9 MS thesis %! Effects of increased inundation and wrack deposition on a saltmarsh plant community %M VCR_10123829_390 %1 Tolley, P.M. 1996. Effects of increased inundation and wrack deposition on a saltmarsh plant community. MS thesis. East Carolina University, Greenville, NC pp. 200. Keywords:salt marsh, disturbance, sea-level rise, Phillips Creek:: Notes: submitted by rchristian, Wed May 14 EDT 1997 :: %O submitted by rchristian, Wed May 14 EDT 1997 %0 Journal Article %A Tolley, Patricia M. %A Christian, Robert R. %D 1999 %T Effects of increased inundation and wrack deposition on a high salt marsh plant community %B Estuaries %V 22 %N 4 %P 944-954 %8 Dec %! Effects of increased inundation and wrack deposition on a high salt marsh plant community %J Estuaries %M ISI:000085104700011 %K disturbance; vegetation; competition; salinity; level %X Salt marshes respond to both slowly increasing tidal inundation with sea level rise and abrupt disturbances, such as storm- induced wrack deposition. The effects of inundation pattern and wrack deposition have been studied independently but not in combination. We manipulated inundation of tidal creek water and wrack presence individually and in combination, in two neighboring communities within a Virginia high salt marsh during 1994 and 1995. The effects of these manipulations were assessed by measurements of aboveground plant biomass. Altered inundation by itself produced little response in the various categories of plant biomass measured. Wrack deposition affected all species (i.e., Juncus roemerianus, Spartina patens, and Distichlis spicata) showing a significant reduction in aboveground biomass, as expected. Recovery after wrack deposition was dependent on the species. S. patens and D. spicata recovered from wrack deposition within one growing season, while J. roemerianus did not. Because the effects of wrack deposition greatly exceeded those of experimentally increased inundation, the possible interactions between the two were masked. Increased inundation may have inhibited the colonization of bare areas by some species after the removal of wrack from an area, although statistical significance at alpha = 0.01 was not reached. Our results confirm that wrack deposition can cause the redistribution of species within the high marsh community. Altered inundation may have a greater effect on the re-establishment of the plant community after wrack deposition than it does without wrack deposition. %O Article 280LR ESTUARIES %U ://000085104700011 %0 Journal Article %A Tolliver, Kathryn S. %A Colley, D. M. %A Young, Donald R. %D 1995 %T Inhibitory Effects of Myrica-Cerifera on Pinus-Taeda %B American Midland Naturalist %V 133 %N 2 %P 256-263 %8 Apr %! Inhibitory Effects of Myrica-Cerifera on Pinus-Taeda %J Am. Midl. Nat. %M ISI:A1995QX01900006 %K barrier-island; virginia; vegetation; ecosystem; growth %X Pinus taeda naturally invades Myrica cerifera thickets as the shrub community succeeds to a maritime forest on southeastern USA barrier islands. Potential mechanisms supporting the persistence of M. cerifera thickets on barrier islands were examined in an environmental chamber. The inhibitory effects of allelochemicals from M. cerifera leaf litter and the soil in which it grows, and the interaction between allelochemicals and light intensity were quantified for seed germination and seedling growth of P. taeda. Germination of P. taeda seeds was significantly reduced by treatment with leachate from dead M. cerifera leaves, but light level had no significant effect. In contrast, root, shoot and total seedling growth were significantly lower under low light (44 mu mol m(-2) sec(-1)). Root growth under high light (300 mu mol m(-2) sec(-1)) was significantly lower for P. taeda seedlings grown in soil collected from beneath Myrica thickets. Both root and shoot growth of Il taeda in Myrica soil were significantly higher in the presence of Myrica leaf litter in high light. Thus, litter accumulation may assist P. taeda in invading Myrica thicket gaps, possibly by counteracting allelopathic effects of Myrica root exudate. Low light levels and allelopathic effects may interact and contribute to the persistence of Myrica thickets limiting root growth of invading P. taeda seedlings, thereby reducing competition for space, soil moisture and nutrients. %O QX019 AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST %U ://A1995QX01900006 %0 Journal Article %A Tolliver, Kathryn S. %A Martin, David W. %A Young, Donald R. %D 1997 %T Freshwater and saltwater flooding response for woody species common to barrier island swales %B Wetlands %V 17 %N 1 %P 10-18 %8 Mar %! Freshwater and saltwater flooding response for woody species common to barrier island swales %J Wetlands %M ISI:A1997WQ46800002 %K barrier island; flooding response; salinity; shrubs; swales; trees; water relations myrica-cerifera; shrub thickets; pinus-taeda; salinity; growth; vegetation; seedlings; survival; baldcypress; community %X Flood sensitivity of five woody species common to barrier island swale habitats was quantified in a glasshouse study to examine potential mechanisms affecting observed small-scale distribution patterns. Differential response to short-term (30 d duration) freshwater and saltwater flooding occurred among the five species. Only Baccharis halimifolia was sensitive to freshwater flooding. At both low (2 and 5 g L(-1)) and mid- range (10 g L(-1)) salinity, Myrica cerifera, Pinus taeda, and B. halimifolia were more sensitive than Juniperus virginiana or Iva frutescens. At low salinity, stomatal conductance was significantly reduced for M. cerifera, P. taeda, and B. halimifolia, although recovery occurred and there was no mortality. At midrange salinity, all five species showed reduced stomatal conductance, but recovery differed. Mortality was highest for M. cerifera and B. halimifolia (60%), followed by P. taeda (40%), I. frutescens (25%), and J. virginiana (20%). In contrast, 100% mortality occurred for all species in high salinity treatments of 20 and 30 g L(-1). Interspecific differences in response to flooding may be a mechanism affecting small-scale distribution patterns of woody species in barrier island swales. %O WQ468 WETLANDS %U ://A1997WQ46800002 %0 Journal Article %A Tonelli, M. %A Fagherazzi, S. %A Petti, M. %D in press %T Modeling wave impact on salt marsh boundaries %B J. Geophys. Res. Oceans %! Modeling wave impact on salt marsh boundaries %M VCR20090610_004 %0 Journal Article %A Torres, R %A Fagherazzi, S %A van Proosdij, D %A Hopkinson, C %D 2006 %T Salt marsh geomorphology: Physical and ecological effects on landform %B Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science %V 69 %N 3-4 %P 309-310 %! Salt marsh geomorphology: Physical and ecological effects on landform %M VCR20070823-001 %0 Thesis %A Turaski, Steven %D 2002 %T Spatial and temporal controls on saturated overland flow in a regularly flooded salt marsh %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 189 %9 MS Thesis %! Spatial and temporal controls on saturated overland flow in a regularly flooded salt march %M VCR_1022460_20 %1 S.J. Turaski. 2002. Spatial and temporal controls on saturated overland flow in a regularly flooded salt march. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA pp. 189. Keywords=salt marsh hydrology, overland flow, erosion, saturation , mainland , disturb , model , thesis End_keywords NSFAck=N Notes= submitted by pw3c@virginia.edu, Tue Aug 20 EDT 2002 End_notes %O submitted by pw3c@virginia.edu, Tue Aug 20 EDT 2002 %0 Thesis %A Tyler, AnnaC %D 1997 %T Geomorphological and hydrological controls on pattern and process in a developing barrier island salt marsh %C Charlottesville VA %I University of Virginia %P 173 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Geomorphological and hydrological controls on pattern and process in a developing barrier island salt marsh %M VCR_10123829_397 %1 Tyler, Anna C., 1997. Geomorphological and hydrological controls on pattern and process in a defeloping barrier island salt marsh. M.S. Thesis, University of Virginia. Charlottesville VA, 173 pp. %0 Thesis %A Tyler, A Christy. %D 2002 %T Impact of benthic algae on dissolved organic nitrogen in a temperate, coastal lagoon %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville %I University of Virginia %P 237 %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Impact of benthic algae on dissolved organic nitrogen in a temperate, coastal lagoon %M VCR_20060212_01 %X Coastal lagoons are a common land-margin feature world-wide. The shallow nature of lagoons leads to substantial benthic-pelagic coupling and dominance by benthic autotrophs. Increased inputs of nitrogen (N) from coastal watersheds may cause nuisance macroalgal blooms. However, little is known about the dynamics of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), an important component (50–95%) of the total dissolved N (TDN) pool. The objectives of this dissertation were to: (1) quantify benthic-pelagic fluxes of specific dissolved organic and inorganic N (DIN) compounds along an environmental gradient in Hog Island Bay, an algal-dominated lagoon at the Virginia Coast Reserve LTER site, (2) determine how uptake and release by benthic macro- and microalgae impacts DON cycling and (3) estimate the turnover and retention of N by macroalgae. Sediment-water column DON fluxes were highly variable but comparable to DIN fluxes; fluxes of individual compounds (urea and dissolved free and combined amino acids [DFAA, DCAA]) often proceeded concomitantly in different directions. Where sediment metabolism was net autotrophic due to microalgal activity, TDN fluxes, mostly comprised of DIN, urea and DFAA, were directed into the sediments. Heterotrophic sediments, particularly beneath macroalgal mats, were a net source of TDN, mostly as DIN. Isolated crashes of dense macroalgal mats resulted in an order of magnitude increase in DIN and DON release. When present, living macroalgae controlled benthic-pelagic coupling by intercepting DIN, urea and DFAA fluxes and releasing DON, mostly as DCAA. Separate estimates from 15N isotope dilution field experiments showed that macroalgae release ∼50% of total N uptake. Ulva lactuca took up DIN, urea and DFAA throughout the lagoon, but DON uptake was only important where DIN was low. In the laboratory, urea and AA uptake rates were consistently higher for U. lactuca than for Gracilaria tikvahiae . Uptake and 15N and 13C assimilation rates varied for individual amino acids, suggesting different uptake mechanisms. Overall, macroalgae act as a conduit whereby both organic and inorganic N are taken up, transformed, and re-released to the water column on short time scales (minutes-hours). Benthic algae thus clearly influence benthic-pelagic coupling and the retention of N moving across the land-sea interface. %U http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3044887 %0 Journal Article %A Tyler, A Christy. %A Mastronicola, T. A. %A McGlathery, Karen J. %D 2003 %T Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen limitation of primary production along a natural marsh chronosequence %B Oecologia %V 136 %P 431-438 %! Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen limitation of primary production along a natural marsh chronosequence %M VCR_04225015940_01 %K marsh nitrogen fixation location:island core:Primary Productivity core:Nutrient Cycling %O submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu on Fri, 13 Aug 2004 13:59:40 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Tyler, A Christy. %A McGlathery, I. C. %A Anderson, Iris %D 2003 %T Benthic algae control sediment-water column fluxes of organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds in a temperate lagoon. %B Limnology and Oceanography %V 48 %P 2125-2137 %! Benthic algae control sediment-water column fluxes of organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds in a temperate lagoon. %J Limnology and Oceanography %M VCR_04225015814_01 %K lagoon nutrient nitrogen macroalgae microalgae heterotrophy autotrophy benthic location:lagoon core:Primary Productivity core:Nutrient Cycling core:Organic Matter %O submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu on Fri, 13 Aug 2004 13:58:14 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Tyler, A. C. %A McGlathery, K. J. %D 2006 %T Uptake and release of nitrogen by the macroalgae Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Rhodophyta) %B Journal of Phycology %V 42 %N 3 %P 515-525 %8 Jun %! Uptake and release of nitrogen by the macroalgae Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Rhodophyta) %J J. Phycol. %M VCR_05217123631_01 %K dissolved organic compounds; invasive species; lagoons; macroalgae; nitrogen; organic matter; Virginia Coast dissolved organic-carbon; ulva-fenestrata chlorophyta; temperate coastal lagoon/; pacifica rhodophyta; marine macrophytes; chaetomorpha-linum; ammonium uptake; water-quality; matter; growth %X Macroalgae, often the dominant primary producers in shallow estuaries, can be important regulators of nitrogen (N) cycling. Like phytoplankton, actively growing macroalgae release N to the water column; yet little is known about the quantity or nature of this release. Using N-15 labeling in laboratory and field experiments, we estimated the quantity of N released relative to assimilation and gross uptake by Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales), a non-native macroalgae. Field experiments were carried out in Hog Island Bay, a shallow back-barrier lagoon on the Virginia coast where G. vermiculophylla makes up 85%-90% of the biomass. There was good agreement between laboratory and field measurements of N uptake and release. Daily N assimilation in field experiments (32.3 +/- 7.2 mu mol N.g dw(-1).d(-1)) was correlated with seasonal and local N availability. The average rate of N release across all sites and dates (65.8 +/- 11.6 mu mol N.g dw(-1).d(-1)) was 67% of gross daily uptake, and also varied among sites and seasons (range=33%-99%). Release was highest when growth rates and nutrient availability were low, possibly due to senescence during these periods. During summer biomass peaks, estimated N release from macroalgal mats was as high as 17 mmol N.m(-2).d(-1). Our results suggest that most estimates of macroalgal N uptake severely underestimate gross N uptake and that N is taken up, transformed, and released to the water column on short time scales (minutes-hours). %U ://000237812400001 %0 Journal Article %A Tyler, A Christy. %A McGlathery, Karen J. %A Anderson, Iris %D 2001 %T Macroalgae mediation of dissolved organic nitrogen fluxes in a temperate coastal lagoon %B Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science %V 53 %N 2 %P 155-168 %8 Aug %! Macroalgae mediation of dissolved organic nitrogen fluxes in a temperate coastal lagoon %J Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. %M ISI:000171125500004 %K macroalgae; lagoons; sediment-water interface; nitrogen; organic matter; dissolved organic compounds; urea; Virginia Coast benthic nutrient fluxes; sediment-water oxygen; sacca-di-goro; marine sediment; chaetomorpha-linum; seasonal patterns; ammonium uptake; chesapeake bay; waquoit bay; urea %X The activity of the benthos, including benthic plants, is important in driving the overall system dynamics in shallow lagoons, due to the high ratio of sediment surface area relative to water volume. In Hog Island Bay, benthic macroalgae appear to be a key regulator of DON dynamics, both while alive and following senescence. We investigated the role of macroalgae in mediating water column concentrations and sediment-water column fluxes of DON across a nutrient gradient in Hog Island Bay, a shallow macroalgal-dominated back-barrier lagoon located on the Virginia Coast. Sediment-water column exchanges of DON, urea and DIN were measured in sediment cores with and without macroalgae (Ulva lactuca) at three subtidal sites from the mainland to the barrier islands in the fall of 1997 and the spring and summer of 1998. The summer sampling dates bracketed a large macroalgal bloom in the mid-lagoon. Dissolved organic nitrogen was an important component (52-98%) of the total dissolved nitrogen pool in Hog Island Bay waters and made up the majority of the sediment N flux to the water column. Macroalgae impacted benthic-pelagic coupling by preventing diffusion of DIN from the water column to the sediments and by intercepting urea fluxes from the sediment to the water column. Closest to the mainland and closest to the barrier islands, at sites with low macroalgal biomass, sediment-water column fluxes of DIN and urea-free DON were negligible or directed into the sediments. Fluxes of urea from the sediment to the water column were significant at both sites, and may play an important role in satisfying macroalgal N demand, especially at the low N island site. Overall, urea was 32% of the mean DON flux from the sediments to the water column. Fluxes of urea-free DON were highest in the mid-lagoon, where macroalgal biomass was highest. The highest overall flux rates of DON (>38 mmol m(-2) d(-1)) and DIN (> 33 mmol m(-2) d(-1)) were measured following an isolated crash of a large macroalgal mat. These release rates were not sustained for long, however, and we estimated that the majority of the N contained in the decomposing macroalgal tissues disappeared in <2 weeks. In addition to release of organic N following senescence, macroalgae 'leak' DON into the water column during active growth; release of DON increased by 250% in cores incubated with U. lactuca relative to cores with sediment only. These algae function as a conduit whereby water-column DIN and sediment urea are taken up and released to the water column as DON over relatively short (hours) time scales. This conversion of bioavailable dissolved N to PON and DON by macroalgae is likely to be important to overall system metabolism and to the retention of N within the lagoon. (C) 2001 Academic Press. %O Article 474UP ESTUAR COAST SHELF SCI %U ://000171125500004 %0 Journal Article %A Tyler, A Christy. %A McGlathery, Karen J. %A Macko, Stephen %D 2005 %T Uptake of urea and amino acids by the macroalgae Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) and Gracilaria verrucosa (Rhodophyta) %B Marine Ecology Progress Series %V 294 %P 161-172 %! Uptake of urea and amino acids by the macroalgae Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) and Gracilaria verrucosa (Rhodophyta) %J Marine Ecology Progress Series %M VCR_05217123127_01 %K macroalgae; lagoon; nitrogen; nutrients; location:lagoon; core:Primary Productivity; core:Nutrient Cycling %O submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu on Sat, 06 Aug 2005 00:31:27 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Tyler, A Christy. %A Zieman, Joseph C. %D 1999 %T Patterns of development in the creekbank region of a barrier island Spartina alterniflora marsh %B Marine Ecology-Progress Series %V 180 %P 161-177 %! Patterns of development in the creekbank region of a barrier island Spartina alterniflora marsh %J Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. %M ISI:000080666100015 %K salt marsh; barrier island; tidal creek; succession; chronosequence; Spartina england salt-marsh; soil-water movement; organic-carbon; nitrogen-fixation; smooth cordgrass; north-carolina; succession; estuarine; denitrification; phosphorus %X Physical factors, such as local geomorphology and hydrology, are the primary determinants of biological pattern and process in a salt marsh. The increased topographic relief associated with the creekbank region is thought to control the unique chemistry and productivity found there. This study was designed to examine the role that tidal creeks play-during the natural development of a barrier island Spartina alterniflora marsh ecosystem on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA. A salt marsh chronosequence, resulting from a 1962 overwash event, was used as a 'space-for-time' substitution in order to define the changes that take place within this marsh over a successional time scale. The chronosequence of marshes is largely attributed to the variation in elevation across the overwash platform: younger marshes are higher relative to sea level. We used a principal components analysis on a suite of physico-chemical and biological variables. A single principle component explained 53% of the variability in the data and is used to describe the functional trajectory along which these marshes develop. This component is associated with an increase in sediment organic matter and nitrogen content (%N), porewater nutrients, S. alterniflora height, weight, %flowering and %N, and a decrease in grain size and redox potential. The factor scores from this analysis, which were used as a proxy for the functional maturity of the marsh, increased from creek edge to interior marsh for young marsh sites. Thus, the marsh nearest the creek most resembles the mature marsh. The temporal patterns of creek-water physico-chemistry vary between different aged creeks, suggesting that due to their small size and shallow depth younger creeks act to retain nutrients and particulates within the marsh. The hydrological, chemical and biological processes within the creeks themselves and at the creekbank are important in controlling the overall rate of marsh development. While creeks act to accelerate the rate of maturation, our results also indicate that not all marshes follow the same developmental trajectory and that the regional landscape may be a more important factor. With the increased interest in marsh restoration and creation for the mitigation of coastal wetland loss, there is a need for a greater functional understanding of the factors that control marsh development. The results of this study suggest that increasing creek frontage will increase the rate at which created marshes achieve functional equivalence with mature marshes. %O 202RN MAR ECOL-PROGR SER %U ://000080666100015 %0 Journal Article %A Urban, D. L. %A Bonan, G. B. %A Smith, T. M. %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1992 %T Spatial Applications of Gap Models %B Forest Ecology and Management %V 42 %P 95-110 %! Spatial Applications of Gap Models %J Forest Ecology and Management %M VCR_10123829_399 %1 Urban, D.L., G.B. Bonan, T.M. Smith, H.H. Shugart. 1992. Spatial Applications of Gap Models. Forest Ecology and Management 42:95-110. %0 Book Section %A Urban, D. L. %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1992 %T Individual-based models of forest succession %E Glenn-Lewin, D. C. %E Peet, R. K. %E Veblen, T. T. %B Plant Succession: Theory and Prediction %C London %I Chapman and Hall %P 249-293 %! Individual-based models of forest succession %M VCR_10123829_398 %1 Urban, D.L. and H.H. Shugart 1992. Individual-based models of forest succession (pp. 249-293). In: D.C. Glenn-Lewin, R.KI. Peet and T.T. Veblen (eds.), Plant Succession: Theory and Prediction. Chapman and Hall, London %0 Journal Article %A Viaroli, P. %A Christian., R. R. %D 2003 %T Description of trophic status, hyperautotrophy and dystrophy of a coastal lagoon through a potential oxygen production and consumption index. %B Ecological Indicators %V 3 %P 237-250. %! Description of trophic status, hyperautotrophy and dystrophy of a coastal lagoon through a potential oxygen production and consumption index. %J Ecological Indicators %M VCR_04217091117_01 %K core:Primary Productivity core:Organic Matter core:Cross-site and LTER Network core:Synthesis %O submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu on Thu, 5 Aug 2004 09:11:17 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Thesis %A Vick, Jaclyn %D 2007 %T Corticular photosynthetic dynamics for a coastal evergreen shrub: Myrica cerifera %B MS thesis %C Richmond, Virginia %I Virginia Commonwealth University %! Corticular photosynthetic dynamics for a coastal evergreen shrub: Myrica cerifera %J MS thesis %M VCR_07252033309_01 %K location:islandcore:Primary Productivity %O submitted by dryoung@vcu.edu on Mon, 10 Sep 2007 15:33:09 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Conference Proceedings %A Walsh, Jonathan %A Pickett, Steward %A Porter, John H. %D 2007 %T Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES): Urban Long-Term Ecological Research %E Kim, Eun-Shik %B Urban Forestry and East-Asia Pacific Information Management Conference %C Seoul, Korea %I Kookmin University %! Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES): Urban Long-Term Ecological Research %M VCR20080421_05 %X The Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) is a Long-Term Ecological Research project that investigates metropolitan Baltimore as an ecological system. The program brings together biological, physical, and social scientists to collect new data and synthesize existing information on how both the ecological and built components of Baltimore work. We also seek to understand how Baltimore's ecosystems change over long time periods. We focus on all components of the urban system, ranging from the center city to fringe exurban lands, and including suburbs and agricultural areas in the metropolitan matrix.The ecological knowledge we create helps support educational and community-based activities. Interactions between the project and the Baltimore community are an important part of our project. %0 Thesis %A Walsh, John P. %D 1998 %T Low marsh succession along an over-wash salt marsh chronosequence %B Dept. of Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville VA %I University of Virginia %P 211 %9 PhD. Dissertation %! Low marsh succession along an over-wash salt marsh chronosequence %M VCR_10123829_401 %1 Walsh, John P. 1998. Low marsh succession along an over-wash salt marsh chronosequence. PhD. Dissertation. University of Virginia. Charlottesville VA, 211 pp. %0 Thesis %A Weber, Everett %D 1994 %T The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the phenology of roots in a barrier island sand dune community %C Norfolk, VA %I Old Dominion University %P 92 %9 M.S. Thesis %! The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the phenology of roots in a barrier island sand dune community %M VCR_10123829_402 %1 Weber, E.P. 1994. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the phenology of roots in a barrier island sand dune community. M.S. Thesis, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA. pp. 92. Advisor: F. Day. %0 Journal Article %A Weber, Everett %A Day, Frank P. %D 1993 %T The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the phenology of roots in a barrier island dune ecosystem: a minirhizotron analysis %B Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %V 74 %N 2 %P 481 %! The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the phenology of roots in a barrier island dune ecosystem: a minirhizotron analysis %J Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %M VCR_10123829_403 %1 Weber, E.P. and F. Day 1993. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the phenology of roots in a barrier island dune ecosystem: a minirhizotron analysis. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 74(2):481. %0 Journal Article %A Weber, Everett %A Day, Frank P. %D 1996 %T The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the phenology of roots in a barrier island sand dune community %B Plant and Soil %V 182 %P 139-148 %! The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the phenology of roots in a barrier island sand dune community %J Plant and Soil %M VCR_10123829_404 %1 Weber, E.P. and F.P. Day. 1996. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the phenology of roots in a barrier island sand dune community. Plant and Soil 182:139-148. Notes: submitted by fday, Mon Apr 14 EDT 1997 :: %O submitted by fday, Mon Apr 14 EDT 1997 %0 Thesis %A Weber, Rett %D 2001 %T An analysis of the energetic budgets of grasses to assess the effectiveness of different competitive strategies %C Norfolk, VA %I Old Dominion University %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! An analysis of the energetic budgets of grasses to assess the effectiveness of different competitive strategies %M VCR_10123829_405 %1 Weber, Rett. 2001. An analysis of the energetic budgets of grasses to assess the effectiveness of different competitive strategies. Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA pp. Notes= submitted by fday@odu.edu, Wed Jul 25 EDT 2001 End_notes %0 Journal Article %A Whigham, D. F. %A Lee, L. C. %A Brinson, Mark M. %A Rheinhardt, R. D. %A Rains, M. C. %A Mason, J. A. %A Kahn, H. %A Ruhlman, M. B. %A Nutter, W. L. %D 1999 %T Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) assessment - A test of user consistency %B Wetlands %V 19 %N 3 %P 560-569 %8 Sep %! Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) assessment - A test of user consistency %J Wetlands %M ISI:000082677100008 %K hydrogeomorphic approach; HGM; riverine wetlands; reference wetlands; test of user consistency; Maryland; Virginia; Delaware chickahominy river; wetlands; virginia; forests; vegetation %X We describe the first test conducted to determine user consistency in the application of hydrogeomorphic (HGM) functional assessment models. Over a three-week period, two teams of individuals trained in the HGM methodology assessed 44 riverine wetlands on the Coastal Plain of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, USA. Results demonstrated a high degree of agreement between the two assessment teams for both Variable Subindices and Functional Capacity Index Scores, indicating that the assessment models were robust and results were repeatable. Analyses of the data demonstrated the importance of only using variables whose measurements are repeatable. When variable measurements are not repeatable, HGM functional capacity scores are detrimentally affected, especially functions that are modeled by only a few variables. %O Article 237VK WETLANDS %U ://000082677100008 %0 Thesis %A White, Jessica B. %D 2003 %T Interrelatted factors affecting expansion of Phragmites australis in coastal environments of Virginia, USA %B Biology %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %! Interrelatted factors affecting expansion of Phragmites australis in coastal environments of Virginia, USA %J thesis %M VCR_04228114930_01 %K location:island location:mainland core:Primary Productivity core:Disturbance %O submitted by dryoung@saturn.vcu.edu on Mon, 16 Aug 2004 11:49:30 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Thesis %A Wijhnolds, A. E. %D 1997 %T Relationship between the distribution of the actinomycete, Frankia, and the distribution of the host plant, Myrica cerifera, on a Virginia Barrier Island %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %P 560-569 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Relationship between the distribution of the actinomycete, Frankia, and the distribution of the host plant, Myrica cerifera, on a Virginia Barrier Island %M VCR_10123829_407 %1 Wijhnolds, A.E. 1997. Relationship between the distribution of the actinomycete, Frankia, and the distribution of the host plant, Myrica cerifera, on a Virginia Barrier Island. M.S. Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. advisor: D. Young %0 Journal Article %A Wijnholds, Ann E. %A Young, Donald R. %D 2000 %T Interdependence of Myrica cerifera seedlings and the nodule forming actinomycete, Frankia, in a coastal environment %B Journal of Coastal Research %V 16 %N 1 %P 139-144 %8 Win %! Interdependence of Myrica cerifera seedlings and the nodule forming actinomycete, Frankia, in a coastal environment %J J. Coast. Res. %M ISI:000085747700013 %K colonization; edaphic factors; establishment; nitrogen fixation; symbiosis; shrub thicket; succession barrier-island; nitrogenase activity; infective frankia; soils; fixation; virginia; shrub; vegetation; ecosystem; dynamics %X The shrub, Myrica cerifera, and the nitrogen-fixing bacterium, Frankia, form a symbiotic relationship that is important for seedling establishment on nutrient poor coastal soils. To determine potential interdependence, the spatial distribution of host plant seedlings was examined in relation to the root symbiont on a Virginia barrier island. Spatial patterns for both species were related to microtopography and soil chlorides. Myrica cerifera seedlings were more common in the swale region than on the dune crests or slopes. A bioassay quantified the extent of Frankia distribution within a recently formed swale where the shrub seedlings were invading. Frankia occurred throughout the swale, but was absent within 20 m of the high tide line. Frankia was found in areas devoid of the host plant; M, cerifera did not occur at similar to 43% of the locations where Frankia was present. In contrast, the host plant seedlings were limited to areas that contained Frankia. Soil chlorides where M. cerifera seedlings occurred were lower than locations devoid of the host plant. Similarly, soil chlorides where Frankia was present were lower when compared to areas without the root symbiont. Although influenced by microtopography and soil chlorides, the successful establishment and small-scale distribution of M. cerifera seedlings in coastal soils depends on the presence of Frankia. %O Article 291QN J COASTAL RES %U ://000085747700013 %0 Thesis %A Willis, Patricia %D 2009 %T The effect of hydroperiod on surface elevation and sediment accumulation in Philips Creek Salt Marsh, Virginia, USA %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA. %I University of Virginia %9 MA thesis %! The effect of hydroperiod on surface elevation and sediment accumulation in Philips Creek Salt Marsh, Virginia, USA %M VCR_0100824_013 %O (faculty advisor, Blum) %0 Thesis %A Winters, Lynette K. %D 2004 %T The relationship between the growth and morphology of Salicornia virginica and marsh elevation in a Virginia salt marsh system %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville %I University of Virginia %P 145 %9 M.S. %! The relationship between the growth and morphology of Salicornia virginica and marsh elevation in a Virginia salt marsh system %M VCR_200412310034 %0 Book Section %A Wolanksi, E. %A Brinson, M. %A D.Cahoon %A Perillo, G. %D 2009 %T Coastal wetlands: A synthesis %E Perillo, G. %E Wolanski, E. %E Cahoon, D. %E Brinson, M. %B Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach %C Amsterdam, The Netherlands. %I Elsevier %P 1-62 %! Coastal wetlands: A synthesis %M VCR_20100824_009 %0 Thesis %A Woo, H. %D 1992 %T Distribution of formaninefera and pollen in coastal depositional environments of the southern Delmarva peninsula, USA %C Norfolk, Va %I Old Dominion University %P 139-144 %9 Ph.D. Dissertation %! Distribution of formaninefera and pollen in coastal depositional environments of the southern Delmarva peninsula, USA %M VCR_10123829_410 %1 Woo, H. J. 1992. Distribution of formaninefera and pollen in coastal depositional environments of the southern Delmarva peninsula, USA. Ph.D. Dissertation. Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Woo, H. J. %A Culver, S. J. %A Oertel, George F. %D 1997 %T Benthic foraminiferal communities of a barrier-lagoon system, Virginia, USA %B Journal of Coastal Research %V 13 %N 4 %P 1192-1200 %8 Fal %! Benthic foraminiferal communities of a barrier-lagoon system, Virginia, USA %J J. Coast. Res. %M ISI:A1997XZ99900021 %K environmental quality; marsh pollution; marsh %X Foraminifera have a fundamental role in the trophic structure of marine communities and may be used to assess primary stresses affecting environmental quality. In coastal barrier lagoons their distribution can provide a framework for future assessment of environmental quality. To establish a baseline for the barrier-lagoon system of the southern Delmarva Peninsula, 20 subenvironments were sampled and proved to contain 44 species of living benthic foraminifera. Densities of species were related to variations in substratum, salinity and organic-matter content, Not all of the 20 subenvironments could be recognised based on variations in foraminiferal community composition; only seven subenvironments were distinguished on the basis of the distribution of dominant living species. Foraminiferal community composition appeared to be closely tied to the natural variations of physical stresses produced by the interrelationship of landscape and flow dynamics. %O Article XZ999 J COASTAL RES %U ://A1997XZ99900021 %0 Journal Article %A Woo, H. J. %A Oertel, George F. %A Kearney, M. S. %D 1998 %T Distribution of pollen in surface sediments of a barrier-lagoon system, Virginia, USA %B Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology %V 102 %N 3-4 %P 289-303 %8 Aug %! Distribution of pollen in surface sediments of a barrier-lagoon system, Virginia, USA %J Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology %M ISI:000075195400011 %K pollen analysis; Holocene; coastal environment; Virginia; United States southern delmarva-peninsula; estuary; marsh %X Fine-grained surface sediments of the U.S. middle Atlantic coast contain pollen that are characteristic of the local vegetation. The pollen concentrations and pollen associations in lagoonal sediment appeared to be affected by physical characteristics of the landscape and the dynamic characteristics of the atmosphere and water. Arboreal pollen from the elevated mainland had a greater influence on uniform distribution of pollen in lagoons than arboreal pollen from the low profile barrier islands. The concentration of airborne pollen from the mainland decreased in a seaward direction across the lagoon. The maximum dispersion distance from the mainland was 7-10 km. Non-arboreal plants on the low profile barrier islands of the Virginia coast primarily provided pollen grains to the outer part of the coastal lagoon. The changes in pollen concentration and the relationship between arboreal and non-arboreal pollen documented in this study clearly differentiate into inner, middle and outer lagoon pollen spectra. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. %O Article 107FA REV PALAEOBOT PALYNOL %U ://000075195400011 %0 Journal Article %A Working, The %D 1997 %T Conserving coastal wetlands despite sea level rise %B Eos %V 78 %P 260-261 %! Conserving coastal wetlands despite sea level rise %J Eos %M VCR_10123829_379 %1 The Working Group on Sea Level Rise and Wetland Systems (includes Christian and Brinson). 1997. Conserving coastal wetlands despite sae level rise. Eos 78:257, 260-261. Notes: submitted by rchristian, Tue Jun 30 EDT 1998 :: %O submitted by rchristian, Tue Jun 30 EDT 1998 %0 Thesis %A Wright, E. J. %D 1988 %T A History of the Eastern Shore from Articles Published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1665-1850) %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %P 289-303 %9 Senior Thesis %! A History of the Eastern Shore from Articles Published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1665-1850) %M VCR_10123829_413 %1 Wright, E.J. 1988. A History of the Eastern Shore from Articles Published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1665-1850). Senior Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Thesis %A Wu, Karen Wan Yee %D 1995 %T Protozoan grazing effects on bacterial dynamics in estuarine tidal marsh creeks %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville %I University of Virginia %P 122 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Protozoan grazing effects on bacterial dynamics in estuarine tidal marsh creeks %M VCR20100308_001 %K microbial food webs Eastern Shore Virginia Hungars Creek Phillips Creek Delmarva Peninsula bacterial abundance biovolume distribution protozoan grazing rates heterotrophic nanoflagellate abundance physical chemical characteristics biomass mineralization %0 Journal Article %A Young, Donald R. %D 1992 %T Photosynthetic characteristics and potential moisture stress for the actinorhizal shrub, myrica cerifera, on a Virginia barrier island %B Am. Jour. Botany %V 79 %P 2-7 %! Photosynthetic characteristics and potential moisture stress for the actinorhizal shrub, myrica cerifera, on a Virginia barrier island %J Am. Jour. Botany %M VCR_10123829_415 %1 Young, D.R. 1992. Photosynthetic characteristics and potential moisture stress for the actinorhizal shrub, myrica cerifera, on a Virginia barrier island. Am. Jour. Botany 79: 2-7. %0 Conference Proceedings %A Young, Donald R. %D 2006 %T Estimating aboveground net primary production in shrub-dominated systems %E Fahey, Timothy J. %E Knapp, Alan K. %B Principles and standards for measuring primary production %C New York %I Oxford University Press %P 49-62 %! Estimating aboveground net primary production in shrub-dominated systems %J Principles and standards for measuring primary production %M VCR_04228120151_01 %K location:islandlocation:megasitecore:Primary Productivitycore:Cross-site and LTER Networkcore:Synthesis %O submitted by dryoung@vcu.edu on Mon, 10 Sep 2007 15:30:59 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Young, Donald R. %A Erickson, David %A Semones, S. W. %D 1994 %T Salinity and the Small-Scale Distribution of 3 Barrier-Island Shrubs %B Canadian Journal of Botany-Revue Canadienne De Botanique %V 72 %N 9 %P 1365-1372 %8 Sep %! Salinity and the Small-Scale Distribution of 3 Barrier-Island Shrubs %J Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. %M ISI:A1994PQ55400017 %K baccharis halimifolia; iva frutescens; myrica cerifera; barrier island; salinity tolerance; shrub england salt-marsh; myrica-cerifera; plant zonation; virginia; vegetation; germination; competition; community; dynamics %X The importance of salinity to small-scale distribution patterns was examined for three shrubs common on barrier islands of the southeastern United States. Field measurements focused on the salt marsh - upland interface zone on Hog Island, Virginia, where Myrica cerifera, Baccharis halimifolia, and Iva frutescens form distinct distributional zones. Although considerable variation in salinity occurred throughout the growth season (June through October), total soil chlorides and groundwater salinity were lowest for M. cerifera, intermediate for B. halimifolia, and highest for I. frutescens. All three species showed similar diurnal and seasonal patterns in stomatal conductance and leaf xylem pressure potential, despite the differences in salinity. However, a laboratory experiment revealed interspecific differences in water relations when the three shrubs were exposed to identical salinity regimes. The field data and water relations experiment indicated M. cerifera is least tolerant to salinity, I. frutescens is most tolerant, and B. halimifolia is intermediate. Seed germination experiments revealed a similar response, except that B. halimifolia was more sensitive to salinity than M. cerifera. The interspecific differences in soil and groundwater salinity, along with the physiological response differences, indicated that salinity may be one of the major environmental factors influencing zonation among the three shrubs; however, the absence of I. frutescens and B. halimifolia in low salinity areas implied that other factors also influence zonation patterns on barrier islands. %O PQ554 CAN J BOT %U ://A1994PQ55400017 %0 Journal Article %A Young, D. R. %A Porter, J. H. %A Bachmann, C. M. %A Shao, G. F. %A Fusina, R. A. %A Bowles, J. H. %A Korwan, D. %A Donato, T. F. %D 2007 %T Cross-scale patterns in shrub thicket dynamics in the Virginia barrier complex %B Ecosystems %V 10 %N 5 %P 854-863 %8 Aug %! Cross-scale patterns in shrub thicket dynamics in the Virginia barrier complex %M VCR_20070420_005 %K barrier island; sea level rise; hyperspectral remote sensing; shrub expansion; coastal vegetation atmospheric correction; coast-reserve; island; classifiers; grasslands; conversion; algorithm; ecosystem; imagery %X To interpret broad-scale erosion and accretion patterns and the expansion and contraction of shrub thickets in response to sea level rise for a coastal barrier system, we examined the fine-scale processes of shrub recruitment and mortality within the context of the influence of ocean current and sediment transport processes on variations in island size and location. We focused on Myrica cerifera shrub thickets, the dominant woody community on most barrier islands along the coastline of the southeastern USA. Observations suggest that M. cerifera, a salt-intolerant species, is increasing in cover throughout the Virginia barrier islands, yet rising sea level in response to climate change is increasing erosion and reducing island area. Our objective was to explain this apparent paradox using pattern-process relationships across a range of scales with a focus on ocean currents and sediment transport interacting with island characteristics at intermediate scales. Multi-decadal comparisons across scales showed a complex pattern. At the scale of the entire Virginia barrier complex, modest decreases in upland area were accompanied by large increases in shrub area. Responses were more variable for individual islands, reflecting inter-island variations in erosion and accretion due to differences in sediment transport via ocean currents. Several islands underwent dramatic shrub expansion. Only for within-island responses were there similarities in the pattern of change, with a lag-phase after initial shrub colonization followed by development of linear, closed canopy thickets. Understanding the fine-scale processes of shrub seedling establishment and thicket development, in conjunction with the influence of ocean currents and sediment transport, provides a framework for interpreting island accretion and erosion patterns and subsequent effects on shrub thicket expansion or contraction across scales of time and space. %U ://000249969200015 %0 Journal Article %A Young, Donald R. %A Sande, E. %A Peters, G. A. %D 1992 %T Spatial relationships of Frankia and Myrica cerifera on a Virginia, USA barrier island %B Symbiosis %V 12 %P 209-229 %! Spatial relationships of Frankia and Myrica cerifera on a Virginia, USA barrier island %J Symbiosis %M VCR_10123829_417 %1 Young, D.R., E. Sande and G.A. Peters 1992. Spatial relationships of Frankia and Myrica cerifera on a Virginia, USA barrier island. Symbiosis 12: 209-229. %0 Journal Article %A Young, Donald R. %A Shao, Guofan %A Brinson, Mark M. %D 1995 %T The impact of the October 1991 northeaster storm on barrier island shrub thickets (Myrica cerifera) %B Journal of Coastal Research %V 11 %P 1322-1328 %! The impact of the October 1991 northeaster storm on barrier island shrub thickets (Myrica cerifera) %J Journal of Coastal Research %M VCR_10123829_419 %1 Young, D.R., G. Shao and M.M. Brinson. 1995. The impact of the October 1991 northeaster storm on barrier island shrub thickets (Myrica cerifera). Journal of Coastal Research 11:1322-1328. %0 Journal Article %A Young, Donald R. %A Shao, Guofan %A Porter, John H. %D 1995 %T Spatial and temporal growth dynamics of barrier-island shrub thickets %B American Journal of Botany %V 82 %N 5 %P 638-645 %8 May %! Spatial and temporal growth dynamics of barrier-island shrub thickets %J Am. J. Bot. %M ISI:A1995QY91500009 %K nitrogen-fixation; myrica-cerifera; biological invasion; virginia; succession; ecosystem; hawaii; vegetation; faya %X Spatial and temporal dynamics of barrier island shrub thickets were investigated on Hog Island, a barrier island along the Eastern Shore peninsula of Virginia. The island thickets are dominated by the actinorhizal shrub, Myrica cerifera. On the accreting, northern half of the island, thickets expanded as swale area increased. Analysis of aerial photographs revealed that total thicket area increased by nearly 400% from 1949 to 1989, paralleling a substantial increase in area for the northern portion of the island. Thicket characteristics varied with the age and position of the three field sites on Hog Island. At the youngest site examined (20 yr), recruitment and shrub growth were high. Shrub growth remained high and recruitment continued in the stable central portions of the island (50 yr). However, at the oldest site near a bay side salt marsh (approximate to 130 yr), recruitment was not evident, shrub growth was reduced, and mortality was most apparent. Several ''life stages'' for shrub thickets were identified relative to island accretion. After the stabilization of new land, seedlings establish and grow rapidly to form a thicket. Once established, a thicket rapidly expands in the relatively protected, mesic swale environment. Thicket decline follows, characterized by an increase in vine growth on and around the shrubs and the formation of gaps as the thicket breaks up. Spatial variation in M. cerifera thickets on Hog Island is related to length of time soils have been stabilized and, especially, to time since thicket establishment. %O Article QY915 AMER J BOT %U ://A1995QY91500009 %0 Thesis %A Yozzo, David J. %D 1994 %T Patterns of Habitat Use by Sub-Adult Marsh Nekton: Comparison Between Tidal Freshwater and Salt Marshes %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Patterns of Habitat Use by Sub-Adult Marsh Nekton: Comparison Between Tidal Freshwater and Salt Marshes %M VCR_10123829_420 %1 Yozzo, D.J. 1994. Patterns of Habitat Use by Sub-Adult Marsh Nekton: Comparison Between Tidal Freshwater and Salt Marshes. Ph.D Dissertation, University of Virginia, advisor Dave Smith. %0 Journal Article %A Yozzo, David J. %A Hester, K. I. %A Smith, David E. %D 1994 %T Abundance and Spawning Site Utilization of Fundulus heteroclitus at the Virginia Coast Reserve %B Va. J. Sci. %V 45 %P 187-197 %! Abundance and Spawning Site Utilization of Fundulus heteroclitus at the Virginia Coast Reserve %J Va. J. Sci. %M VCR_10123829_425 %1 Yozzo, D.J., K. I. Hester and D.E. Smith. 1994. Abundance and Spawning Site Utilization of Fundulus heteroclitus at the Virginia Coast Reserve. Va. J. Sci. 45:187-197. Keywords=Mainland,Lagoon,Trophic End_keywords Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Thu Jan 13 EST 2000 End_notes %O submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Thu Jan 13 EST 2000 %0 Journal Article %A Yozzo, David J. %A Mannino, A. %A Smith, David E. %D 1994 %T Mid-Summer Abundance of Resident Sub-Adult Marsh Nekton at the Virginia Coast Reserve %B Va. J. Sci. %V 45 %P 21-30 %! Mid-Summer Abundance of Resident Sub-Adult Marsh Nekton at the Virginia Coast Reserve %J Va. J. Sci. %M VCR_10123829_423 %1 Yozzo, D.J., A. Mannino and D.E. Smith. 1994. Mid-Summer Abundance of Resident Sub-Adult Marsh Nekton at the Virginia Coast Reserve. Va. J. Sci. 45:21-30. Keywords=Mainland,Lagoon,Trophic End_keywords Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Thu Jan 13 EST 2000 End_notes %O submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Thu Jan 13 EST 2000 %0 Journal Article %A Yozzo, David J. %A Smith, David E. %D 1998 %T Composition and Abundance of Resident Marsh-Surface Nekton: Comparison between Tidal Freshwater and Salt Marshes in Virginia, USA %B Hydrobiologia %V 362 %P 9-19 %! Composition and Abundance of Resident Marsh-Surface Nekton: Comparison between Tidal Freshwater and Salt Marshes in Virginia, USA %J Hydrobiologia %M VCR_10123829_421 %1 Yozzo, D.J. and D.E. Smith. 1998. Composition and Abundance of Resident Marsh-Surface Nekton: Comparison between Tidal Freshwater and Salt Marshesin Virginia, USA. Hydrobiologia 362:9-19. Keywords=Mainland,Lagoon,Trophic End_keywords Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Thu Jan 13 EST 2000 End_notes %O submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Thu Jan 13 EST 2000