%0 Journal Article %A Agren, G. I. %A McMurtrie, R. E. %A Parton, W. J. %A Pastor, J. %A Shugart, Hank H. %D 1991 %T State-of-the-art of models of production-decomposition in conifer and grassland ecosystems %B Ecological Applications %V 1 %P 118-138 %! State-of-the-art of models of production-decomposition in conifer and grassland ecosystems %J Ecological Applications %M VCR_10123829_45 %1 Agren, G.I., R.E. McMurtrie, W.J. Parton, J. Pastor, and H.H. Shugart. 1991. State-of-the-art of models of production-decomposition in conifer and grassland ecosystems. Ecological Applications 1:118-138. %0 Thesis %A Amie B. Aguiar %D 2007 %T Social and physical influences on wading bird foraging patch selection %B Environmental Sciences %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 81 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Social and physical influences on wading bird foraging patch selection %M VCR_20061221_01 %X The aim of this study was to clarify social foraging, habitat use and choice of cohabitating Ciconiiformes on Virginias Eastern Shore. In a 2006 study I used two approaches, a manipulative experiment and an observational study. At Chincoteague (37° 56N, 75° 25W), I manipulated prey density and social cues using plastic decoys to address the relative importance of social features versus prey density. I also recorded feeding durations of birds at the different treatments. The observational portion also occurred at Chincoteague at six sites along a causeway from the mainland marshes east to Assateague Island. A second area was Hog Island (37° 27N, 75° 40W), a barrier island about 50 km south of Chincoteague. At both areas, I observed wading bird foraging in different habitats and recorded feeding efficiency, flock size and species use, and attempted to answer the following questions: how were species distributed across habitat types, how did feeding efficiency vary among species and habitat types, and how did tide and season affect habitat use, flocking and feeding efficiency? Multi-way ANOVAs were performed to analyze feeding efficiency data and 2 analyses of goodness-of-fit and association were performed on the flock and species use data. Species use of habitats differed significantly at both locations, with generalists being more widespread than specialists. Ponds and impoundments were selected for foraging most often by most species. Generalist species tended to have lower feeding efficiencies while species specialized for particular habitats had higher average efficiencies at those locations. Overall, generalists tended to be more widespread but have low efficiency, but specialists had high efficiencies in fewer habitat types. Tidal and seasonal effects were less than habitat and species differences, presumably because of the high caloric demands on birds during the breeding season. There were insufficient data to meaningfully analyze the experiment results, however the limited data suggested that all the species responded more to social cues than to prey densities. A similar experiment of increased scope and duration should be attempted, perhaps using mesocosms with more controlled prey densities. An important conservation-related finding was high late-summer use of impoundments for almost all wading birds. These habitats are probably especially attractive to recently fledged young from nearby colonies. %U http://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/thesis/Aguiar2007/Aguiar2007.pdf %0 Thesis %A Aiosa, Jennifer %D 1996 %T Dissolved Organic Carbon Quality Controls on the Contribution of the Microbial Food Web to Higher Trophic Levels %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %9 M.S. thesis %! Dissolved Organic Carbon Quality Controls on the Contribution of the Microbial Food Web to Higher Trophic Levels %M VCR_10123829_46 %1 Aiosa, Jennifer. 1996. Dissolved Organic Carbon Quality Controls on the Contribuion of the Microbial Food Web to Higher Trophic Levels. M.S. thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA pp. Notes: submitted by lblum, Mon Mar 31 EST 1997 :: %O submitted by lblum, Mon Mar 31 EST 1997 %0 Journal Article %A John D. Albertson %A Montaldo, N. %D 2003 %T Temporal dynamics of soil moisture variability: 1. Theoretical basis %B Water Resources Research 39:1274 %V 39 %P 1274 %! Temporal dynamics of soil moisture variability: 1. Theoretical basis %M VCR_200212310001 %O Water Resources Research 39:1274 , doi:10.1029/2002WR001616 %0 Journal Article %A Thomas R. Allen %A Tolvanen, H. T. %A George F. Oertel %A McCleod, G. M. %D 2007 %T Spatial characterization of environmental gradients in a coastal lagoon, Chincoteague Bay %B Estuaries and Coasts %V 30 %P 959-977 %! Spatial characterization of environmental gradients in a coastal lagoon, Chincoteague Bay %M VCR20080228-001 %0 Journal Article %A Iris Anderson %A Karen J. McGlathery %A Tyler, A Christy. %D 2003 %T Microbial mediation of reactive nitrogen transformations in a temperate lagoon %B Marine Ecology-Progress Series %V 246 %P 73-84 %! Microbial mediation of reactive nitrogen transformations in a temperate lagoon %J Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. %M ISI:000181085100005 %K lagoon; nitrogen; macroalgae; benthic; microalgae; nitrification; denitrification; mineralization dissolved organic nitrogen; estuarine sediments; coastal lagoon; chesapeake bay; oxygen respiration; benthic metabolism; denitrification; groundwater; massachusetts; carbon %X Coastal lagoons positioned along the land margin may play an important role in removing or transforming reactive nitrogen during its transport from land to the ocean. Hog Island Bay is a shallow, coastal lagoon located on the ocean-side of the Delmarva Peninsula in Virginia (USA). External nitrogen inputs are derived primarily from agriculturally enriched groundwater, and these support, in part, the high production of benthic macroalgae and microalgae as the dominant primary producers. This study focuses on processes in the water column (phytoplankton and bacterial) and in the sediments (microalgal and bacterial) responsible for transformations of dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen (N). Sediment-water exchanges of dissolved inorganic and organic N were measured as well as sediment gross and net mineralization of organic N. Net changes in dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were greater in the water-column incubations than in the incubations including sediment and water. In the water column, metabolism resulted in net uptake of NH4+ during all seasons and in net uptake of NO3- during most seasons. In the sediments, gross mineralization, which ranged from 0.9 to 6.5 mmol N m(-2) d(-1), resulted in short turnover times (< 1 d) for the sediment NH4+ pool; however, sediment-water fluxes of both NH4+ and NO3- were either negligible or directed into the sediments. The NH4+ produced by gross mineralization was rapidly consumed in the dark. Biological processes potentially responsible for removal of sediment NH4+ and NO3- include coupled nitrification- denitrification, dark uptake by benthic microalgae, and immobilization by heterotrophic bacteria. In the absence of dark uptake of NH4+ by benthic microalgae, potential nitrification calculated as the difference between gross mineralization and NH4+ fluxes, would range from 1.5 to 6.4 mmol N m(-2) d(-1), similar to rates observed in a range of other systems. Similarly, potential denitrification rates estimated as the difference between calculated nitrification rates and measured NO3- fluxes would vary from 1.88 to 5.16 mol N m(-2) d(-1) and fall within the range of rates reported for similar systems. However, since calculated benthic microalgal N demand (2.51 to 16.11 mmol N m(-2) d(-1)) exceeded NH4+ release by gross mineralization at all sites and during all seasons, this suggests that dark benthic microalgal uptake was likely to be an important sink for mineralized N. Finally, sediment bacterial N immobilization may also be important given the relatively high C/N of sediment organic matter. These estimates of the potential consumptive processes for mineralized sediment N indicate that the lagoon is likely to retard and or remove reactive N during its transport to the coastal ocean. %O Article 647GM MAR ECOL-PROGR SER %U ://000181085100005 %0 Journal Article %A Iris Anderson %A Craig R. Tobias %A Neikirk, R. %A Wetzel, B. B. %D 1997 %T Development of a Process-based Nitrogen Mass Balance Model for a Virginia Spartina alterniflora Salt Marsh: Implications for Net DIN Flux %B Marine Ecology Progress Series %V 159 %P 13-27 %! Development of a Process-based Nitrogen Mass Balance Model for a Virginia Spartina alterniflora Salt Marsh: Implications for Net DIN Flux %J Marine Ecology Progress Series %M VCR_10123829_47 %1 Anderson, I. C., Tobias, C. R., Neikirk, B. B., Wetzel, R. L. 1997. Development of a Process-based Nitrogen Mass Balance Model for a Virginia Spartina alterniflora Salt Marsh: Implications for Net DIN Flux. Marine Ecology Progress Series 159:13-27. Keywords:Salt marsh, mineralization, immobilization, nitrogen cycling, nitrification/denitrification, DIN Flux:: Abstract: Primary production is nitrogen limited in most salt marshes with the possible exception of those impacted by high anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen. It is hypothesized that mature salt marshes which receive only small inputs of "new" nitrogen from the atmosphere, surface water runoff, groundwater, tidal creek, and nitrogen-fixation will have a conservative nitrogen cycle. We have developed a process-based N mass balance model for a short form Spartina alterniflora marsh in Virginia. Data for the model included rates of gross mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, above- and below-ground macrophyte production, and benthic microalgal production. The annual balance between sources (mineralization, nitrogen fixation, tidal creek flux, atmospheric deposition, and sediment input) and sinks (above- and below-ground macrophyte uptake, sediment microalgal uptake, sediment burial, microbial immobilization, denitrification, and nitrification) of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was determined for both interior S. alterniflora -vegetated sites and unvegetated creek bank sites. Sediment/water exchanges of DIN species, predicted by results of the mass balance analysis, were compared to measured exchanges. Annually sources and sinks of DIN in the vegetated marsh were in close balance. The vegetated marsh imported DIN from the adjacent creek during most of the year\; the unvegetated creek bank exported NH4+ to overlying tidal water during July and imported NH4+ during other seasons. The net flux of DIN was 5.7 gN m-2 y-1 from overlying water into the marsh\; however, this flux was small relative to rates of internal N-cycling processes. The sediment NH4+ pool turned over rapidly as a result of the high rate of gross mineralization (84 gN m-2 y-1). Other microbial N-cycling rates were low (0.6 - 4 gN m-2 y-1). The NH4+ supplied by mineralization was more than sufficient to support both macrophyte (33 gN m-2 y-1) and benthic microalgal (5 gN m-2 y-1) uptake. We propose that in order to maintain steady state in the system approximately half of the DIN mineralized is immobilized into a readily remineralizable particulate organic N pool. Since mineralization and macrophyte uptake are temporally out of phase the labile organic N pool may serve to temporarily sequester NH4+ until it is required for plant uptake. :: Notes: submitted by ianderson, Tue Jul 21 EDT 1998 :: %K Salt marsh mineralization immobilization nitrogen cycling nitrification/denitrification DIN Flux %X Primary production is nitrogen limited in most salt marshes with the possible exception of those impacted by high anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen. It is hypothesized that mature salt marshes which receive only small inputs of "new" nitrogen from the atmosphere, surface water runoff, groundwater, tidal creek, and nitrogen-fixation will have a conservative nitrogen cycle. We have developed a process-based N mass balance model for a short form Spartina alterniflora marsh in Virginia. Data for the model included rates of gross mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, above- and below-ground macrophyte production, and benthic microalgal production. The annual balance between sources (mineralization, nitrogen fixation, tidal creek flux, atmospheric deposition, and sediment input) and sinks (above- and below-ground macrophyte uptake, sediment microalgal uptake, sediment burial, microbial immobilization, denitrification, and nitrification) of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was determined for both interior S. alterniflora -vegetated sites and unvegetated creek bank sites. Sediment/water exchanges of DIN species, predicted by results of the mass balance analysis, were compared to measured exchanges. Annually sources and sinks of DIN in the vegetated marsh were in close balance. The vegetated marsh imported DIN from the adjacent creek during most of the year\; the unvegetated creek bank exported NH4+ to overlying tidal water during July and imported NH4+ during other seasons. The net flux of DIN was 5.7 gN m-2 y-1 from overlying water into the marsh\; however, this flux was small relative to rates of internal N-cycling processes. The sediment NH4+ pool turned over rapidly as a result of the high rate of gross mineralization (84 gN m-2 y-1). Other microbial N-cycling rates were low (0.6 - 4 gN m-2 y-1). The NH4+ supplied by mineralization was more than sufficient to support both macrophyte (33 gN m-2 y-1) and benthic microalgal (5 gN m-2 y-1) uptake. We propose that in order to maintain steady state in the system approximately half of the DIN mineralized is immobilized into a readily remineralizable particulate organic N pool. Since mineralization and macrophyte uptake are temporally out of phase the labile organic N pool may serve to temporarily sequester NH4+ until it is required for plant uptake. %O submitted by ianderson, Tue Jul 21 EDT 1998 %0 Thesis %A Eileen L. Appolone %D 2000 %T Organic matter distribution and turnover along a gradient from forest to tidal creek %B Biology Department %C Greenville, N.C. %I East Carolina University %9 MS thesis %! Organic matter distribution and turnover along a gradient from forest to tidal creek %M VCR_10123829_2 %1 Appolone, E. 2000. Organic matter distribution and turnover along a gradient from forest to tidal creek. MS thesis, Biology Department, East Carolina University, Greenville, N.C. pp. Keywords=organic matter, rising sea level, sediment accretion, marsh trangression End_keywords Abstract=Many coastal ecosystems migrate landward under the influence of rising sea level. Typical zonation of plant communities along coastal shorelines consists of tidal marshes, a transition zone, and adjacent upland or wetland forest. This study examined organic matter distribution along this gradient. I hypothesized that total above and belowground organic carbon mass would follow the pattern: forest \> transition \> high marsh = mid marsh \> low marsh \> tidal creek. This study was conducted at the upper Phillips Creek study area on the eastern shore of Virginia. A zonation map of the study area was created, and low marsh was divided into two zones based on two growth forms of Spartina alterniflora. Sample sites were selected using a stratified random sampling approach. A nested plot design was used to harvest vegetation, obtain soil cores, and collect quantitative data on trees, shrubs and large wood detritus. Unharvested tree and shrub masses were estimated using regression equations. Loss on ignition was determined for vegetation and soils. Organic carbon mass was estimated to be 50% of organic matter. Total above and belowground organic carbon mass (mean (kg/m2) + S.E.) for each zone was: forest 24.3 + 2.1, high marsh 14.2 + 0.7, transition 12.8 + 0.6, LMSS 12.6 + 0.8, LMTS 11.3 + 0.7, and tidal creek 8.7 + 0.3. The greatest loss of carbon occurred in the transformation of forest to high marsh. Organic carbon turnover rates for Phillips Creek were estimated for steep and gentle slopes by projecting an 80-year period of sea level rise at 5 mm/year. After 80 years, marsh and transition zones experienced 100% turnover in both profiles. The forest experienced turnover rates of 25% and 71% in steep and gentle profiles, respectively. Horizontal turnover rates of carbon associated with state change were approximately one order of magnitude lower than those associated with net primary production. However, horizontal turnover of ecosystem states can change coastal landscapes within the time span of a century. End_abstract Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Tue Jul 31 EDT 2001 End_notes %K organic matter rising sea level sediment accretion marsh trangression %X Many coastal ecosystems migrate landward under the influence of rising sea level. Typical zonation of plant communities along coastal shorelines consists of tidal marshes, a transition zone, and adjacent upland or wetland forest. This study examined organic matter distribution along this gradient. I hypothesized that total above and belowground organic carbon mass would follow the pattern: forest \> transition \> high marsh = mid marsh \> low marsh \> tidal creek. This study was conducted at the upper Phillips Creek study area on the eastern shore of Virginia. A zonation map of the study area was created, and low marsh was divided into two zones based on two growth forms of Spartina alterniflora. Sample sites were selected using a stratified random sampling approach. A nested plot design was used to harvest vegetation, obtain soil cores, and collect quantitative data on trees, shrubs and large wood detritus. Unharvested tree and shrub masses were estimated using regression equations. Loss on ignition was determined for vegetation and soils. Organic carbon mass was estimated to be 50% of organic matter. Total above and belowground organic carbon mass (mean (kg/m2) + S.E.) for each zone was: forest 24.3 + 2.1, high marsh 14.2 + 0.7, transition 12.8 + 0.6, LMSS 12.6 + 0.8, LMTS 11.3 + 0.7, and tidal creek 8.7 + 0.3. The greatest loss of carbon occurred in the transformation of forest to high marsh. Organic carbon turnover rates for Phillips Creek were estimated for steep and gentle slopes by projecting an 80-year period of sea level rise at 5 mm/year. After 80 years, marsh and transition zones experienced 100% turnover in both profiles. The forest experienced turnover rates of 25% and 71% in steep and gentle profiles, respectively. Horizontal turnover rates of carbon associated with state change were approximately one order of magnitude lower than those associated with net primary production. However, horizontal turnover of ecosystem states can change coastal landscapes within the time span of a century. %O submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Tue Jul 31 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Charles M. Bachmann %D 2006 %T Improved maniforld coordinate representations of large-scale hyperspectral scenes %B IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing %V 44 %P 2786-2803 %! Improved maniforld coordinate representations of large-scale hyperspectral scenes %M VCR20071001_04 %0 Journal Article %A Charles M. Bachmann %A Bettenhausen, M. H. %A Fusina, R. A. %A Donato, T. F. %A Russ, A. L. %A Burke, J. W. %A Lamela, G. M. %A Rhea, J. W. %A Barry Truitt %A John H. Porter %D 2003 %T A credit assignment approach to fusing classifiers of multiseason hyperspectral imagery %B IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing %V 41 %N 11 %P 2488-2499 %! A credit assignment approach to fusing classifiers of multiseason hyperspectral imagery %M VCR_200312310001 %0 Journal Article %A Charles M. Bachmann %A Donato, T. F. %A Lamela, G. M. %A Rhea, W. J. %A Bettenhausen, M. H. %A Fusina, R. A. %A Du Bois, K. R. %A John H. Porter %A Barry Truitt %D 2002 %T Automatic classification of land cover on Smith Island, VA, using HyMAP imagery %B Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing %V 40 %N 10 %P 2313-2330 %8 Oct %! Automatic classification of land cover on Smith Island, VA, using HyMAP imagery %J IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing %M ISI:000179798500024 %K barrier islands; hyperspectral; in situ spectrometry; invasive plant species; land cover classification; neural networks; principle component analysis; projection pursuit; supervised classification; unsupervised classification projection pursuit %X Automatic land cover classification maps were developed from Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (HyMAP) imagery acquired May 8, 2000 over Smith Island, VA, a barrier island in the Virginia Coast Reserve. Both unsupervised and supervised classification approaches were used to create these products to evaluate relative merits and to develop models that would be useful to natural resource managers at higher spatial resolution than has been available previously. Ground surveys made by us in late October and early December 2000 and again in May, August, and October 2001 and May 2002 provided ground truth data for 20 land cover types. Locations of pure land cover types recorded with global positioning system (GPS) data from these surveys were used to extract spectral end-members for training and testing supervised land cover classification models. Unsupervised exploratory models were also developed using spatial-spectral windows and projection pursuit (PP), a class of algorithms suitable for extracting multimodal views of the data. PP projections were clustered by ISODATA to produce an unsupervised classification. Supervised models, which relied on the GPS data, used only spectral inputs because for some categories in particular areas, labeled data consisted of isolated single-pixel waypoints. Both approaches to the classification problem produced consistent results for some categories such as Spartina alterniflora, although there were differences for other categories. Initial models for supervised classification based on 112 HyMAP spectra, labeled in ground surveys, obtained reasonably consistent results for many of the dominant categories, with a few exceptions. For an invasive plant species, Phragmites australis, a particular concern of natural resource managers, this approach initially had an excessively high false-alarm rate. Increasing the number of spectral training samples by an order of magnitude and making concomitant improvements to the geo-rectification led to dramatic improvements in this and other categories. The unsupervised spatial-spectral approach also found a cluster closely associated with Phragmites patches near the thicket boundary, but this approach did not identify the exposed Phragmites. Examples of in situ reflectance measurements obtained with an Analytical Spectral Devices FR spectrometer in early May 2001 are compared against HyMAP image spectra at model-predicted pixels and at validated GPS waypoints. %O Article 625CC IEEE TRANS GEOSCI REMOT SEN %U ://000179798500024 %0 Thesis %A Bailey, Nicole %D 1998 %T Hydrogeomorphic Control of Landforms and Vegetation on Southern Parramore Island, Virginia Coast Reserve %B Department of Geology %I Bucknell University %P 160 %9 Honors Thesis %! Hydrogeomorphic Control of Landforms and Vegetation on Southern Parramore Island, Virginia Coast Reserve %M VCR_10123829_50 %1 Bailey, Nicole. 1998. Hydrogeomorphic Control of Landforms and Vegetation on Southern Parramore Island, Virginia Coast Reserve. Bucknell University, Department of Geology, Honors Thesis, 160pp. pp. 1-160. Keywords:pimples, washover fans, hydrogeomorphology, groundwater, vegetation:: Notes: submitted by ckochel, Mon Jun 29 EDT 1998 :: %K pimples washover fans hydrogeomorphology groundwater vegetation %O submitted by ckochel, Mon Jun 29 EDT 1998 %0 Generic %A Bailey, N. %A Kochel, R Craig. %A Charles Randolph. Carlson %D 1998 %T Barrier Island Landform and Vegetation Response to Coastal Process Variables on the Virginia Coast Reserve %B Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs %V 30 %N 4 %P 2 %! Barrier Island Landform and Vegetation Response to Coastal Process Variables on the Virginia Coast Reserve %M VCR_10123829_48 %1 Bailey, N., Kochel, R.C., and Carlson, C.R., . 1998. Barrier Island Landform and Vegetation Response to Coastal Process Variables on the Virginia Coast Reserve. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 30, n.4:2. Keywords:barrier island geomorphology, pimples, hydrology, overwash, vegetation :: Notes: submitted by ckochel, Mon Jun 29 EDT 1998 :: %K barrier island geomorphology pimples hydrology overwash vegetation %0 Journal Article %A Baird, D. %A Robert R. Christian %A Peterson, C. H. %A Johnson, G. A. %D 2004 %T Consequences of hypoxia on estuarine ecosystem function: Energy diversion from consumers to microbes %B Ecological Applications %V 14 %N 3 %P 805-822 %8 Jun %! Consequences of hypoxia on estuarine ecosystem function: Energy diversion from consumers to microbes %M ISI:000222174000015 %K carbon-flow models; ecosystem properties; eutrophication; hypoxia; microbial loop; network analysis; Neuse River estuary; trophic transfers neuse river estuary; bottom-water hypoxia; north-carolina; habitat degradation; chesapeake bay; fish kills; food webs; trophic structure; oyster reefs; dynamics %X As in other eutrophied estuaries and coastal embayments, persistent hypoxia now routinely develops during summer in the mesohaline portion of the Neuse River estuary (North Carolina, USA). In response to interannual differences in hydrography, summer 1997 exhibited much more intense and widespread hypoxia than summer 1998, permitting inferences about impacts of hypoxia on food web dynamics by comparing system changes across these two summers. The trophic structure of the Neuse estuary now resembles the generic pattern for a degraded temperate estuary with (1) intense planktonic algal blooms and similarly high production of free-living bacteria, (2) trivial levels of abundance of rooted aquatic plants and benthic macroalgae, (3) depleted apex predators, and (4) functional extinction of the historically dominant benthic grazer, eastern oysters. Detailed carb on-flow models, based on comprehensive field data, demonstrated large differences between the two summers in trophic transfers and system dynamics. Largely because of greater mortality of benthic invertebrates from more intense hypoxia, total biomass of heterotrophs declined over, summer by 51% in 1997 as compared to only 17% in 1998. Because net primary production increased over summer and herbivory in this system is predominantly benthic, the fraction of primary production consumed by herbivores declined over summer by 35% in 1997 and 29% in 1998. Influx of juvenile fishes and their rapid growth in the estuarine nursery over summer led to increases in energy demand by demersal fishes of 380% and 507% in the successive summers. Thus, hypoxia-enhanced diversion of energy flows into microbial pathways away from consumers and mass mortality of benthic invertebrates from bottom hypoxia occurred at the season of greatest demand by predatory fishes and crabs using the estuary as nursery. Average residence time of carbon in the ecosystem declined by 51% in 1997 and 29% in 1998. Total system throughput declined over summer 1997 while increasing in 1998, indicating the reduced capacity of the system to transfer carbon to higher trophic levels in the more hypoxic summer. Late-summer. trophic pathways were characterized by greater numbers of cycles, but flows became increasingly dominated by microbial loops rather than transfers to consumers. Ecosystem trophic efficiency was only similar to4%, lower than other estuaries similarly analyzed. System properties indicative of resiliency of system function including development capacity, ascendancy, and flow diversity declined over summer 1997, while increasing or declining less in 1998. Thus, intensification of hypoxia caused dramatic reduction in the ecosystems ability to transfer energy to higher trophic levels and rendered the ecosystem potentially less resilient to other stressors. %U ://000222174000015 %0 Journal Article %A Baker, K. S. %A Benson, B. J. %A Henshaw, D. L. %A Blodgett, D. %A John H. Porter %A Stafford, S. G. %D 2000 %T Evolution of a multisite network information system: The LTER information management paradigm %B Bioscience %V 50 %N 11 %P 963-978 %8 Nov %! Evolution of a multisite network information system: The LTER information management paradigm %J Bioscience %M ISI:000165458400007 %K human-genome-project; term ecological research; environmental- research; cooperative work; challenges; program; infrastructure; framework; internet; sciences %O Article 376LE BIOSCIENCE %U ://000165458400007 %0 Thesis %A Barimo, J. F. %D 1998 %T Zonation patterns in Orthoptera (Acrididae) distribution and plant-herbivore interactions in relation to primary succession on a Virginia barrier island %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 MS thesis %! Zonation patterns in Orthoptera (Acrididae) distribution and plant-herbivore interactions in relation to primary succession on a Virginia barrier island %M VCR_10123829_51 %1 Barimo, J.F. 1998. Zonation patterns in Orthoptera (Acrididae) distribution and plant-herbivore interactions in relation to primary succession on a Virginia barrier island. MS thesis. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. pp. Notes: submitted by dyoung, Fri Jul 10 EDT 1998 :: %O submitted by dyoung, Fri Jul 10 EDT 1998 %0 Journal Article %A Barimo, J. F. %A Donald R. Young %D 2002 %T Grasshopper (Orthoptera : Acrididae)-plant-environmental interactions in relation to zonation on an Atlantic coast barrier island %B Environmental Entomology %V 31 %N 6 %P 1158-1167 %8 Dec %! Grasshopper (Orthoptera : Acrididae)-plant-environmental interactions in relation to zonation on an Atlantic coast barrier island %J Environ. Entomol. %M ISI:000180507400032 %K grasshoppers; Orthoptera; Acrididae; coastal vegetation; barrier island tallgrass prairie; species composition; acrididae; orthoptera; succession; vegetation; rangeland; fire; topography; herbivory %X Distribution patterns of five grasshopper species (Ortboptera: Acrididae) were related to microtopography, plant zonation, and diet preference on a Virginia barrier island. Trimerotropis maritima Harris occurred on the landward side of incipient foredunes dominated by Ammophilia breviligulata Fernald (Poaceae), a C-3-grass. Psinidia fenestralis Serville occurred primarily on and adjacent to older dunes dominated by Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhlenberg (Poaceae), a C-4-grass. Melanoplus bivitattus Say, Melanoplus femurrubrum De Geer, and Melanoplus differentialis Thomas were more widely distributed than the other two species but were most common in wet swales dominated by S. patens and the shrub seedlings, Myrica cerifera L. (Myricaceae) and Baccharis halimifolia L. (Asteraceae). Laboratory feeding preference experiments indicated a strong influence of host plants on grasshopper distribution patterns. The diet specialists, T maritima and P. fenestralis, were limited to the distribution of their host plant species, whereas the Melanoplus congeners were generalists in diet and in distribution. Although distribution patterns were related to host plant specificity, microtopography was important to the small-scale distribution of all five species within the distribution range of host plants. The preference of M. differentialis for Myrica cerifera foliage may affect shrub establishment in the grass-dominated swales. %O Article 637JF ENVIRON ENTOMOL %U ://000180507400032 %0 Thesis %A Diane Barnes %D 2004 %T Impacts of Agricultural Land Use on Aquatic Communities in Small Temperate Coastal Watersheds: The Use of Benthic Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators of Nutrient Enrichment %B Environmental Sciences %I University of Virginia %9 M.S. Thesis %! Impacts of Agricultural Land Use on Aquatic Communities in Small Temperate Coastal Watersheds: The Use of Benthic Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators of Nutrient Enrichment %M VCR_04225013613_01 %K tidal creek watershed nutrient biodiveristy benthic fauna location:megasite core:Nutrient Cycling core:Organic Matter %0 Journal Article %A Barr, J. G. %A Jose D. Fuentes %A Wang, D. %A Edmonds, Y. %A Joseph C. Zieman %A Bruce P. Hayden %A Childers, D. %D 2003 %T Red mangroves emit hydrocarbons %B Southeastern Naturalist %V 2 %N 4 %P 499-510 %! Red mangroves emit hydrocarbons %M ISI:000188410600003 %K volatile organic-compounds; biogenic hydrocarbons; isoprene emission; aerosols; plants %X The objective of this study is to investigate hydrocarbon species and amounts released by red mangrove foliage and determine if these quantities warrant future research on atmospheric chemical processing of these compounds. The field investigation took place during July 2001 at Key Largo, Florida Bay, Florida. Foliage still attached to plants was enclosed in cuvettes while air of known flow rates circulated around leaves to study, hydrocarbon emissions. Cuvette air samples underwent gas chromatographic analyses to determine species and amounts of hydrocarbons released by mangrove foliage. Red mangrove foliage emits isoprene and trace amounts of the monoterpenes of alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, camphene, and d-limonene. The mangrove flowers released these latter compounds in amounts ranging from 0.5 to 10 mg (monoterpene) per gram of dry biomass per hour. These fluxes are normalized to, the foliage temperature of 30 degreesC. When normalized to the foliage temperature of 30 degreesC and light levels of 1000 mumol m(-2) s(-1), isoprene emission rates as high as 0.092 +/- 0.109 mug (isoprene) per gram of dry biomass per hour were measured. Compared to terrestrial forest ecosystems, red mangroves are low isoprene emitters. During peak flowering periods in the summertime, however, red mangroves may emit sufficient amounts of monoterpenes to alter ground-level ozone concentrations and contribute to biogenic aerosol formation. %U ://000188410600003 %0 Thesis %A Barr, L. %D 1989 %T Sedimentation and Fallout Cesium-137 Cycling in a Virginia Salt Marsh %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %9 MS Thesis %! Sedimentation and Fallout Cesium-137 Cycling in a Virginia Salt Marsh %M VCR_10123829_53 %1 Barr, L.1989. Sedimentation and Fallout Cesium-137 Cycling in a Virginia Salt Marsh. MS Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Peter Berg %A Karen J. McGlathery %D 2001 %T A high-resolution pore water sampler for sandy sediments %B Limnology and Oceanography %V 46 %P 203-210 %! A high-resolution pore water sampler for sandy sediments %M VCR_10123829_7 %1 Berg, P. and K.J. McGlathery . 2001. A high-resolution pore water sampler for sandy sediments. Pages 203-210 in . Limnology and Oceanography. Keywords=nitrogen, macroalgae, lagoon, microalgae, phytoplankton, metabolism, autotrophic, heterotrophic End_keywords Notes= submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu, Thu Apr 12 EDT 2001 End_notes %K nitrogen macroalgae lagoon microalgae phytoplankton metabolism autotrophic heterotrophic %0 Journal Article %A Peter Berg %A Roy, H. %A Patricia Wiberg %D 2007 %T Eddy correlation flux measurements - the sediment surface area that contributes to the flux %B Limnology and Oceanography. %V 52 %N 4 %P 1672-1684 %! Eddy correlation flux measurements - the sediment surface area that contributes to the flux %M VCR070928_10 %0 Thesis %A Berntsen, J. %D 1995 %T Hydrogeomorphic and Vegetation Relationships on Low Profile Barrier Islands, Virginia Coast Reserve %C Lewisburg, PA %I Bucknell University %9 Senior Thesis %! Hydrogeomorphic and Vegetation Relationships on Low Profile Barrier Islands, Virginia Coast Reserve %M VCR_10123829_54 %1 Berntsen, J. P. 1995. Hydrogeomorphic and Vegetation Relatiionships on Low Profile Barrier Islands, Virginia Coast Reserve. Senior Thesis, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA %0 Generic %A Berntsen, J. %A Kochel, R Craig. %D 1995 %T Hydrogeomorphic and vegetative relationships on low profile barrier islands, Virginia Coast Reserve %B Geological Society of America, Abs. w. Prog. %V 27 %N 1 %P 29 %! Hydrogeomorphic and vegetative relationships on low profile barrier islands, Virginia Coast Reserve %J w. Prog. %M VCR_10123829_55 %1 Berntsen, J., and Kochel, R.C., 1995, Hydrogeomorphic and vegetative relationships on low profile barrier islands, Virginia Coast Reserve: Geological Society of America, Abs. w. Prog. 27(1):29. %0 Book Section %A Bledsoe, C. S. %A Fahey, T. J. %A Ruess, R. %A Frank P. Day %D 1999 %T Measurement of static root parameters - biomass, length, distribution %E Robertson, G. P. %E Bledsoe, C. S. %E Coleman, D. C. %E Sollins., P. %B Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research %C New York %I Oxford University Press %! Measurement of static root parameters - biomass, length, distribution %M VCR_10123829_208 %1 Bledsoe, C.S., T.J. Fahey, R. Ruess, and F.P. Day. 1999. Measurement of static root parameters - biomass, length, distribution. Pages in G.P. Robertson, C.S. Bledsoe, D.C. Coleman, and P. Sollins. Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, New York. Notes= submitted by fday@odu.edu, Wed Jul 25 EDT 2001 End_notes %0 Journal Article %A Linda K. Blum %D 1993 %T Spartina-alterniflora root dynamics in a Virginia Marsh %B Marine Ecology-Progress Series %V 102 %N 1-2 %P 169-178 %8 Dec %! Spartina-alterniflora Root Dynamics in a Virginia Marsh %J Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. %M ISI:A1993MH48400017 %K decomposition; production; root; spartina-alterniflora england salt-marsh; macrophyte production; belowground biomass; tidal marsh; sediments; decomposition; estuary; accumulation; deposition; carolina %X A litter bag technique was used to measure root and rhizome decomposition and production f or 2 years in creekside and interior sediments in a Spartina alterniflora marsh on the seaside of the Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA. Decay was equally rapid regardless of incubation in either creekside or interior sediments and did not vary with depth. Weight loss during the first growing season was 39 and 35 % (creekside and interior respectively). By the end of the second growing season between 81 and 88 % (creekside and interior respectively) of the starting root and rhizome material had decayed. In creekside sediments, very little root growth was measured during either year and root production was highly variable between years (1253 and 99 g m-2). In the interior marsh, the patterns of root growth and the amount of root material produced were similar each year (2016 and 2269 g M-2) . Root and rhizome turnover was faster in the creekside sediments (2.63 yr-1) than in the marsh interior (0.54 yr-1). The greater root production and slower root turnover in the interior marsh occurred in sediments with elevated salinities and oxidation- reduction potentials, and lower sediment saturation. These results suggest that differences in organic matter accumulation in high and low marsh areas may be explained by differences in root production and not differences in decay processes. %O Article MH484 MAR ECOL-PROGR SER %U ://A1993MH48400017 %0 Journal Article %A Linda K. Blum %D 1995 %T Pulsed Ecosystems - a New Paradigm - Papers from a Symposium Dedicated to Odum,William,Eugene (1942-1991) %B Estuaries %V 18 %N 4 %P 545-546 %8 Dec %! Pulsed Ecosystems - a New Paradigm - Papers from a Symposium Dedicated to Odum,William,Eugene (1942-1991) %J Estuaries %M ISI:A1995TA81300001 %O Editorial Material TA813 ESTUARIES %U ://A1995TA81300001 %0 Book Section %A Linda K. Blum %A Robert R. Christian %D 2004 %T Belowground Production And Decomposition Along A Tidal Gradient In A Virginia Salt Marsh %E Fagherazzi, S. %E Marani, M. %E Blum, L. K. %B Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes %C Washington, DC %I American Geophysical Union %P 47-75 %! Belowground Production And Decomposition Along A Tidal Gradient In A Virginia Salt Marsh %J Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes location:mainland core:Primary Productivity core:Organic Matter core:Synthesis %M VCR_04210030236_01 %X A litterbag technique was used to compare root and rhizome production and decay of Spartina alterniflora (salt marsh cord grass) and Juncus roemerianus (black needle rush) at three locations along an elevation gradient over a 2-yr period. The elevation gradient covered a horizontal distance of nearly 500 m from the tidal creek to the upland. The three locations included the low marsh (intermediate height-form S. alterniflora), mid marsh (short height-form S. alterniflora, Distichlis spicata, and Spartina patens) and high marsh (J. roemerianus). Additionally, organic matter accumulation at the low and high marsh locations was monitored for 5 and 4 years, respectively. Decay of J. roemerianus roots was more rapid than decomposition of S. alterniflora roots regardless of where the materials decayed. The differences in decay constants between J. roemerianus and S. alterniflora were not related to the differences in sediment chemistry among the three marsh zones. Root production was significantly different between the three zones and may be related to differences in plant type, growth form, or sediment pore water chemistry. These results suggest that sediment accretion differences in high, mid, and low marsh as a result of organic matter accumulation are related to the ability of the plants to produce roots and to differences in the susceptibility of plant roots to decomposition. We hypothesize that these biological processes alter marsh topography and play a critical role salt marsh transgression during sea-level rise in sediment-limited environments. %O submitted by lkb2e@virginia.edu on Thu, 29 Jul 2004 15:02:36 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Linda K. Blum %A Aaron L. Mills %D 1991 %T Microbial-Growth and Activity During the Initial-Stages of Seagrass Decomposition %B Marine Ecology-Progress Series %V 70 %N 1 %P 73-82 %8 Feb %! Microbial-Growth and Activity During the Initial-Stages of Seagrass Decomposition %J Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. %M ISI:A1991FA34100008 %K bacterial-growth; zostera-marina; heterotrophic utilization; thymidine incorporation; thalassia-testudinum; particulate matter; laminaria-pallida; dna-synthesis; biomass; detritus %X Microbial O2 consumption and bacterial growth associated with decaying Zostera marina increased rapidly in the first 24 h of incubation at the sediment surface. During this period, the detrital complex lost 20% of its initial dry weight. An additional 20% of the original dry weight was lost in the next 13 d, and 73% was lost over the entire 6 wk incubation period; changes in the rate of weight loss were consistent with changes in the patterns of bacterial activity. While the initial response of the detritus-associated bacteria was rapid and substantial, less than 7.5% of the detrital carbon lost during the first 48 h of incubation was metabolized (assimilated plus respired), although 52.6% was metabolized during the 28 d to 42 d period. Of the plant carbon metabolized, over 80% was mineralized to CO2. The results suggest that if bacterial transformation of plant litter is an important link in the transfer of primary production to aquatic food webs, water column bacteria function as a link and not the bacteria associated with detrital particles. %O Article FA341 MAR ECOL-PROGR SER %U ://A1991FA34100008 %0 Journal Article %A Linda K. Blum %A Roberts, M. S. %A Garland, J. L. %A Aaron L. Mills %D 2004 %T Microbial communities among the dominant high marsh plants and associated sediments of the United States East Coast %B Microbial Ecology %V 48 %N 3 %P 375-388 %! Microbial communities among the dominant high marsh plants and associated sediments of the United States East Coast %J Microbial Ecology %M VCR_04210025433_01 %K bacteria fungi microbial community standing-dead marsh grass decomposition location:mainland core:Organic Matter core:Synthesis %X Microbial communities in the sediment and associated with the dominant type of standing dead plant were collected from the high marsh zone of ten sites along the eastern coast of the United States from Maine to Florida. Microbial community composition was examined using T-RFLP, and bacterial and fungal abundance was determined microscopically. Within the sediment, community composition was strongly correlated with latitude, indicating that biogeographical factors are important determinants of sediment community composition, while abundance was positively and strongly correlated with sediment organic matter content. A strong biogeographical effect was observed for both bacterial and fungal abundance on standing dead plants, but there was no clear relationship between community composition and latitude. Microbial community composition was more similar among plants of the same type (i.e., related plant species) suggesting that plant type (i.e., substrate quality) is primarily responsible for the determining community composition on standing dead plants. The results of this work suggest that the trajectory of microbial succession during standing dead decomposition differs among plant types even though the fundamental decay processes are similar. %O submitted by lkb2e@virginia.edu on Thu, 29 Jul 2004 14:54:33 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Linda K. Blum %A Roberts, M. S. %A Garland, J. L. %A Aaron L. Mills %D 2004 %T Biogeographical distribution of microbial communities among dominant high marsh plants and associated sediments of the United States East Coast %B Microbial Ecology %V 48 %N 3 %P 375-388 %! Biogeographical distribution of microbial communities among dominant high marsh plants and associated sediments of the United States East Coast %M VCR_200612010001 %K VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; MANGROVE RHIZOPHORA-APICULATA; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA LOISEL; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SUBSTRATE WEIGHT-LOSS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; SALT-MARSH %X Microbial communities in the sediment and associated with the dominant type of standing dead plant were collected from the high marsh zones of 10 sites along the eastern coast of the United States from Maine to Florida. Microbial community composition was examined using T-RFLP, and bacterial and fungal abundance was determined microscopically. Within the sediment, community composition was strongly correlated with latitude, indicating that biogeographical factors are important determinants of sediment community composition, whereas abundance was positively and strongly correlated with sediment organic matter content. A strong biogeographical effect was observed for both bacterial and fungal abundance on standing dead plants, but there was no clear relationship between community composition and latitude. Microbial community composition was more similar among plants of the same type (i.e., related plant species) suggesting that plant type (i.e., substrate quality) is primarily responsible for the determining community composition on standing dead plants. %0 Thesis %A Bonan, G. %D 1988 %T Environmental Processes and Vegetation Patterns in Boreal Forests %C Charlottesville, Va %I University of Virginia %9 PH.D Thesis %! Environmental Processes and Vegetation Patterns in Boreal Forests %M VCR_10123829_59 %1 Bonan, G. 1988. Environmental Processes and Vegetation Patterns in Boreal Forests. PH.D Thesis. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Bonan, G. B. %A Bruce P. Hayden %D 1990 %T Forest Vegetation Structure on the Eastern Shore of Virginia circa 18,000 years B.P. %B Virginia Journal of Science %V 41 %N 4A %P 307-320 %! Forest Vegetation Structure on the Eastern Shore of Virginia circa 18,000 years B.P. %J P. Va. J. Sci. %M VCR_10123829_60 %1 Bonan, G.B., B.P. Hayden. 1990a. Forest Vegetation Structure on the Eastern Shore of Virginia circa 18,000 years B.P. Va. J. Sci. 41:4A:307-320. %0 Journal Article %A Bonan, G. B. %A Bruce P. Hayden %D 1990 %T Using a Forest Stand Simulation Model to Examine the Ecological and Climatic Significance of the Late-Quarternary Pine-Spruce Pollen Zone in Eastern Virginia, U %B S.A. Quarternary Res. %V 33 %P 204-218 %! Using a Forest Stand Simulation Model to Examine the Ecological and Climatic Significance of the Late-Quarternary Pine-Spruce Pollen Zone in Eastern Virginia, U %J S.A. Quarternary Res. %M VCR_10123829_61 %1 Bonan, G.B., B.P. Hayden. 1990b. Using a Forest Stand Simulation Model to Examine the Ecological and Climatic Significance of the Late-Quarternary Pine-Spruce Pollen Zone in Eastern Virginia, U.S.A. Quarternary Res. 33:204-218. %0 Journal Article %A Borrett, S. R. %A Whipple, S. J. %A Patten, B. C. %A Robert R. Christian %D 2006 %T Indirect effects and distributed control in ecosystems: Temporal variation of indirect effects in a seven-compartment model of nitrogen flow in the Neuse River Estuary, USA—Time series analysis %B Ecological Modelling %V 194 %P 178-188 %! Indirect effects and distributed control in ecosystems: Temporal variation of indirect effects in a seven-compartment model of nitrogen flow in the Neuse River Estuary, USA—Time series analysis %J Ecological Modelling %M VCR_06324085630_01 %K core:Nutrient Cycling core:Model %O submitted by christianr@ecu.edu on Tue, 21 Nov 2006 08:56:30 -0500 %0 Journal Article %A Brannon, M. P. %A Nancy D. Moncrief %A Raymond D. Dueser %D 2001 %T New records of reptiles from the Virginia barrier islands %B Banisteria %V 18 %P 42-43 %! New records of reptiles from the Virginia barrier islands %J Banisteria %M VCR_1022460_7 %1 Brannon, M.P., N.D. Moncrief, and R.D. Dueser. 2001. New records of reptiles from the Virginia barrier islands. Banisteria 18:42-43. Keywords= , island , megasite , data , journal End_keywords NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by moncrief@mail.evsc.virginia.edu, Thu Jul 18 EDT 2002 End_notes %O submitted by moncrief@mail.evsc.virginia.edu, Thu Jul 18 EDT 2002 %0 Thesis %A Steven T. Brantley %D 2005 %T Seasonal and spatial variation in leaf area index, litter production and light levels in Myrica cerifera shrub thickets across a barrier island chronosequence %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %! Seasonal and spatial variation in leaf area index, litter production and light levels in Myrica cerifera shrub thickets across a barrier island chronosequence %M VCR_05215020029_01 %K LAI; shrub; litter; production; light; succession location:island core:Primary Productivity %O submitted by dryoung@vcu.edu on Thu, 04 Aug 2005 14:00:29 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Steven T. Brantley %A Donald R. Young %D 2007 %T Leaf-area index and light attenuation in rapidly expanding shrub thickets %B Ecology %V 88 %P 525-530 %! Leaf-area index and light attenuation in rapidly expanding shrub thickets %J Ecology %M VCR_07252032744_01 %K location:islandcore:Primary Productivity %O submitted by dryoung@vcu.edu on Mon, 10 Sep 2007 15:27:44 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Steven T. Brantley %A Donald R. Young %D 2008 %T Shifts in litter production and dominant nitrogen sources after expansion of shrub thickets %B Oecologia %V 155 %N 2 %P 337-345 %! Shifts in litter production and dominant nitrogen sources after expansion of shrub thickets %J Oecologia %M VCR_07252034418_01 %K location:island; core:Primary Productivity; core:Nutrient Cycling;core:Organic Matter; ISLAND DUNE CHRONOSEQUENCE; VIRGINIA BARRIER-ISLAND; MYRICA-CERIFERA; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; PLANT COMMUNITY; MESIC GRASSLAND; FIXATION; ECOSYSTEM; CARBON; DYNAMICS;barrier islands; stable isotopes; woody encroachment %X Woody encroachment into herbaceous ecosystems is emerging as an important ecological response to global change. A primary concern is alterations in C and N cycling and associated variations across a variety of ecosystems. We quantified seasonal variation in litterfall and litter N concentration in Morella cerifera shrub thickets to assess changes in litterfall and associated N input after shrub expansion on an Atlantic coast barrier island. We also used the natural abundance of N-15 to estimate the proportion of litterfall N originating from symbiotic N fixation. Litterfall for shrub thickets ranged from 8,991 +/- 247 to 3,810 +/- 399 kg ha(-1) year(-1) and generally declined with increasing thicket age. Litterfall in three of the four thickets exceeded previous estimates of aboveground annual net primary production in adjacent grasslands by 300-400%. Leaf N concentration was also higher after shrub expansion and, coupled with low N resorption efficiency and high litterfall, resulted in a return of as much as 169 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) to the soil. We estimated that similar to 70% of N returned to the soil was from symbiotic N fixation resulting in an ecosystem input of between 37 and 118 kg ha(-1) year(-1) of atmospheric N depending on site. Considering the extensive cover of shrub thickets on Virginia barrier islands, N fixation by shrubs is likely the largest single source of N to the system. The shift from grassland to shrub thicket on barrier islands results in a substantial increase in litterfall and foliar N concentration that will likely have a major impact on the size and cycling of ecosystem C and N pools. Increasing C and N availability in these nutrient-poor soils is likely to permanently reduce cover of native grasses and alter community structure by favoring species with greater N requirements. %O submitted by dryoung@vcu.edu on Mon, 10 Sep 2007 15:44:18 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Mark M. Brinson %D 1996 %T The role of reference wetlands in functional assessment and mitigation %B Ecological Applications %V 6 %P 69-76 %! The role of reference wetlands in functional assessment and mitigation %J Ecological Applications %M VCR_10123829_68 %1 Brinson, M.M. and R.Rheinhardt. 1996. The role of reference wetlands in functional assessment and mitigation. Ecological Applications 6:69-76. Keywords:assessment, compensatory mitigation, creation, functioning, hydrogeomorphic classification of wetlands, reference standards, reference wetlands, restoration, wetland:: Notes: submitted by mbrinson, Fri May 2 EDT 1997 :: %K assessment compensatory mitigation creation functioning hydrogeomorphic classification of wetlands reference standards reference wetlands restoration wetland %O submitted by mbrinson, Fri May 2 EDT 1997 %0 Journal Article %A Mark M. Brinson %D 1999 %T Endangered forests (book review) %B Wetlands %V 19 %P 807-809 %! Endangered forests (book review) %J Wetlands (book review) %M VCR_10123829_63 %1 Brinson, M.M. 1999. Endangered forests. Wetlands (book review) 19:807-809. Keywords=Forested Wetlands End_keywords Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 %0 Journal Article %A Mark M. Brinson %D 2000 %T Fluvial forms and processes: A new perspective (book review) %B Ecological Engineering %V 14 %P 307-308 %! Fluvial forms and processes: A new perspective (book review) %J Ecological Engineering %M VCR_10123829_9 %1 Brinson, M.M. 2000. Fluvial forms and processes: A new perspective (book review). Ecological Engineering 14:307-308. Notes= submitted by brinsonM@mail.ecu.edu, Thu Mar 22 EST 2001 End_notes %O submitted by brinsonM@mail.ecu.edu, Thu Mar 22 EST 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Mark M. Brinson %D 2001 %T Book Review: Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (Paul A. Keddy) %B Limnology and Oceanography %V 46 %P 1581-1582 %! Book Review: Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (Paul A. Keddy) %J Limnology and Oceanography %M VCR_03211023208_01 %K outreach %O submitted by Brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu on Thu, 31 Jul 2003 14:32:08 -0400 %0 Book Section %A Mark M. Brinson %D 2006 %T Chapter 12. Consequences for wetlands of a changing global environment. %E Batzer, D. P. %E Sharitz, R. R. %B Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands %C Berkeley, CA. %I University of California Press %P 436-461. %! Chapter 12. Consequences for wetlands of a changing global environment. %J Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands %M VCR_06302023231_01 %K climate change wetlands location:megasite core:Synthesis %O submitted by brinsonm@ecu.edu on Mon, 30 Oct 2006 14:32:31 -0500 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Mark M. Brinson %A Robert R. Christian %D 1999 %T Stability and response of Juncus roemerianus patches in a salt marsh %B Wetlands %V 19 %P 65-70 %! Stability and response of Juncus roemerianus patches in a salt marsh %J Wetlands. %M VCR_10123829_62 %1 Brinson, M. M., and R. R. Christian. 1999. Stability and response of Juncus roemerianus patches in a salt marsh. Wetlands. 19: 65-70. %0 Journal Article %A Mark M. Brinson %A Robert R. Christian %D 1999 %T Stability of Juncus roemerianus patches in a salt marsh %B Wetlands %V 19 %N 1 %P 65-70 %8 Mar %! Stability of Juncus roemerianus patches in a salt marsh %J Wetlands %M ISI:000079409700007 %K Juncus roemerianus; tidal marsh; salt marsh; wrack; disturbance; Virginia; marsh transgression; rising sea level vegetation; zonation %X In a Virginia (USA) marsh undergoing transgression due to rising sea level, we examined the stability of the boundary between nearly monotypic patches of Juncus roemerianus and adjacent plant communities for 6 years. Patch stability was evaluated by examining interannual changes in 5 cover classes: J. roemerianus, Spartina alterniflora, S. patens, Distichlis spicata, and wrack. Patches were chosen at four sites ranging from a low marsh site with mineral soil that receives semidiurnal estuarine flooding to a high marsh site with organic rich soil that receives only storm-induced flooding from the estuary. The semidiurnally flooded site in the low marsh was the only one losing J. roemerianus cover and had largest interannual variations in wrack and bare soil. At a high marsh site near a tidal creek, incidence of wrack cover was high and patchy but apparently insufficient to reduce cover of J. roemerianus. At the two sites with infrequent estuarine flooding because of distance from tidal creeks, wrack was virtually absent and patches of J. roemerianus expanded. Patch expansion at one of these sites occurred even though the marsh subsided, and coverage by the three other species decreased over the course of the study. Overall, J. roemerianus patches appeared quite stable, with declines associated with wrack disturbance at the site that had the deepest and most frequent tidal flooding. Patch stability is due in part to the wide tolerance of J. roemerianus for hydroperiod and salinity. %O Article 180WX WETLANDS %U ://000079409700007 %0 Journal Article %A Mark M. Brinson %A Robert R. Christian %D in press %T Assessing functions of wetlands and the need for reference %B Biologia Ambientale %! Assessing functions of wetlands and the need for reference %M VCR_10123829_8 %1 Brinson, M. M., and R. R. Christian. in press. Assessing functions of wetlands and the need for reference . Biologia Ambientale Notes= submitted by rchristian@lternet.edu, Wed Apr 4 EDT 2001 End_notes %K Environmental Biology Italian Association of Environmental Biologists %0 Journal Article %A Mark M. Brinson %A Robert R. Christian %A Linda K. Blum %D 1995 %T Multiple States in the Sea-Level Induced Transition from Terrestrial Forest to Estuary %B Estuaries %V 18 %N 4 %P 648-659 %8 Dec %! Multiple States in the Sea-Level Induced Transition from Terrestrial Forest to Estuary %J Estuaries %M ISI:A1995TA81300010 %K england salt-marsh; soil-water movement; spartina-alterniflora; delmarva-peninsula; plant community; chesapeake bay; tidal creeks; fresh-water; new-york; virginia %X In this paper we provide a conceptual model to examine changes in ecosystem state during the transition from terrestrial forest to shallow estuarine environments for coastal mainland marshes at the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR), United States of America. Ecosystem states are characterized by plant community dominants and soil/sediment characteristics. The five states considered are upland or wetland forest, organic high marsh, intertidal mineral low marsh, autotrophic benthic with or without submersed aquatic vascular plants, and heterotrophic benthic (estuarine bottom). Transitions between states are described from the perspective of a fixed forest location undergoing transition from one ecosystem state to another. Rising sea level is acknowledged as the master variable that forces the process of change overall. Each state is hypothesized to have self-maintaining properties and thus is resistant to change from rising sea level; alternatively, transitions between states are facilitated by disturbance or exposure to acute stress. For change to occur, resistance must be overcome by events that are more abrupt than rising sea level and that appear as accentuated pulsings, which result in another self-maintaining and resistant state. Such events facilitate plant species replacement and alter sediment conditions. Mechanisms responsible for causing a state to cross a threshold are unique for each transition type and include brackish-water intrusion (osmotic stress and sulfide toxicity), tidal creek encroachment (redistribution of sediments), erosive currents and waves (resuspension of sediments, which increases light extinction), and increasing water depth (leads to greater bottom shading). Field experiments relevant to scales at which pulsings occur are not abundant in coastal marshes. %O Article TA813 ESTUARIES %U ://A1995TA81300010 %0 Book Section %A Mark M. Brinson %A Kruczynski, W. %A Lee, L. C. %A Nutter, W. L. %A Smith, R. D. %A Whigham, D. F. %D 1994 %T Developing an approach for assessing the functions of wetlands %E Mitsch, W. J. %B Global Wetlands: Old World and New %C Amsterdam %I Elsevier Science %P 615-624 %! Developing an approach for assessing the functions of wetlands %M VCR_10123829_71 %1 Brinson, M.M., W. Kruczynski, L.C. Lee, W. L. Nutter, R.D. Smith and D.F. Whigham. 1994. Developing an approach for assessing the functions of wetlands. Pages 615-624 in W. J. Mitsch (ed.) Global Wetlands: Old World and New. Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam. %0 Journal Article %A Mark M. Brinson %A Malvarez, A. I. %D 2002 %T Temperate freshwater wetlands: types, status, and threats %B Environmental Conservation %V 29 %N 2 %P 115-133 %8 Jun %! Temperate freshwater wetlands: types, status, and threats %J Environ. Conserv. %M ISI:000178121600001 %K wetland loss; wetland inventories; biodiversity; hydrologic alterations; eutrophication; restoration southern high-plains; ecosystem management; irrigation practices; ecological impacts; riverine wetlands; species richness; plant diversity; north-america; central japan; great- lakes %X This review examines the status of temperate-zone freshwater wetlands and makes projections of how changes over the 2025 time horizon might affect their biodiversity. The six geographic regions addressed are temperate areas of North America, South America, northern Europe, northern Mediterranean, temperate Russia, Mongolia, north-east China, Korea and Japan, and southern Australia and New Zealand. Information from the recent technical literature, general accounts in books, and some first-hand experience provided the basis for describing major wetland types, their status and major threats. Loss of biodiversity is a consequence both of a reduction in area and deterioration in condition. The information base for either change is highly variable geographically. Many countries lack accurate inventories, and for those with inventories, classifications differ, thus making comparisons difficult. Factors responsible for losses and degradation include diversions and damming of river flows, disconnecting floodplain wetlands from flood flows, eutrophication, contamination, grazing, harvests of plants and animals, global warming, invasions of exotics, and the practices of filling, dyking and draining. In humid regions, drainage of depressions and flats has eliminated large areas of wetlands. In arid regions, irrigated agriculture directly competes with wetlands for water. Eutrophication is widespread, which, together with effects of invasive species, reduces biotic complexity. In northern Europe and the northern Mediterranean, losses have been ongoing for hundreds of years, while losses in North America accelerated during the 1950s through to the 1970s. In contrast, areas such as China appear to be on the cusp of expanding drainage projects and building impoundments that will eliminate and degrade freshwater wetlands. Generalizations and trends gleaned from this paper should be considered only as a starting point for developing world-scale data sets. One trend is that the more industrialized countries are likely to conserve their already impacted, remaining wetlands, while nations with less industrialization are now experiencing accelerated losses, and may continue to do so for the next several decades. Another observation is that countries with both protection and restoration programmes do not necessarily enjoy a net increase in area and improvement in condition. Consequently, both reductions in the rates of wetland loss and increases in the rates of restoration are needed in tandem to achieve overall improvements in wetland area and condition. %O Review 595RB ENVIRON CONSERV %U ://000178121600001 %0 Book Section %A Mark M. Brinson %A Rheinhardt, R. D. %D 1999 %T Wetland functions and relations to societal values %E Messina, M. G. %E Conner, W. H. %B Southern Forested Wetlands: Ecology and Management %C Boca Raton %I Lewis Publishers %P 29 %! Wetland functions and relations to societal values %M VCR_10123829_66 %1 Brinson, M.M. and R. D. Rheinhardt. 1999. Wetland functions and relations to societal values. Pages 29 in M. G. Messina and W. H. Conner. Southern Forested Wetlands: Ecology and Management. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida. Keywords=Forested wetlands, functions, values End_keywords Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 End_notes %0 Book Section %A Mark M. Brinson %A Smith, R. D. %A Whigham, D. F. %A Lee, L. C. %A Rheinhardt, R. D. %A Nutter, W. L. %D 1998 %T Progress in development of the hydrogeomorphic approach for assessing the functioning of wetlands %E McComb, A. J. %E Davis, J. A. %B Wetlands for the Future %C Adelaide, Australia %I Gleneagles Publishing %P 383 %! Progress in development of the hydrogeomorphic approach for assessing the functioning of wetlands %M VCR_10123829_69 %1 Brinson, M.M., R.D. Smith, D.F. Whigham, L.C. Lee, R.D. Rheinhardt, and W.L. Nutter. 1998. Progress in development of the hydrogeomorphic approach for assessing the functioning of wetlands. Pages 383 in A. J. McComb and J. A. Davis. Wetlands for the Future. Gleneagles Publishing, Adelaide, Australia. Keywords=wetland functional assessment End_keywords Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 End_notes %0 Book Section %A Mark M. Brinson %A Verhoeven, J. %D 1999 %T Riparian forests %E Hunter, M. L. %B Maintaining Biodiversity in Forested Ecosystems %C Cambridge, UK %I Cambridge University Press %P 265-200 %! Riparian forests %M VCR_10123829_64 %1 Brinson, M.M. and J. Verhoeven. 1999. Riparian forests. Pages 265-200 in M.L. Hunter (editor) Maintaining Biodiversity in Forested Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. Keywords=riparian ecosystems, forested wetlands End_keywords Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Jul 28 EDT 1999 %0 Thesis %A Tracy L. Buck %D 2001 %T High marsh plant community response to sea-level rise induced high marsh subsidence and ecosystem state change %B Biology %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %9 M.S. Thesis %! High marsh plant community response to sea-level rise induced high marsh subsidence and ecosystem state change %M VCR_10123829_11 %1 Buck, T. 2001. High marsh plant community response to sea-level rise induced high marsh subsidence and ecosystem state change. East Carolina University, Greenville, NC pp. Keywords=adenylates, Distichlis spicata, Spartina patens End_keywords Notes= submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu, Wed Aug 8 EDT 2001 End_notes %K adenylates Distichlis spicata Spartina patens %0 Journal Article %A Ishi Buffam %A Karen J. McGlathery %D 2003 %T Effect of ultraviolet light on dissolved nitrogen transformations in coastal lagoon water %B Limnology and Oceanography %V 48 %N 2 %P 723-734 %8 Mar %! Effect of ultraviolet light on dissolved nitrogen transformations in coastal lagoon water %J Limnol. Oceanogr. %M ISI:000181758700012 %K free amino-acids; biologically available nitrogen; organic- matter; humic substances; natural-waters; photochemical degradation; colloidal matter; carbon; photodegradation; phytoplankton; nitrogen; organic nitrogen; amino acids; nutrient cycling; lagoon; location:lagoon; core:Nutrient Cycling %X The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the production of inorganic nitrogen, urea, and amino acids from aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM) was investigated for waters from Hog Island Bay, a coastal lagoon in Virginia. Waters representing distinct sources of DOM to the lagoon were subjected to UV light mimicking the natural solar spectrum. Dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations did not change measurably during the 36-h incubation, while calculated dissolved organic carbon concentrations dropped by up to 17%, resulting in decreases in estimated C/N for some samples. Nitrate and urea levels were not consistently altered in the light, while ammonium photoproduction rates of up to 0.032 mumol N L-1 h(-1) were observed. Changes in dissolved free amino acids were measured in a groundwater sample obtained from a shoreline seep, and this sample exhibited photoproduction of glycine and alanine at rates of 0.8-1.1 nmol N L-1 h(-1). The rates of ammonium and amino acid formation, when scaled up to estimate photoproduction in the lagoon system, appeared to be minor relative to other sources to and fluxes within the system. submitted by kjm4k@virginia.edu on Tue, 10 Feb 2004 09:26:30 -0500 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %O Article 659CB LIMNOL OCEANOGR %U ://000181758700012 %0 Journal Article %A Bulger, A. %A Bruce P. Hayden %A Monaco, M. A. %A McCormick-Ray, J. %D 1993 %T Biologically-based estuarine salinity zones derived from a multivariate analysis %B Estuaries %V 16 %N 2 %P 311-322 %! Biologically-based estuarine salinity zones derived from a multivariate analysis %J Estuaries. %M VCR_10123829_72 %1 Bulger, A., B.P. Hayden, M.A. Monaco and J. McCormick-Ray 1993. Biologically-based estuarine salinity zones derived from a multivariate analysis. Estuaries. 16(2):311-322. %0 Thesis %A Callaghan, A. %D 1999 %T Factors controlling the distribution of nitrate in a shallow coastal plain aquifer on Virginias Eastern Shore %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 311-322 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Factors controlling the distribution of nitrate in a shallow coastal plain aquifer on Virginias Eastern Shore %M VCR_10123829_73 %1 Callaghan, A. V. 1999. Factors controlling the distribution of nitrate in a shallow coastal plain aquifer on Virginias Eastern Shore. M.S. Thesis University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. %0 Book %A Callaos, N. %A John H. Porter %A Rishe, N. %D 2002 %T Proceedings of the 6th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: Volume VII Information Systems Development II, July 14-18, 2002 %C Orlando, Florida, USA %I International Institute of Informatics and Systemics %V 7 %P 536 %! Proceedings of the 6th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: Volume VII Information Systems Development II, July 14-18, 2002 %M VCR_1022460_22 %1 Callaos, N., J.H. Porter and N. Rishe. 2002. Proceedings of the 6th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: Volume VII Information Systems Development II, July 14-18, 2002. International Institute of Informatics and Systemics. Orlando, Florida, USA. pp. 536. Keywords=Data management , data , book End_keywords Abstract=Abstracts from the SCI2002 meeting End_abstract NSFAck=N Notes= submitted by jhp7e@virginia.edu, Wed Sep 4 EDT 2002 End_notes %K Data management , data , book %0 Thesis %A Takisha A. Cannon %D 1998 %T A comparison of microbial food webs in tidal marsh creeks of Northhampton County, Virginia %C University of Virginia %P 122 %9 Masters Thesis %! A comparison of microbial food webs in tidal marsh creeks of Northhampton County, Virginia %M VCR_10123829_74 %1 Cannon, Takisha A. 1998. A comparison of microbial food webs in tidal marsh creeks of Northhampton County, Virginia. Masters Thesis, University of Virginia pp. 122 Keywords:bacterial dynamics, phytoplankton:: Notes: submitted by lblum, Tue Jun 16 EDT 1998 :: %K bacterial dynamics phytoplankton %O submitted by lblum, Tue Jun 16 EDT 1998 %0 Journal Article %A Cao, M. %A Prince, S. D. %A Herman H. Shugart %D 2002 %T Increasing terrestrial carbon uptake from the 1980s to the 1990s with changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 %B Global Biogeochemical Cycles %V 16 %N 4 %P 1069 %! Increasing terrestrial carbon uptake from the 1980s to the 1990s with changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 %M VCR_200212310002 %0 Journal Article %A Carter, G. A. %A Donald R. Young %D 1995 %T Foliar spectral relfectance and plant stress on a barrier island %B International Journal of Plant Science %V 154 %P 298-305 %! Foliar spectral relfectance and plant stress on a barrier island %J International Journal of Plant Science %M VCR_10123829_77 %1 Carter, G.A. and D.R. Young. 1995. Foliar spectral relfectance and plant stress on a barrier island. International Journal of Plant Science 154:298-305. Notes= submitted by dyoung@felix.vcu.edu, Wed Nov 29 EST 1995 End_notes %O submitted by dyoung@felix.vcu.edu, Wed Nov 29 EST 1995 %0 Thesis %A Chambers, R. %D 1990 %T Nitrogen and Phosphorous Dynamics in Tidal Freshwater Marshes %C Charlottesville, Va %I Univeristy of Virginia %P 298-305 %9 Ph.D Thesis %! Nitrogen and Phosphorous Dynamics in Tidal Freshwater Marshes %M VCR_10123829_78 %1 Chambers, R. 1990. Nitrogen and Phosphorous Dynamics in Tidal Freshwater Marshes. Ph.D Thesis. Univeristy of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. %0 Journal Article %A Chambers, R. %D 1992 %T A fluctuating water-level chamber for biogeochemical experiments in tidal marshes %B Estuaries %V 15 %P 53-58 %! A fluctuating water-level chamber for biogeochemical experiments in tidal marshes %J Estuaries %M VCR_10123829_79 %1 Chambers, R. 1992. A fluctuating water-level chamber for biogeochemical experiments in tidal marshes. Estuaries 15:53-58. %0 Journal Article %A Chambers, R. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1990 %T Porewater oxidation, dissloved phosphate and the iron curtain: Iron-phosphorous relations in tidal freshwater marshes %B Biogeochem. %V 10 %P 37-52 %! Porewater oxidation, dissloved phosphate and the iron curtain: Iron-phosphorous relations in tidal freshwater marshes %J Biogeochem. %M VCR_10123829_80 %1 Chambers, R., W.E. Odum. 1990. Porewater oxidation, dissloved phosphate and the iron curtain: Iron-phosphorous relations in tidal freshwater marshes. Biogeochem. 10:37-52. %0 Journal Article %A Chambers, R. M. %A Harvey, J. W. %A Odum, W. E. %D 1992 %T Ammonium and phosphate dynamics in a Virginia salt marsh %B Estuaries %V 15 %N 3 %P 349-359 %! Ammonium and phosphate dynamics in a Virginia salt marsh %J Estuaries %M VCR_10123829_81 %1 Chambers, R.M., J.W. Harvey and W.E. Odum 1992. Ammonium and phosphate dynamics in a Virginia salt marsh. Estuaries 15(3):349-359. %0 Journal Article %A Robert R. Christian %D 1994 %T Aggregation and Disaggregation of Microbial Food Webs %B Microbial Ecology %V 28 %N 2 %P 327-329 %8 Sep-Oct %! Aggregation and Disaggregation of Microbial Food Webs %J Microb. Ecol. %M ISI:A1994PN36200027 %K ecosystem; bacteria %X Models of the microbial food web have generally used compartments aggregated by general body size and gross taxonomy. It has been assumed that these also reflect guilds or holons. Generally, results of simulation or analysis based on this structure have been reasonably well validated. Herein I summarize why the aggregations may be justified and what may be learned from disaggregation. %O Article PN362 MICROBIAL ECOL %U ://A1994PN36200027 %0 Book Section %A Robert R. Christian %D 2002 %T Coastal resources %B Global Terrestrial Observing System Biennial Report 2000-2001 %C Rome, Italy %I FAO %P 18-19 %! Coastal resources %M VCR_1022460_10 %1 Christian, R.R. 2002. Coastal resources. Pages 18-19 in FAO, Rome, Italy. Global Terrestrial Observing System Biennial Report 2000-2001. Keywords=GTOS , xsite , other End_keywords NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu, Mon Aug 12 EDT 2002 End_notes %K GTOS , xsite , other %0 Journal Article %A Robert R. Christian %D 2003 %T Coastal initiative of the Global Terrestrial Observing System %B Ocean & Coastal Management %V 46 %N 3-4 %P 313-321 %! Coastal initiative of the Global Terrestrial Observing System %J Ocean Coastal Manage. %M ISI:000182799800007 %X The three global observing systems (the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS); the Global Oceanographic Observing System (GOOS);. and the, Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS)) are designed to detect and assess, global change. A land-based coastal observing system initiative under GTOS is at the beginnings and will lead toward the integration of terrestrial and freshwater observations with marine observations under the auspices of coastal GOOS. The GTOS infrastructure already builds on national, regional and global programs for terrestrial observations, but more emphasis is needed on the unique circumstances of coastal ecosystems. Coastal GTOS will use the observing system philosophy and infrastructure to identify and improve access to data and information about coastal change; assist users to make that access systematically; ensure that appropriate measures are being or can be made; and integrate terrestrial observations with marine observations. Key variables have been defined for GTOS. But major challenges include evaluating these and others for coastal ecosystems and identifying the indicators of coastal condition that operate at appropriate scales. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. %O Article 677HA OCEAN COAST MANAGE %U ://000182799800007 %0 Book Section %A Robert R. Christian %D 2003 %T E6-70-05-01 Concepts of ecosystem, level, and scale. %E N.E. S.CO, U. %B Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) %C Oxford, UK %I Eolss Publishers %Y Bodini, A. %S Ecology theme %! E6-70-05-01 Concepts of ecosystem, level, and scale. %M VCR_200312310002 %U http://www.eolss.net %0 Generic %A Robert R. Christian %D 2004 %T GTOS coastal programme. %B Global Terrestrial Observing System Biennial Report 2002-2003 %C Rome, Italy. %I FAO of the UN %P 12-13 %! GTOS coastal programme. %J Global Terrestrial Observing System Biennial Report 2002-2003 %M VCR_05208100612_01 %K outreach %O submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu on Thu, 28 Jul 2005 10:06:12 -0400 %0 Journal Article %A Robert R. Christian %D 2005 %T Beyond the Mediterranean to global observations of coastal lagoons. %B Hydrobiologia . %V 550 %P 1-8 %! Beyond the Mediterranean to global observations of coastal lagoons. %M VCR_200512310001 %0 Book Section %A Robert R. Christian %A Baird, D. %A Luczkovich, J. %A Johnson, J. C. %A Scharler, U. %A Ulanowicz, R. E. %D 2005 %T Role of network analysis in comparative ecosystem ecology of estuaries. %E Belgrano, A. %E Scharler, U. M. %E Dunne, J. %E Ulanowicz, R. E. %B Complexity in Aquatic Food Webs: an Ecosystem Approach. %C Oxford, UK %I Oxford University Press %P 25-40 %! Role of network analysis in comparative ecosystem ecology of estuaries. %J Complexity in Aquatic Food Webs: an Ecosystem Approach. %M VCR_05208095504_01 %K food webs; estuaries; location:megasite; core:Nutrient Cycling; core:Synthesis %O submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu on Thu, 28 Jul 2005 09:55:04 -0400 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Book Section %A Robert R. Christian %A Capone, D. G. %D 1996 %T Overview of issues in aquatic microbial ecology %E Hurst, C. J. %E Knudsen, G. R. %E McInerney, M. J. %E Stetzenbach, L. D. %E Walter, M. V. %B Manual of Environmental Microbiology %C Washington, D.C. %I ASM Press %P 245-251 %! Overview of issues in aquatic microbial ecology %M VCR_10123829_82 %1 Christian, R. R. and D. G. Capone. 1996. Overview of issues in aquatic microbial ecology. Pages 245-251 in C.J. Hurst, G. R. Knudsen, M. J. McInerney, L. D. Stetzenbach, M. V. Walter. Manual of Environmental Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. Keywords:microbial ecology:: Notes: submitted by rchristian, Wed May 14 EDT 1997 :: %0 Book Section %A Robert R. Christian %A Capone, D. G. %D 2001 %T Chapter 28: Overview of issues in aquatic microbial ecology %E Hurst, C. J. %E Crawford, R. L. %E McInerney, M. J. %E Stetzenbach, L. D. %E Walter, M. V. %B Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 2nd Edition %C Washington, DC. %I ASM Press %7 2nd %! Chapter 28: Overview of issues in aquatic microbial ecology %M VCR_1022460_12 %1 Christian, R. R., and D. G. Capone. 2001. Chapter 28: Overview of issues in aquatic microbial ecology. Pages 323-328 in C. J. Hurst, R. L. Crawford, M. J. McInerney, L. D. Stetzenbach, and M. V. Walter. Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 2nd edition, ASM Press, Washington, DC. Keywords=microbial ecology , nutrcyc , synth , book End_keywords NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu, Mon Aug 12 EDT 2002 End_notes %K microbial ecology , nutrcyc , synth , book %0 Journal Article %A Robert R. Christian %A DiGiacomo, P. M. %A Malone, T. C. %A Talaue-McManus, L. %D 2006 %T Opportunities and challenges of establishing coastal observing systems. %B Estuaries and Coasts %V 29 %P 871-875 %! Opportunities and challenges of establishing coastal observing systems. %J Estuaries and Coasts %M VCR_06324084813_01 %K GTOS GOOS IOOS core:Synthesis outreach %O submitted by christianr@ecu.edu on Tue, 21 Nov 2006 08:48:13 -0500 %0 Journal Article %A Robert R. Christian %A Fores, E. %A Comin, F. %A Viaroli, P. %A Naldi, M. %A Ferrari, I. %D 1996 %T Nitrogen cycling networks of coastal ecosystems: Influence of trophic status and primary producer form %B Ecological Modelling %V 87 %N 1-3 %P 111-129 %8 Jun %! Nitrogen cycling networks of coastal ecosystems: Influence of trophic status and primary producer form %J Ecol. Model. %M ISI:A1996UQ56000011 %K estuary ecosystems; lagoon ecosystems; networks; nitrogen; rice; trophic status neuse river estuary; marine ecosystems; north-carolina; ricefields; temperate; patterns; lagoons; water %X We have used ecological network analysis to compare nitrogen cycles from five well-researched coastal ecosystems. These included a representative ricefield and two lagoons (Tancada and Encanysada lagoons) in the Ebro River delta, Spain; a region of the Sacca di Gore, a lagoon at the mouth of the Po River, Italy; and a drowned river estuary in North Carolina, USA, the Neuse River estuary. We constructed networks for the various systems and ranked them by trophic status (i.e., degree of eutrophication) using four indices. We then considered the importance of (1) trophic status, (2) growth form of dominant primary producer and (3) water residence time to the intensity and pattern of recycling and to the manner in which the systems can filter N. Three indices of flux (rate of import, primary productivity and total systems throughput) gave similar rankings of trophic status among ecosystems with the Italian and U.S. systems being most eutrophic, ricefields next, and then the two Spanish lagoons. Patterns of N export and of cycling within the systems were most closely related to the growth form of dominant primary producers. Phytoplankton, with their rapid turnover rate, foster rapid recycling within the water column and continuous transfer to sediments and export. Submersed and emergent aquatic vegetation and macroalgae create lags and pulses within systems by sequestering N during growth and releasing it during senescence, death and decomposition. Trends in cycling among systems relative to trophic status or water residence appear largely secondary to primary producer growth form. %O Article UQ560 ECOL MODEL %U ://A1996UQ56000011 %0 Book Section %A Robert R. Christian %A French, C. %A Gosz, J. %A Waide, R. %D 1999 %T Perspectives on international long term ecological research %E Farina, A. %B Perspectives in ecology: a glance from the VII International Congress of Ecology (Florence 19-25 July 1998) %C Leiden, NL %I Backhuys Publishers %P 99-106 %! Perspectives on international long term ecological research %M VCR_10123829_83 %1 Christian, R. R., C. French, J. Gosz, and R. Waide. in press. Perspectives on international long term ecological research. Proceedings of the VII International Congress of Ecology. Florence, Italy July 1998. %0 Journal Article %A Robert R. Christian %A Gosz, J. %D 2001 %T Long-term ecological research in concept and practice %B Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Ecologia ATTI %V 25 %P 25-31 %! Long-term ecological research in concept and practice %M VCR_1022460_9 %1 Christian, R.R., and J. Gosz. in press. Long-term ecological research in concept and practice. In . Atti del XXV Congesso Nazionale della Societa italiana di Ecologia. Keywords=LTER, Italy , xsite , book End_keywords NSFAck=Y Notes= submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu, Mon Aug 12 EDT 2002 End_notes %K LTER, Italy , xsite , book %0 Journal Article %A Robert R. Christian %A Bruce P. Hayden %D 1995 %T Long-term ecological research in the United States, an international initiative and implications for Italy %B Bollettino della Societa italiana di Ecologia %V 16 %P 60-63 %! Long-term ecological research in the United States, an international initiative and implications for Italy %J Bollettino della Societa italiana di Ecologia %M VCR_10123829_88 %1 Christian, R. R., and B. P. Hayden. 1995. Long-term ecological research in the United States, an international initiative and implications for Italy. Bollettino della Societa italiana di Ecologia 16:60-63. Keywords:ILTER, Italy:: Notes: submitted by rchristian, Wed May 14 EDT 1997 :: %K ILTER Italy %O submitted by rchristian, Wed May 14 EDT 1997 %0 Journal Article %A Robert R. Christian %A Luczkovich, J. J. %D 1999 %T Organizing and understanding a winters seagrass foodweb network through effective trophic levels %B Ecological Modelling %V 117 %N 1 %P 99-124 %8 Apr 1 %! Organizing and understanding a winters seagrass foodweb network through effective trophic levels %J Ecol. Model. %M ISI:000081020500007 %K seagrass community; network analysis; effective trophic level; carbon flow juvenile marine fishes; community structure; lagodon- rhomboides; webs; ecosystem; pinfish; organization; variability; aggregation; florida %X Trophic structure of ecosystems is a unifying concept in ecology. however, the quantification of trophic level of individual components has not received the attention one might expect. Ecosystem network analysis provides a format to make several assessments of trophic structure of communities, including the effective trophic level (i.e. non-integer) of these components. We applied network analysis to a Halodule wrightii community in Goose Creek Bay, St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, USA, during January and February 1994 where we sampled a wide variety of taxa. Unlike most applications of network analysis. the field sampling design was specific for network construction. From these data and literature values, we constructed and analyzed one of the most complex, highly articulated and site specific foodweb networks to be done. Care was taken to structure the network to reflect best the field data and ecology of populations within the requirements of analysis software. This involved establishing internally consistent rules of data manipulation and compartment aggregation. Special attention was paid to the microbial components of the food web. Consumer compartments comprised effective trophic levels from 2.0 (herbivore/detririvore) to 4.32 (where a level 4.0 represents secondary carnivory), and these values were used to organize data interpretation. The effective trophic levels of consumers tended to aggregate near integer values, but the spread from integer values increased with increasing level. Detritus and benthic microalgae acted as important sources of food in the extended diets of many consumers. Bottom-up control appeared important through mixed trophic impact analysis. and the extent of positive impacts decreased with increasing trophic level. Top-down control was limited to a few consumers with relatively large production or biomass relative to their trophic position. Overall, ordering results from various network analysis algorithms by effective trophic level proved useful in highlighting the potential influence of different taxa to trophodynamics. Although the calculation of effective trophic level has been available for some time, its application to the evaluation of other analyses has previously not received due consideration. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. %O Article 208YR ECOL MODEL %U ://000081020500007 %0 Journal Article %A Robert R. Christian %A Mazzilli, S. %D 2007 %T Defining the coast and sentinel ecosystems for coastal observations of global change %B Hydrobiologia %V 577 %P 55-70 %8 Feb %! Defining the coast and sentinel ecosystems for coastal observations of global change %J Hydrobiologia %M VCR20080702_015 %K coast; Global Terrestrial Observing System; ecosystems; long-term monitoring; Ramsar Convention on Wetlands; World Heritage Convention term ecological research; management; watersheds; nitrogen; models %X The detection, attribution and prediction of global and large scale regional change are goals for the Global Observing Systems of the United Nations. Coastal areas are particularly sensitive to global change, but there is a variety of limitations to universal coverage of observations. The coastal module of the Global Terrestrial Observing System (C-GTOS) considers sentinel ecosystems to address these goals for the terrestrial, wetland and freshwater ecosystems of the coast. Sentinel ecosystems for observing systems are a limited number of well understood systems that have substantial datasets and are observed in a sustained fashion, forming an early warning and core system for broader regional and global change. A necessary step in the development of C-GTOS is the examination of current definitions of coastal areas by anticipated users and information providers, and identification of potential coastal networks and sites. We applied the sentinel system framework to the selection of C-GTOS observation sites from several international programs using various global delineations of coastal areas. Delineations were based on the most common definitions of the coast adopted by potential C-GTOS users and information providers, and included mapped areas of various distance from the coastline, coastal areas of low elevation, and a seaward boundary matching the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). Decreases in the number of sites within each international program occurred with each definition marking area closer to the coastline. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands demonstrates the greatest percentage of coastal sites by any definition. The process of choosing specific sentinel sites for C-GTOS continues from this initial screening, and is the next step towards the development of an in situ site network supporting the observation of global and large scale change. %U ://000243654900006 %0 Book Section %A Robert R. Christian %A Naldi, M. %A Viaroli, P. %D 1998 %T Construction and analysis of static, structured models of nitrogen cycling in coastal ecosystems %B Mathematical Modeling in Microbial Ecology %C New York %I Chapman Hall %P 162-195 %! Construction and analysis of static, structured models of nitrogen cycling in coastal ecosystems %M VCR_10123829_87 %1 Christian, R. R., M. Naldi, P. Viaroli. 1998. Construction and analysis of static, structured models of nitrogen cycling in coastal ecosystems. Mathematical Modeling in Microbial Ecology. Chapman Hall, New York :162-195. Keywords:network analysis:: Notes: submitted by rchristian, Tue Jun 30 EDT 1998 :: %0 Book Section %A Robert R. Christian %A Laura Stasavich %A Cassondra R. Thomas %A Mark M. Brinson %D 2000 %T Reference is a moving target in sea-level controlled wetlands %E Weinstein, M. P. %E Kreeger, D. A. %B Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology %C The Netherlands %I Kluwer Press %P 805-825 %! Reference is a moving target in sea-level controlled wetlands %M VCR_10123829_13 %1 Christian, R.R., L.E. Stasavich, C.R. Thomas, and M.M. Brinson. 2000. Reference is a moving target in sea-level controlled wetlands. Pages 805-825 in n M.P. Weinstein and D.A. Kreeger (editors). Pages 805-825. In M.P. Weinstein and D.A. Kreeger (editors). Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology. Kluwer Press, The Netherlands. Keywords=wetland hydrology, restoration, transgression End_keywords Notes= submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Sun Jul 29 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by brinsonm@mail.ecu.edu, Sun Jul 29 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Robert R. Christian %A Cassondra R. Thomas %D 2003 %T Network analysis of nitrogen inputs and cycling in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA. %B Estuaries %V 26 %P 815-828. %! Network analysis of nitrogen inputs and cycling in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA. %J Estuaries %M VCR_04217091246_01 %K core:Primary Productivity core:Nutrient Cycling core:Model %O submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu on Thu, 5 Aug 2004 09:12:46 -0400 %0 Book Section %A Robert R. Christian %A Ulanowicz, R. E. %D 2001 %T Network Ecology %E El-Shaarawi, A. %E Pierogorsch, W. W. %B Encyclopedia of Environmetrics %C London %I John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. %V 3 %P 1393-1399 %! Network Ecology %M VCR_1022460_11 %1 Christian, R. R., and R. E. Ulanowicz. 2001. Network Ecology. Pages 1393-1399 in A. El-Shaarawi and W. W. Pierogorsch . Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, vol. 3. John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd. Keywords=network analysis, ecosystem , model , xsite , synth , other End_keywords NSFAck=N Notes= submitted by christianr@mail.ecu.edu, Mon Aug 12 EDT 2002 End_notes %K network analysis, ecosystem , model , xsite , synth , other %0 Thesis %A Trine Christiansen %D 1998 %T Sediment Deposition on a Tidal Salt Marsh %C Charlottesville VA %I University of Virginia %P 134 %9 Ph.D Dissertation %! Sediment Deposition on a Tidal Salt Marsh %M VCR_10123829_89 %1 Christiansen, T. 1998. Sediment Deposition on a Tidal Salt Marsh. Ph.D Dissertation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA pp. 134. Keywords:sedimentation, flow, suspended sediment, deposition, low marsh:: Abstract:The physical processes that control mineral sediment deposition on a mesotidal salt marsh surface on the Atlantic Coast of Virginia have been characterized through a series of measurements of sediment concentration, flow velocity, water surface elevation and local rates of deposition on the marsh surface. Flow and sediment transport have been characterized both temporally and spatially as a function of distance from the bordering tidal creek. Measurements were made at tidal conditions ranging from tides barely flooding the marsh surface to spring tides and storm surges. Flow velocities on the marsh surface are extremely low (\< 1cm/s) during all tidal conditions measured. Flow direction on the marsh surface is perpendicular to the flow in the main tidal channel, flowing onto the marsh surface on the rising tide and off the marsh surface on the falling tide. The marsh surface vegetation, {\it Spartina alterniflora}, has a significant dampening effect on the turbulence of the flow, promoting deposition of suspended particles. Shear stresses within the {\it Spartina alterniflora} canopy are insufficient to mobilize sediment from the marsh surface. Sediment concentrations at the marsh edge are higher on the rising tide than on the falling tide, and combined with a flow directed from the tidal creek towards the marsh interior or during a tidal cycle, this pattern indicates sediment deposition on the rising tide. Sediment concentrations at the edge of the marsh increase with increased tidal amplitude, whereas in the marsh interior sediment concentration remained low regardless of tidal amplitude. The concentration gradient between creek bank and marsh interior indicates that more sediment is deposited on the creek bank as tidal amplitude increases. Correlation of high sediment transport events with meteorological conditions indicate that all high transport events are associated with strong northeasterly winds. Based on these measurements, it is estimated that 27% of sediment deposited on the marsh surface is contributed by storms\; the rest is deposited during normal high spring tides. :: Notes: submitted by pwiberg, Wed Jul 8 EDT 1998 :: %K sedimentation flow suspended sediment deposition low marsh %O submitted by pwiberg, Wed Jul 8 EDT 1998 %0 Journal Article %A Trine Christiansen %A Patricia Wiberg %A Milligan, T. G. %D 2000 %T Flow and sediment transport on a salt marsh surface %B Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science %V 50 %P 315-331 %! Flow and sediment transport on a salt marsh surface %M VCR_10123829_90 %1 Christiansen, T., P.L. Wiberg and T.G. Milligan. in press. Flow and sediment transport on a salt marsh surface. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science Notes= submitted by pwiberg@mail.evsc.virginia.edu, Wed Aug 18 EDT 1999 End_notes %0 Thesis %A Clark, C. J. %D 1993 %T Comparison of storm characteristics and their relation to barrier island overwash, Eastern shore of Virginia %B Dept. of Geology %C Lewisberg, PA %I Bucknell University %9 Undergraduate thesis %! Comparison of storm characteristics and their relation to barrier island overwash, Eastern shore of Virginia %M VCR_10123829_91 %1 Clark, C.J. 1993. Comparison of storm characteristics and their relation to barrier island overwash, Eastern shore of Virginia.Undergraduate thesis. Bucknell University Lewisberg, Pa. %0 Thesis %A Cohn, M. %D 1993 %T The relative role of geomorphic processes in the storm recovery of washover sites on the Virginia barrier islands %C Lewisberg, Pa %I Bucknell University %9 Undergraduate thesis %! The relative role of geomorphic processes in the storm recovery of washover sites on the Virginia barrier islands %M VCR_10123829_92 %1 Cohn, M. 1993. The relative role of geomorphic processes in the storm recovery of washover sites on the Virginia barrier islands.Undergraduate thesis. Bucknell University, Lewisberg, Pa. %0 Journal Article %A Christine E. Conn %A Frank P. Day %D 1993 %T Belowground biomass patterns on a coastal barrier island in Virginia %B Bull. Torrey Bot. Club %V 120 %P 121-127 %! Belowground biomass patterns on a coastal barrier island in Virginia %J Bull. Torrey Bot. Club %M VCR_10123829_93 %1 Conn, C.E. and F.P. Day 1993. Belowground biomass patterns on a coastal barrier island in Virginia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 120: 121-127. %0 Journal Article %A Christine E. Conn %A Frank P. Day %D 1993 %T Environmental influences on belowground decomposition rates along a barrier island chronosequence %B Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %V 74 %N 2 %P 198 %! Environmental influences on belowground decomposition rates along a barrier island chronosequence %J Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %M VCR_10123829_94 %1 Conn, C.E. and F.P. Day 1993. Environmental influences on belowground decomposition rates along a barrier island chronosequence. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 74(2):198. %0 Journal Article %A Christine E. Conn %A Frank P. Day %D 1996 %T Response of root and cotton strip decay to nitrogen amendment along a barrier island dune chronosequence %B Canadian Journal of Botany %V 74 %P 276-284 %! Response of root and cotton strip decay to nitrogen amendment along a barrier island dune chronosequence %J Canadian Journal of Botany %M VCR_10123829_95 %1 Conn, C.E. and F.P. Day. 1996. Response of root and cotton strip decay to nitrogen amendment along a barrier island dune chronosequence. Canadian Journal of Botany 74:276-284. Notes: submitted by fday, Mon Apr 14 EDT 1997 :: %O submitted by fday, Mon Apr 14 EDT 1997 %0 Journal Article %A Christine E. Conn %A Frank P. Day %D 1997 %T Root decomposition across a barrier island chronosequence: litter quality and environmental controls %B Plant and Soil %V 195 %P 351-364 %! Root decomposition across a barrier island chronosequence: litter quality and environmental controls %J Plant and Soil %M VCR_10123829_96 %1 Conn, C.E. and F.P. Day. 1997. Root decomposition across a barrier island chronosequence: litter quality and environmental controls. Plant and Soil 195:351-364. Notes: submitted by fday, Tue Jun 16 EDT 1998 :: %O submitted by fday, Tue Jun 16 EDT 1998 %0 Thesis %A Craig, C. L. %D 2001 %T Physiological responses of Phragmites australis to flooding at different salinity levels %B Biology %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 MS thesis %! Physiological responses of Phragmites australis to flooding at different salinity levels %M VCR_10123829_14 %1 Craig, C.L. 2001. Physiological responses of Phragmites australis to flooding at different salinity levels. MS thesis. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA pp. Notes= submitted by dyoung@saturn.vcu.edu, Thu Aug 2 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by dyoung@saturn.vcu.edu, Thu Aug 2 EDT 2001 %0 Thesis %A Edward R. Crawford %D 1995 %T Microclimate comparison of gaps and intact shrub thickets on a Virginia barrier island and analysis of a shrub thicket soil seed banks on a Virginia coastal barrier island %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %P 69 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Microclimate comparison of gaps and intact shrub thickets on a Virginia barrier island and analysis of a shrub thicket soil seed banks on a Virginia coastal barrier island %M VCR_10123829_97 %1 Crawford, E.R. 1995. Microclimate comparison of gaps and intact shrub thickets on a Virginia barrier island and analysis of a shrub thicket soil seed banks on a Virginia coastal barrier island. M.S. Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. pp. 69. Advisor: D. Young %0 Journal Article %A Edward R. Crawford %A Donald R. Young %D 1998 %T Gap dynamics within shrub thickets on an Atlantic Coast barrier island %B Ameican Midland Naturalist %V 140 %P 68-77 %! Gap dynamics within shrub thickets on an Atlantic Coast barrier island %J Ameican Midland Naturalist %M VCR_10123829_98 %1 Crawford, E.R. and D.R. Young. 1998. Gap dynamics within shrub thickets on an Atlantic Coast barrier island. Ameican Midland Naturalist 140:68-77. Notes= submitted by dyoung@saturn.vcu.edu, Tue Jul 27 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by dyoung@saturn.vcu.edu, Tue Jul 27 EDT 1999 %0 Journal Article %A Edward R. Crawford %A Donald R. Young %D 1998 %T Spatial/temporal variations in shrub thicket soil seed banks on an Atlantic coast barrier island %B American Journal of Botany %V 85 %N 12 %P 1739-1744 %8 Dec %! Spatial/temporal variations in shrub thicket soil seed banks on an Atlantic coast barrier island %J Am. J. Bot. %M ISI:000077696200010 %K barrier islands; gaps; Myrica cerifera; seed bank; shrub thickets; species richness; succession dynamics; virginia; vegetation; forest %X Potential species replacement within low-diversity shrub thicket communities was investigated for a Virginia barrier island. Seed bank species composition was quantified in a glasshouse study using soil samples collected beneath closed Myrica cerifera thickets, as well as from thicket gaps. Samples were collected from productive and aging thickets, corresponding to differences in soil age. These data were compared to species presently occurring within the thickets and gaps. Seedbank species composition was not indicative of current community composition for either the intact thickets or the gaps. Seed banks resembled a more pioneer community. Thirteen families, 23 genera, and 25 species were identified from the seed bank beneath the M. cerifera thickets. Four species were woody. The within-gap seed bank included 19 families, 30 genera, and 34 species. Eight species were woody. The current community included 21 families, 33 genera, and 36 species beneath the intact thickets as well as within the thicket gaps. Eighteen species were woody. The species richness of gaps was more than three times that of intact thickets. For low-diversity shrub thickets, gaps enhance species richness. %O Article 151BX AMER J BOT %U ://000077696200010 %0 Journal Article %A Edward R. Crawford %A Donald R. Young %D 1998 %T Comparison of gaps and intact shrub thickets on an Atlantic coast barrier island %B American Midland Naturalist %V 140 %N 1 %P 68-77 %8 Jul %! Comparison of gaps and intact shrub thickets on an Atlantic coast barrier island %J Am. Midl. Nat. %M ISI:000075014000007 %K species composition; treefall gaps; forest; regeneration; dynamics; disturbance; virginia %X Shrub thicket (Myrica cerifera) gaps were sampled on a Virginia barrier island to elucidate successional mechaisms in the development of maritime forests. Microclimate, edaphic characteristics and spatial heterogeneity within gaps, as well as within intact thicket understories, were compared for young and aging thickets. Midday photosynthetic photon flux density in gaps ranged from 5-1000 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), but at the gap center photon flux density was up to 15% higher for the aging thicket. Soil temperatures at the surface were 9 C warmer in aging thicket gaps compared to young gaps, and 6 to 14 C warmer when comparing gaps to the understories for the young and aging thickets, respectively. Edaphic characteristics differed little with thicket age; however, gaps in the aging thicket had greater structural diversity. Species richness was 2.5 to 3.7 times greater within gaps than in intact thicket understories, with highest richness within aging thicket gaps. Relative to intact shrub thickets, gaps enhance environmental variability; through greater structural diversity. Gaps may facilitate the establishment of later seral species. %O Article 104KR AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST %U ://000075014000007 %0 Journal Article %A Crusius, J. %A Peter Berg %A Koopmans, D. J. %A Erban, L. %D 2008 %T Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge %B Marine Chemistry %V 109 %N 1-2 %P 77-85 %8 Feb 16 %! Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge %M VCR20071001_06 %U ://000254769500006 %0 Journal Article %A Culver, S. J. %A Woo, H. J. %A George F. Oertel %A Buzas, M. A. %D 1996 %T Foraminifera of coastal depositional environments, Virginia, USA: Distribution and taphonomy %B Palaios %V 11 %N 5 %P 459-486 %8 Oct %! Foraminifera of coastal depositional environments, Virginia, USA: Distribution and taphonomy %J Palaios %M ISI:A1996VQ02000006 %K southern delmarva-peninsula %X The coastal zone of the southern Delmarva Peninsula exhibits a wide variety of barrier island system subenvironments. This study investigated, a) whether 20 a priori subenvironments could be distinguished from each other on the basis of total (living plus dead) foraminiferal assemblages, and b) the potential utility of modern, foraminiferal assemblages as paleoenvironmental indicators in barrier island systems. Sixty- eight foraminiferal species were recorded from 57 surface sediment samples. The values of species diversity (H(S)) and equitability (E) exhibit a striking contrast between. the marshes and other areas. The marshes had higher values of species diversity and equitability than the tidal flats and the channels-inlets-shoreface. Stepwise regression analyses indicate correlation of the seven most frequently occurring species in total assemblages (>30% of the total stations) with combinations of one to three environmental variables at the 95% level. Species diversity data and taxonomic composition data analysed by canonical variate analysis indicate that not 20, but four major environments can be readily and reliably distinguished, namely brackish marsh/channel, Lagoonal tidal flats, lagoonal marshes/washover fans, and channels/inlets/shoreface. Combined sedimentologic and microfaunal data can provide greater environmental discrimination. Although these modern foraminiferal distribution patterns are useful as a model for paleoenvironmental interpretations of Quaternary coastal deposits, the model should be applied with great caution. because the nature of fossil assemblages in short cores taken in outer fringe marsh and tidal flat environments indicates that taphonomic loss of foraminiferal tests is both considerable and variable. %O Article VQ020 PALAIOS %U ://A1996VQ02000006 %0 Journal Article %A DAlpaos, A %A Lanzoni, S %A Mudd, S. M. %A Fagherazzi, S %D 2006 %T Modeling the influence of hydroperiod and vegetation on the cross-sectional formation of tidal channels %B Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science %V 69 %N 3-4 %P 311-324 %! Modeling the influence of hydroperiod and vegetation on the cross-sectional formation of tidal channels %M VCR20070823-002 %0 Thesis %A James K. Dame %D 2005 %T Evaluation of Ecological Network Analysis for Ecosystem-based Management %B Coastal Resources Management %C Greenville, NC %I East Carolina University %9 Ph.D %! Evaluation of Ecological Network Analysis for Ecosystem-based Management %M VCR_200512310003 %0 Journal Article %A James K. Dame %A Robert R. Christian %D 2006 %T Uncertainty and the use of network analysis for ecosystem-based fishery management %B Fisheries %V 31 %P 331-341 %! Uncertainty and the use of network analysis for ecosystem-based fishery management %J Fisheries %M VCR_06324085427_01 %K Ecopath core:Model core:Synthesis %O submitted by christianr@ecu.edu on Tue, 21 Nov 2006 08:54:27 -0500 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A James K. Dame %A Robert R. Christian %D 2007 %T A statistical test of network analysis: can it detect differences in food web properties? %B Ecosystems %V 10 %P 906-923 %! A statistical test of network analysis: can it detect differences in food web properties? %M VCR20071118_01 %K ecological network analysis ecopath ecosystem-based management food web salt marsh pond stress trophic network. %X Ecological network analysis (ENA) is a modeling approach increasingly being used to examine food webs. However, most studies do not replicate networks, and a statistical evaluation of ENA is lacking. The major objectives of this study, therefore, were to evaluate statistically the effectiveness of ENA in detecting differences in food web properties and to compare ENA output with established community level indices. Quantitative trophic networks (n = 12) representing four high salt marsh ponds during three times (corresponding to low stress, high stress, and post-disturbance) were constructed from an extensive field sampling program augmented by literature values. Food webs of salt marsh ponds were used because these systems contain relatively simple food webs, have well defined boundaries, and allow for adequate replication. A null hypothesis was tested to determine how values of 12 indices from ENA output differed among the three stress/disturbance conditions (Ho: low stress = high stress = post-disturbance). Results of both ANOVA and Friedman‘s tests indicated most ENA indices were significantly different among the three stress/disturbance conditions. The amount of covariance among the indices was relatively low (7 of 66 were significant). Results were compared to differences in community indices (richness, evenness, and diversity) among the three stress/disturbance conditions. ENA output identified differences beyond those recognized by the community indices. Overall, networks were unique enough under different environmental conditions to provide statistically significant differences in ENA results. Our findings are supportive of the use of carefully constructed networks in food web analysis and for decision making in ecosystembased management. %0 Journal Article %A James K. Dame %A Robert R. Christian %D 2008 %T Evaluation of ecological network analysis: Validation of output %B Ecological Modelling %V 210 %N 3 %P 327-338 %8 Jan 24 %! Evaluation of ecological network analysis: Validation of output %J Ecol. Model. %M VCR20080702_014 %K ecological network analysis; ecopath; ecosystem-based management; food web; NETWRK; stable isotopes; trophic network; model validation stable-isotopes; steady-state; food webs; fisheries management; trophic structure; ecosystem; models; uncertainty; assumptions; delta-n-15 %X Ecological network analysis (ENA) is a modeling approach increasingly being used to evaluate food webs and provide an ecosystem-based approach to resource management. Unfortunately, validation of ENA output is rarely performed. This study represents part of a larger effort to critically evaluate ENA. Here we validate ENA output using stable isotope analysis (SIA), and where validation is not met, determine the effects of modifying trophic networks to reflect validation. Quantitative trophic networks representing four salt marsh ponds during late summer 2002 were constructed from an extensive field sampling program augmented by literature values. Ponds were used because they contain relatively simple food webs, have well defined boundaries, and allow for relatively complete sampling. SIA data (delta C-13, delta N-15, delta S-34) were used to validate effective trophic levels calculated by Ecopath for four separate networks, and carbon source estimates from NETWRKs total dependency matrix for four compartments in a single network. Effective trophic levels calculated by Ecopath matched those from delta N-15 data for three of the four networks. Mean differences of trophic levels between methods ranged from 0.12 (95% CI = 0.27) to 0.34 (95% CI = 0.35) in three networks, and 0.53 (95% CI = 0.28) in the fourth. Agreement in carbon source estimates was determined graphically using ternary plots. Percent carbon from three sources (meiofauna, epiphytic algae, phytoplankton/POC) given in the total dependency matrix (NETWRK output) did not fall within the range given by stable isotope mixing models for three of four compartments. Modifications to reflect validation of carbon source estimates did not result in significant differences in ENA output. Lack of validation was often due to inherent differences in methods and assumptions imbedded in the models. Our study highlights the need for feedback between model construction, analysis and validation in improving trophic networks. Moreover, validation allows the effect of uncertainty in trophic networks to be evaluated by quantifying the sensitivity of ENA output to modifications in the models. %U ://000252654800011 %0 Journal Article %A Davis, R. %A Robert Dolan %D 1992 %T The "All Hallows Eve Storm." October, 1991 %B J. Coastal Research %V 8 %P 987-983 %! The "All Hallows Eve Storm." October, 1991 %M VCR_10123829_103 %1 Davis, R. and R. Dolan 1992. The "All Hallows Eve Storm." October, 1991. J. Coastal Research. 8:987-983. %0 Journal Article %A Davis, R. E. %A Bruce P. Hayden %A Gay, D. A. %A Phillips, W. L. %A Jones, G. V. %D 1997 %T The North Atlantic Subtropical anticyclone %B Journal of Climatology %V 10 %P 728-744 %! The North Atlantic Subtropical anticyclone %J Journal of Climatology %M VCR_10123829_102 %1 Davis, R. E., B. P. Hayden, D. A. Gay, W. L. Phillips, and G. V. Jones. 1997. The North Atlantic Subtropical anticyclone. Journal of Climatology 10:728-744. Keywords:Anticyclone, high pressure cell, climate change:: Notes: submitted by bhayden, Fri May 30 EDT 1997 :: %K Anticyclone high pressure cell climate change %O submitted by bhayden, Fri May 30 EDT 1997 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Davis, R. E. %A Bruce P. Hayden %A Jones, G. V. %D 1995 %T Climatic Change in the North Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone and Northwestern Atlantic Sea-surface Temperatures %B Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology of the American Meteorological Society %P 352-355 %! Climatic Change in the North Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone and Northwestern Atlantic Sea-surface Temperatures %M VCR_10123829_104 %1 Davis, R.E., B.P. Hayden, and G.V. Jones 1995.. Climatic Change in the North Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone and Northwestern Atlantic Sea-surface Temperatures. Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology of the American Meteorological Society, 352-355. %0 Journal Article %A Frank P. Day %D 1993 %T Plant response to nitrogen fertilization on a barrier island dune chronosequence %B Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %V 74 %N 2 %P 210 %! Plant response to nitrogen fertilization on a barrier island dune chronosequence %J Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. %M VCR_10123829_107 %1 Day, F.P.1993. Plant response to nitrogen fertilization on a barrier island dune chronosequence. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 74(2):210. %0 Journal Article %A Frank P. Day %D 1995 %T Environmental influences on belowground decomposition on a coastal barrier island determined by cotton strip assay %B Pedobiologia %V 39 %P 289-303 %! Environmental influences on belowground decomposition on a coastal barrier island determined by cotton strip assay %J Pedobiologia %M VCR_10123829_105 %1 Day, F.P. 1995. Environmental influences on belowground decomposition on a coastal barrier island determined by cotton strip assay. Pedobiologia 39:289-303. Notes= submitted by fday@odu.edu, Tue Jul 20 EDT 1999 End_notes %O submitted by fday@odu.edu, Tue Jul 20 EDT 1999 %0 Journal Article %A Frank P. Day %D 1996 %T Effects of nitrogen availability on plant biomass along a barrier island dune chronosequence %B Castanea %V 61 %P 369-381 %! Effects of nitrogen availability on plant biomass along a barrier island dune chronosequence %J Castanea %M VCR_10123829_106 %1 Day, F.P. 1996. Effects of nitrogen availability on plant biomass along a barrier island dune chronosequence. Castanea 61:369-381. Notes: submitted by fday, Mon Apr 14 EDT 1997 :: %O submitted by fday, Mon Apr 14 EDT 1997 %0 Journal Article %A Frank P. Day %A Christine E. Conn %A Edward R. Crawford %A Mark Stevenson %D 2004 %T Long-term effects of nitrogen fertilization on plant community structure on a coastal barrier island dune chronosequence %B Journal of Coastal Research %V 20 %P 722-730 %! Long-term effects of nitrogen fertilization on plant community structure on a coastal barrier island dune chronosequence %M VCR_04342030903_01 %K location:island core:Primary Productivity core:Nutrient Cycling %O submitted by fday@odu.edu on Wed, 8 Dec 2004 15:09:03 -0500 NSF support to VCRLTER acknowledged %0 Journal Article %A Frank P. Day %A Edward R. Crawford %A Dilustro, J. J. %D 2001 %T Aboveground plant biomass change along a coastal barrier island dune chronosequence over a six-year period %B J. Torrey Bot. Soc. %V 128 %N 3 %P 197-207 %! Aboveground plant biomass change along a coastal barrier island dune chronosequence over a six-year period %J J. Torrey Bot. Soc. %M VCR_10123829_210 %1 Day, F.P., E. Crawford, and J.J. Dilustro. 2001. Plant biomass change along a coastal barrier island dune chronosequence over a six-year period. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:197-207. Notes= submitted by fday@odu.edu, Wed Jul 25 EDT 2001 End_notes %O submitted by fday@odu.edu, Wed Jul 25 EDT 2001 %0 Journal Article %A Defina, A. %A Carniello, L. %A Sergio Fagherazzi %A Sergio Fagherazzi %D 2007 %T Self organization of shallow basins in tidal flats and salt marshes %B J. Geophys. Res. %V 112 %P F03001 %! Self organization of shallow basins in tidal flats and salt marshes %L doi:10.1029/2006JF000550 %M VCR20070822-001 %0 Journal Article %A Defina, A. %A Carniello, L. %A Sergio Fagherazzi %A Sergio Fagherazzi %D 2007 %T Self-organization of shallow basins in tidal flats and salt marshes %B Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface %V 112 %N F3 %8 Jul 12 %! Self-organization of shallow basins in tidal flats and salt marshes %M VCR20080702_008 %U ://000248031200001 %0 Journal Article %A DeKimpe, N. M. %A Robert Dolan %A Bruce P. Hayden %D 1991 %T Predicted Dune Recession on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, U %B S.A. J. Coastal Res. %V 7 %P 451-463 %! Predicted Dune Recession on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, U %J S.A. J. Coastal Res. %M VCR_10123829_108 %1 DeKimpe, N.M., R. Dolan, B.P. Hayden. 1991. Predicted Dune Recession on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, U.S.A. J. Coastal Res. 7:451-463. %0 Thesis %A Dilustro, J. J. %D 1994 %T Aboveground biomass and net primary productivity along a Virginia barrier island dune chronosequence %C Norfolk, VA %I Old Dominion University %P 50 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Aboveground biomass and net primary productivity along a Virginia barrier island dune chronosequence %M VCR_10123829_109 %1 Dilustro, J.J. 1994. Aboveground biomass and net primary productivity along a Virginia barrier island dune chronosequence. M.S. Thesis, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA. pp. 50. Advisor: F. Day. %0 Journal Article %A Dilustro, J. J. %A Frank P. Day %D 1997 %T Aboveground biomass and net primary production along a Virginia barrier island chronosequence %B Amer. Mid. Nat. %V 137 %P 27-38 %! Aboveground biomass and net primary production along a Virginia barrier island chronosequence %J Amer. Mid. Nat. %M VCR_10123829_110 %1 Dilustro, J.J. and F.P. Day. 1997. Aboveground biomass and net primary production along a Virginia barrier island chronosequence. Amer. Mid. Nat. 137:27-38. Notes: submitted by fday, Tue Jun 16 EDT 1998 :: %O submitted by fday, Tue Jun 16 EDT 1998 %0 Thesis %A Dobson, R. %D 1997 %T Sulfate sorption in a shallow sandy aquifer %C Charlottesville, VA %I University of Virginia %P 27-38 %9 M.S. Thesis %! Sulfate sorption in a shallow sandy aquifer %M VCR_10123829_111 %1 Dobson, R. W. 1997. Sulfate sorption in a shallow sandy aquifer. M.S. Thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. %0 Journal Article %A Robert Dolan %A Bruce P. Hayden %A Bosserman, K. %A Lisle, L. %D 1987 %T Frequency and Magnitude Data on Coastal Storms %B J. Coastal Res. %V 3 %P 245-247 %! Frequency and Magnitude Data on Coastal Storms %J J. 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T. %D 1997 %T Influences of tidal litter (wrack) and microtopography on strand species and on community composition %C Richmond, VA %I Virginia Commonwealth University %9 MS thesis %! Influences of tidal litter (wrack) and microtopography on strand species and on community composition %M VCR_10123829_120 %1 Elliott, M.T. 1997. Influences of tidal litter (wrack) and microtopography on strand species and on community composition. MS thesis. Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA pp. Notes: submitted by dyoung, Fri Jul 10 EDT 1998 :: %O submitted by dyoung, Fri Jul 10 EDT 1998 %0 Conference Proceedings %A Emanuel, W. R. %A Prentice, I. C. %A Smith, T. M. %A Shugart, Hank H. %A Soloman, A. M. %D 1989 %T Models for Analysis of Vegetation Responses to Global Environmental Change %E Noble, R. D. %E Martin, J. L. %E Jensen, K. F. %B Air Pollution Effects on Vegetation Including Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Second US-USSR Symposium %C U.S.D.A. For. Ser., N.E. For. Exp. Stat. 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